This article is part of the series on: History of Greek art

Greek Bronze Age

Cycladic art - Minoan art Mycenean art

Art in Ancient Greece

Archaic Greek art - Classical Greek art Hellenistic art Greek Art in Roman times see also: Greco-Buddhist art

Medieval Greece

Byzantine art - Macedonian art

Post-Byzantine Greece

Art in Ottoman Greece - Cretan School Heptanese School

Modern Greece

Art in modern Greece - Munich School Contemporary Greek art This box: view • talk • edit

Modern Greek Art is the term used to describe Greek art during the period between the emergence of the new independent Greek state and the 20th century. Greece has a rich and varied artistic history spanning some 5000 years Cycladic art is the art and sculpture of the ancient Cycladic civilization, existing in the islands of the Aegean Sea from 3300 - 2000 BCE. The Minoan civilization was a Bronze Age civilization which arose on the island of Crete. Mycenaean Greece is a cultural period of ancient Greece taking its name from the archaeological site of Mycenae in northeastern Argolis, in the Peloponnese The art of ancient Greece has exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many countries from ancient times until the present particularly in the areas of Sculpture The archaic period in Greece ( 750 BC 480 BC) is a period of Ancient Greek history In the context of the art architecture and culture of Ancient Greece, the classical period corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries The Art of the Hellenistic period has long been the victim of the relative disdain attached to the period Roman Greece is the period of Greek history (of Greece proper as opposed to the other centers of Hellenism in the Roman world following the Roman victory over Greco-Buddhist art is the artistic manifestation of Greco-Buddhism, a cultural Syncretism between the Classical Greek culture and Buddhism Byzantine art is the term commonly used to describe the artistic products of the Byzantine Empire from about the 4th century until the Fall of Constantinople Macedonian art (sometimes called the Macedonian Renaissance) was a period in Byzantine art which Most of Greece was part of the Ottoman Empire from the 14th century until its declaration of independence in 1821. The term Cretan School describes an important school of Icon painting also known as Post-Byzantine art, which flourished while Crete was under Venetian The Heptanese School of painting ( Επτανησιακή Σχολή, literally The School of the seven islands also known as the Ionian Islands' School The Munich School ( Σχολή του Μονάχου) or Academic realism is the most important artistic movement of Greek Art in the 19th century with Contemporary Greek Art is defined as the art produced by Greek artists after World War II. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Mainland Greece being under the Ottoman rule for almost 4 centuries has naturally missed the Renaissance and the artistic movements that followed, in Western Europe. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' However, Greek islands such as Crete, and the Ionian islands in particular were for large periods under Venetian or other European powers' rule and thus, were able to assimilate better the radical artistic changes that were occurring in Europe during the 14th-18th century. Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the This article is about the group of islands west of Greece For the ancient region in western Anatolia see Ionia. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The Cretan School and in particular the Heptanese Schools of art are two typical examples of artistic movements in Greece that followed parallel routes to Western Europe ^[1]. The term Cretan School describes an important school of Icon painting also known as Post-Byzantine art, which flourished while Crete was under Venetian The Heptanese School of painting ( Επτανησιακή Σχολή, literally The School of the seven islands also known as the Ionian Islands' School There were therefore different artistic trends in the emerging Greek society. It is reasonable to claim that it was the particular socioeconomic conditions of Greece, the large Greek diaspora across Europe, the new Greek social elite and the artistic influences of mainly Germany and France that shaped to a large extend what we call Art in Modern Greece. The Greek diaspora (ελληνική διασπορά elliniki diaspora) is a term used to refer to the communities of Greek people living outside of the traditional Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Modern Greek Art is the term used to describe Greek art during the period between the emergence of the new independent Greek state and the 20th century

