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"Modern times" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see Modern Times.

The term Modern era, Modern period, or Modern Times is used by historians to loosely describe the period of time immediately following what is known as the early modern period. Periodization is the attempt to categorize or divide Time into discrete named blocks The early modern period is a term initially used by historians to refer mainly to the period roughly from 1500 to 1800 in Western Europe ( Early modern Europe) It is to be distinguished from the term of Modernity. Modernity is a term that refers to the Modern era. It is distinct from Modernism, and in different contexts refers to cultural and intellectual movements of the

  1. The early modern period lasted from the end of the 15th century to the middle of the 18th century[1], circa 1450 (moveable type printing press etc) and 1492 (start of European Colonialism) to 1750 (the Enlightenment) and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. The early modern period is a term initially used by historians to refer mainly to the period roughly from 1500 to 1800 in Western Europe ( Early modern Europe) See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the
  2. Modern Times are generally regarded as the period from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century and continuing up to today. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The documentation of this time period is often called Modern history.
  3. Modernity, based on Modernism, explores the changes of society due to the industrial age. Modernity is a term that refers to the Modern era. It is distinct from Modernism, and in different contexts refers to cultural and intellectual movements of the Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one
  4. Postmodernity, Postindustrialism are theories to apply the art movement term of postmodernism (below) to social and cultural history, or to refer to the change of the industrial society during the past fifty years when the industry was no longer the most predominant basis of economy and society; the prefix "post-" implies a reaction to modernity and in that sense does not cover all contemporary history. Postmodernity (also spelled post-modernity or the pejorative postmodern condition) is generally used to describe the economic and/or cultural state or condition A post-industrial society is a society in which an economic transition has occurred from a manufacturing based economy to a service based economy, a diffusion An affix is a Morpheme that is attached to a stem to form a word Contemporary history describes the term of Historical events that are immediately relevant to the present time [2]

Modernity on the other hand, describes large-scale developments of society (including literature and philosophy). Modernity is a term that refers to the Modern era. It is distinct from Modernism, and in different contexts refers to cultural and intellectual movements of the A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Modernism describes an art movement. Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Neither applies to political, social, or series of events since either the fin de siècle or World War I in a strict sense. Fin de siècle (fɑ̃ dɛ si'ɛːkl French for ‛end of the century‘ was a cultural movement between 1880 and the beginning of World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

Contents

Terminology, periodisation, and Early Modern

These terms are never to be used in strict terms, centuries are the most narrow time frame possible. In the English language, history was not a scientific subject until the Enlightenment (and the American and French Revolutions of that period, 1750-1800), so the "Modern Age" was their present time; that said, the term "modern" was coined shortly before 1585 to describe the beginning of a new era. [3] For that reason, there is no distinction into Early and "Late", as in eg. in German, whose periodisation "Ancient-Medieval-New" was constructed after the millenarianist book on world history by Christoph Cellarius in 1707, and Hegel, who continued the tradition. Periodization is the attempt to categorize or divide Time into discrete named blocks Millenarianism (sometimes spelled millenarism or millennarism) is the belief by a religious social or political group or movement in a coming major transformation Christoph (Keller Cellarius ( 22 November 1638 - 1707 was a German Classical scholar from Schmalkalden who held positions in There, it led to the, literally, "Late Newer" Times (Späte Neuzeit), which is essentially Modern Age. [4] The term "Early Modern" was introduced in the English language during the Enlightenment to distinguish the time between what we call Middle Ages and time of the late Enlightenment (1800) (when the term Modern Ages was shaped in our contemporary form), a distinction that originated in the 1930s. [5]

The similar terms Modern Period, ~ Age, or ~ Era, are also commonly (and synonymously) used. "Modern Times" and "Early Modern Times" refers to political or religious events like the English, the industrial, the American, and the French revolutions, while Modernity refers to the development of concepts like industrialisation and revolutions in the ways of thinking like individualism, democratic participation and nationalism. Modernity is a term that refers to the Modern era. It is distinct from Modernism, and in different contexts refers to cultural and intellectual movements of the is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Still, both terms might often be used synonymously. This article deals with the general meaning of the term "synonym"

The European Renaissance (about 1420-1630) is an important transition period beginning between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere The Late Middle Ages is a term used by historians to describe European history in the period of the 14th and 15th centuries (AD 1300–1499