Sculpture and Painting

19th century

The School of Munich

Main article: Munich School

Bavarian village Georgios Jakobides

The starting period of Modern Greek Art coincided with Romanticism. The Munich School ( Σχολή του Μονάχου) or Academic realism is the most important artistic movement of Greek Art in the 19th century with Modern Greek Art is the term used to describe Greek art during the period between the emergence of the new independent Greek state and the 20th century Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Greek artists absorbed many elements from their European colleagues resulting to the culmination of the distinctive style of Greek Romanticist art which was inspired by revolutionary ideals as well as the geography and History of the country. After centuries of Ottoman rule though, few opportunities existed in Greece itself, immediately after independence, so studying abroad was imperative for artists. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Munich,was an important international center for the arts and is the place where the majority of the Greek artists of 19th century have chosen to study. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Later on, they would return back to Greece, where they would transmit their experience. Some of them remained in Munich, the so called Athens on the Isar. The Isar is a river in Tirol, Austria and Bavaria, Germany. Its source is in the Karwendel range of the Alps in Tirol Both academic and personal bonds developed between early Greek painters and Munich artistry giving birth to the Greek "Munich School" of painting. Nikolaos Gysis was an important teacher and artist at the Munich Academy and he soon became a leading figure among Greek artists. Nicholaos Gysis (Greek 1 March 1842 -1901 is considered one of Greece 's most important nineteenth century painters and is most famous for his work The Academy of Fine Arts Munich ( German: Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, also known as Munich Academy) was founded 1808 by Maximilian Academism, realism, genre painting, upper middle class portraiture, still life and landscape painting, often representing impressionist features, will be replaced in the end of 19th century by symbolism, Jugendstil, Art Nouveau, which are mainly traced in the work of Nikolaos Gysis, Aristeas and others ^[2]. A portrait is a painting, photograph, Sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person in which the face and its expression is predominant This article is about Still Life (or still lifes as plural the art form For the art of designing external spaces see Landscape architecture. Impressionism was a 19th-century Art movement that began as a loose association of Paris -based Artists exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar "Symbolic" redirects here For other uses see Symbolism (disambiguation and Symbolic (disambiguation. Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international Nicholaos Gysis (Greek 1 March 1842 -1901 is considered one of Greece 's most important nineteenth century painters and is most famous for his work Aristeas was a semi- Legendary Greek Poet and miracle-worker, a native of Proconnesus in Asia Minor, active ca Early 20th century modernism is also represented by significant Greek artists in Munich. Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Many of these Munich School artists were drawing their subjects by everyday Greek life, local customs, and living conditions. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Several important painters emerge at this time. Theodoros Vryzakis specialized in historical painting and especially inspired by the 1821 Greek War of Independence. Theodoros Vryzakis (circa 1814-1878 was a major Greek painter of the 19th century Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829 also commonly known as the Greek Revolution (Ελληνική Επανάσταση Elliniki Epanastasi; Ottoman Nikiphoros Lytras concentrated on realistic depictions of Greek life. Nikiphoros Lytras (1832-1904 was a nineteenth century Greek painter born in Tinos, and trained in Athens at the School of Arts Georgios Jakobides devoted his attention to infants and children and he later he would become the first curator of the new National Gallery of Athens. Georgios Jakobides' (Γεώργιος Ιακωβίδης Lesbos 11 Jan 1853 - Athens 13 Dec 1932) was a Greek The National Art Gallery and Alexander Soutzos Museum ( Ethniki Pinakothiki (Εθνική Πινακοθήκη is an art museum in Athens devoted to modern Greek Konstantinos Volanakis was inspired mostly by the Greek sea^[3]. Konstantinos Volanakis (Κωνσταντίνος Βολανάκης ή Βολονάκης (b Other notable artists that belonged to the School of Munich were Symeon Sabbides, Gianoulis Chalepas, as well as quite a few modernist artists who studied in Munich, among which were Theofrastos Triantafyllidis, Jorgos Busianis, and also Giorgio de Chirico. Giorgio de Chirico ( July 10, 1888 &ndash November 20, 1978) was an influential pre-Surrealist and then Surrealist ^[4].