"Postmodernism", coined 1949, on the other hand, would describe rather a movement in art than a period of history, and is usually applied to arts, but not to any events of the very recent history. Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual [6] This changed, when postmodernity was coined to describe the major changes in the 1950s and 1960s in economy, society, culture, and philosophy. Postmodernity (also spelled post-modernity or the pejorative postmodern condition) is generally used to describe the economic and/or cultural state or condition

It is important to note that these terms stem from European History; in worldwide usage, such as in China, India and Islam, the terms are applied in a very different way, but often in the context with their contact with European culture in the Age of Discoveries. The Age of Discovery or Age of Exploration was a period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century during which Europeans explored [7]

Characteristics

The concept of the modern world as distinct from an ancient or mediaeval world rests on a sense that the modern world is not just another era in history, but rather the result of a new type of change. "The world " is a proper noun for the planet Earth envisioned from an Anthropocentric or Human Worldview, as a place An era is a commonly used word for long period of time When used in science for example geology eras denote clearly defined periods of time of arbitrary but well defined History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology This is usually conceived of as progress driven by deliberate human efforts to better their situation.

Advances in all areas of human activity—politics, industry, society, economics, commerce, transport, communication, mechanization, automation, science, medicine, technology and culture—appear to have transformed an Old World into the Modern or New World. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another Communication is the process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood the same way Mechanization or mechanisation ( BE) is providing human operators with machinery to assist them with the physical requirements of work Automation ( Ancient Greek: = self dictated) roboticization or industrial automation or Numerical control is the use of Control systems Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Technology is a broad concept that deals with a Species ' usage and knowledge of Tools and Crafts and how it affects a species' ability to control and adapt Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic In each case, the identification of the old Revolutionary change can be used to demarcate the old and old-fashioned from the modern.

Much of the Modern world replaced the Biblically-oriented value system, revalued the monarchical government system, and abolished the feudal economic system, with new democratic and liberal ideas in the areas of politics, science, psychology, sociology, and economics. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin A value system is a set of Consistent Ethic values (more specifically the Personal and cultural values) and measures used for the purpose of Ethical A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Modern history

Some events, though born out of context not entirely new, show a new way of perceiving the world. The concept of modernity interprets the general meaning of these events and seeks explanations for major developments; Historians analyse the events taking place in Modern Times, ie. since the so-called "Middle Ages" (that take their name from being in the middle between Modern and Ancient Times). "Ancient" redirects here For other uses see Ancient_(disambiguation.

Late 15th to early 18th century

Main articles: Early modern period and Early Modern Europe
Further information: 16th century and 17th century

This period is also called the Early Modern period. The early modern period is a term initially used by historians to refer mainly to the period roughly from 1500 to 1800 in Western Europe ( Early modern Europe) The early modern period is a term used by historians to refer to the period in Western '''Europe''' and its first colonies which spans the three centuries between As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar

Renaissance+Reformation (ca. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time 1450-1600)
Baroque (ca. The Age of Discovery or Age of Exploration was a period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century during which Europeans explored The Spanish Armada ( Spanish: Grande y Felicísima Armada, "Great and Most Fortunate Navy" or Armada Invencible, "Invincible Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc 1600-1720)

18th to 20th century

Main article: Modern history
Further information: 18th century, 19th century, and 20th century

This period is also called the Modern period. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The twentieth century of the Common Era began on

Industrial Revolution, Age of Enlightenment
The long 19th century (1789-1914)
The short twentieth century (1914-1991)

1991 to present

Main articles: 1990s, 2000s, and 21st century
Further information: Contemporary history

See also

References

  1. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica
  2. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica
  3. ^ modern. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000
  4. ^ Schulze, Introduction to Modern History, Stuttgart 2002
  5. ^ New Dictionary of the History of ideas, Volume 5, Detroit 2005. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 The 21st century is the current century of the Christian Era or Common Era in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Contemporary history describes the term of Historical events that are immediately relevant to the present time The early modern period is a term initially used by historians to refer mainly to the period roughly from 1500 to 1800 in Western Europe ( Early modern Europe) Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Modernity is a term that refers to the Modern era. It is distinct from Modernism, and in different contexts refers to cultural and intellectual movements of the Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century The quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns (querelle des Anciens et des Modernes was a literary and artistic quarrel that heated up in the early 1690s and shook The History of literature in the Modern period in Europe begins with the Age of Enlightenment and the conclusion of the Baroque period in the 18th century Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism Postmodernity (also spelled post-modernity or the pejorative postmodern condition) is generally used to describe the economic and/or cultural state or condition Modernism and Modern
  6. ^ postmodern - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
  7. ^ Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts: Late Medieval and Early Modern Medicine

External links

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