Pericles Pantazis Summer day at the river (1880)

The School of Paris

A few Greek painters studied in Paris, rather than Munich. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Residing in the French capital, and despite following the guide-lines of the French Art Academy, gave their own interpretation to the perception of things. Jacob Rizos was involved with the rendering of female grace, Theodoros Rallis with scenes from the Orthodox East and Nikolaos Xydias Typaldos with portraiture, still life and genre painting. Nikolaos Xydias Typaldos (1826-1909 was a Greek painter. Born in Kefallonia, he studied in Italy and in Paris at the Ecole During this period in Paris the avant garde Impressionist movement developed, but most Greek painters remained faithful to the precepts of their teachers with only some nebulous thrusts in the direction of this movement. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Impressionism was a 19th-century Art movement that began as a loose association of Paris -based Artists exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s The first Greek impressionist was Pericles Pantazis who, after Paris, settled in Belgium and became a part of the avant-garde group Circle de la pâte. Périclès Pantazis ( Athens, 1849&ndash1884 was a major Greek Impressionist painter of the 19th century that gained a great reputation as an artist initially The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard

Themes-artistic depictions

Many Greek artists of this period also drew upon El Greco's style for inspiration, particularly when creating art based on religious themes. El Greco' ("The Greek " 1541 &ndash April 7 1614 was a painter, sculptor, and architect of the Spanish Renaissance This tied in with the idea of modern secular Greek art of the period referencing more classical styles, while religious art referenced Byzantine, or Byzantine inspired art. Moreover, an important and often pioneering role was played by artists from Ionian islands in the century and the beginning of the 19th century, who exploited conquests of the Italian Renaissance and baroque ateliers. This article is about the group of islands west of Greece For the ancient region in western Anatolia see Ionia. 18 ( eighteen) is the Natural number following 17 and preceding 19. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc As efforts persisted with new directions and objectives, Greek artists emerging in the world during the first decades of the 19th century reconnected Greek art with its ancient tradition, as well as with the quests of the European ateliers, especially those of the Munich School, with defining examples of the Greek contemporary art of the period including the works of Theodoros Vryzakis and Nikiphoros Lytras. The Munich School ( Σχολή του Μονάχου) or Academic realism is the most important artistic movement of Greek Art in the 19th century with Theodoros Vryzakis (circa 1814-1878 was a major Greek painter of the 19th century Nikiphoros Lytras (1832-1904 was a nineteenth century Greek painter born in Tinos, and trained in Athens at the School of Arts

20th century

Nikiphoros Lytras, "The blowing up of the Nasuh Ali Pasha's flagship by Kanaris", Nikiphoros Lytras

At the beginning of the 20th century landscape painting held sway and the interest of painters turned toward the study of light and color^[5]. Nikiphoros Lytras (1832-1904 was a nineteenth century Greek painter born in Tinos, and trained in Athens at the School of Arts The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The dependence ïn Munich stackened and Paris became the pole of attraction for the artists of the period. In the early twentieth century Demetrios Galanis, a contemporary and friend of Picasso, achieved wide recognition in France and lifelong membership of the Academie Francaise following his acclaim by the critic Andre Malreaux as an artist capable "of stirring emotions as powerful as those of Giotto". The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Demetrios Galanis (1880-1966 was an early twentieth century Greek Artist and contemporary and friend of Picasso. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. L'Académie française, or the French Academy, is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. André Malraux (3 November 1901 – 23 November 1976 was a French Author, adventurer and Statesman, and a dominant figure in French politics and culture Later in the century Nikos Engonopoulos achieved international recognition with his surrealist conceptions both of painting and poetry, while in the late 1960s Dimitris Mytaras and Yiannis Psychopedis became associated with European critical realism. Nikos Engonopoulos ( October 21, 1907 &ndash October 31, 1985) was a modern Greek painter and poet. Dimitris Mytaras is a Greek artist born in 1934 and is considered one of the important Greek painters of the 20th century Yannis Psychopedis is one of the main Greek exponents of artistic Critical Realism, an art movement that developed in Europe after the political and In the Philosophy of perception, critical realism is the theory that some of our Sense-data (for example those of primary qualities can and do accurately represent Impressionism was the original influence ïn the leading figures of the art of the first half of the 20th century, Konstantinos Parthenis and Konstantinos Maleas, while Nikiphoros Lytras associated himself with the avant-garde groups of Munich constituting the last known link with the series of painters in the great tradition of Munich in Greek art . The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Konstantinos Parthenis ( 10 May 1878 – 25 July 1967) was a distinguished Greek painter. Konstantinos Maleas (Κωνσταντίνος Μαλέας ( Constantinople, 1879 - Athens, 1928 was one of the most important Post-impressionist Greek Nikiphoros Lytras (1832-1904 was a nineteenth century Greek painter born in Tinos, and trained in Athens at the School of Arts Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. The further development of these painters led to other roads, but always within the framework of the avantgarde movement albeit with a Greek dimension.

Gradually the impressionists and other modern schools increased their influence. Impressionism was a 19th-century Art movement that began as a loose association of Paris -based Artists exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s In the early 20th century Greek artists turned from Munich to Paris. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The interest of Greek painters, artists changes from historical representations to Greek landscapes with an emphasis on light and colours so abundant in Greece. Representatives of this artistic change are Konstantinos Parthenis, Konstantinos Maleas, Nikiphoros Lytras and Georgios Bouzianis. Konstantinos Parthenis ( 10 May 1878 – 25 July 1967) was a distinguished Greek painter. Konstantinos Maleas (Κωνσταντίνος Μαλέας ( Constantinople, 1879 - Athens, 1928 was one of the most important Post-impressionist Greek Nikiphoros Lytras (1832-1904 was a nineteenth century Greek painter born in Tinos, and trained in Athens at the School of Arts George Bouzianis (Greek ( Athens, 1885-1959 was a major Greek Expressionist painter Konstantinos Parthenis, in particular, introduces historical, religious and mythological elements that allow the classification of Greek painting into modern art. Konstantinos Parthenis ( 10 May 1878 – 25 July 1967) was a distinguished Greek painter. History of Modern art Roots in the 19th century Although modern Sculpture and Architecture are reckoned to have emerged at the end of the nineteenth The same is true with the landscapes of Konstantinos Maleas and the expressionism of Georgios Bouzianis. Konstantinos Maleas (Κωνσταντίνος Μαλέας ( Constantinople, 1879 - Athens, 1928 was one of the most important Post-impressionist Greek George Bouzianis (Greek ( Athens, 1885-1959 was a major Greek Expressionist painter The period of 1930’s was a landmark for the Greek painters, with Yiannis Tsarouchis, Yiannis Moralis, Nikos Hadjikyriakos-Ghikas, Spyros Vassileiou, Alekos Kontopoulos (introduced abstraction in Greek paintings) and Spyros Papaloukas coming into the limelight of Greek Art. Yannis Tsarouchis ( 13 January 1910 -1989 was a Greek painter. Yiannis Moralis ( Greek: Γιάννης Μόραλης, also transliterated Yannis Moralis or Giannis Moralis) (1916 -) is an important Nikos Hadjikyriakos-Ghikas (in Greek Νίκος Χατζηκυριάκος – Γκίκας) ( February 26, 1906 – September 3, 1994 These painters tried mainly to link leading European trends with Greek tradition^[6].

Notable 20th century artists

Ηistoria (Allegory of History) Nkolaus Gysis (1892)

The second half of the 20th century has seen many widely acclaimed Greek artists such as Constantine Andreou, recipient of the French Legion D'Honneur, Thodoros Papadimitriou, an internationally acclaimed sculptor. Constantine Andreou (Also Costas Andreou, Kostas Andreou; French: Constantin Andréou, Costas Andréou; Greek: Thodoros Papadimitriou (Greek Θεόδωρος Παπαδημητρίου b Giorgio de Chirico was an influential pre-Surrealist Greek-Italian painter that founded Metaphysical art. Giorgio de Chirico ( July 10, 1888 &ndash November 20, 1978) was an influential pre-Surrealist and then Surrealist Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Metaphysical art (Pittura metafisica is the name of an Italian Art movement, created by Giorgio de Chirico and Carlo Carrà. Jannis Kounellis ranks among the pioneers of the Arte Povera artistic movement. Jannis Kounellis was born in 1936 in Piraeus, Greece.He studied at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Rome. The term Arte Povera (Italian for "Poor Art" was introduced by the Italian Art critic and Curator, Germano Celant, in 1967 Theodoros Stamos was a renowned abstract expressionism painter. Biography Theodoros Stamos (1922-1997 was one of the original and youngest Abstract Expressionist artists working in New York City in the Abstract expressionism was an American post– World War II Art movement. Takis, Chrysa and Constantin Xenakis are internationally acclaimed artists of Kinetic sculpture. Vassilakis Takis (born October 25, 1925) is a notable Artist living in Greece. Constantin Xenakis (Κωνσταντίνος Ξενάκης was born in Cairo, Egypt, on 28 December 1931. Kinetic art is art that contains moving parts or depends on motion for its effect Other notable Greek artists are Hermon di Giovanno, Varotsos, Dimitris Mytaras , Fassianos, Theocharis Mores, Steven Antonakos, Kostas Tsoklis, Nikos Hadjikyriakos-Ghikas ^[7]. Hermon di Giovanno (born Hermolaus Ionides, Greek: Ερμόλαος Panayiotis Varotsos (Παναγιώτης Βαρώτσος is a Greek physicist (b Dimitris Mytaras is a Greek artist born in 1934 and is considered one of the important Greek painters of the 20th century Alekos Fassianos (Αλέκος Φασσιανός born in 1935 is a renowned Greek painter Theocharis Mores ( 4 February 1927 – 1992 was a Greek painter Nikos Hadjikyriakos-Ghikas (in Greek Νίκος Χατζηκυριάκος – Γκίκας) ( February 26, 1906 – September 3, 1994

Contemporary Greek Art

Main article: Contemporary Greek Art

Konstantinos Volanakis, Out of the Port	Nikolaus Gyzis, The Meal. Contemporary Greek Art is defined as the art produced by Greek artists after World War II. Konstantinos Volanakis (Κωνσταντίνος Βολανάκης ή Βολονάκης (b Nicholaos Gysis (Greek 1 March 1842 -1901 is considered one of Greece 's most important nineteenth century painters and is most famous for his work	Nikiphoros Lytras, Self portrait. Nikiphoros Lytras (1832-1904 was a nineteenth century Greek painter born in Tinos, and trained in Athens at the School of Arts	Nikolaus Gyzis, The Girl. Nicholaos Gysis (Greek 1 March 1842 -1901 is considered one of Greece 's most important nineteenth century painters and is most famous for his work
Theodoros Rallis, Praying before the Communion.	El Greco, Count Orgasz's Funeral. El Greco' ("The Greek " 1541 &ndash April 7 1614 was a painter, sculptor, and architect of the Spanish Renaissance	Theodoros Vryzakis, Epanastasi. Theodoros Vryzakis (circa 1814-1878 was a major Greek painter of the 19th century	Theodoros Rallis, Child hiding behind Egyptian Statue.
Nikolaus Gyzis, Secret School. Nicholaos Gysis (Greek 1 March 1842 -1901 is considered one of Greece 's most important nineteenth century painters and is most famous for his work	Nikiphoros Lytras, Man in a hat. Nikiphoros Lytras (1832-1904 was a nineteenth century Greek painter born in Tinos, and trained in Athens at the School of Arts

Cinema

Main article: Greek cinema

Dance

Main article: Greek dances

Literature

Main article: Greek literature

Music

Main article: Music of Greece

See also

• Culture of Greece
• Greek Art
• Art in ancient Greece
• Byzantine art
• National Gallery of Athens

External links

• National Gallery of Athens official website

References