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Mitteleuropa, as the territory that belonged before 1918 to the German Empire, Congress Poland, Switzerland and Austria-Hungary (excepting the territories located south of the Danube-Sava-Krkva-Soča-line, who are located in Southeastern Europe)
Mitteleuropa, as the territory that belonged before 1918 to the German Empire, Congress Poland, Switzerland and Austria-Hungary (excepting the territories located south of the Danube-Sava-Krkva-Soča-line, who are located in Southeastern Europe)

Mitteleuropa (Central/Middle Europe) is a German term equal to Central Europe. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and [1] In Germany and Austria, the term usually refers to the territory covered by the modern states of:

It also includes regions that were part of Austria-Hungary and Baltic and western regions of the Russian Empire:

Before the First World War, this part of Europe was divided between the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the German Empire, and the Russian Empire. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya

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Mitteleuropa in World War I

Outside of Germany, the concept of Mitteleuropa may be best known for that policy of the Central Powers during World War I which assumed the creation of several buffer states in Central Europe, conquered from Imperial Russia and commonly viewed as puppet states. The Central Powers ( German: "Mittelmächte" Hungarian: "Központi hatalmak" Turkish: "İttifak World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A buffer state is a Country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers, which by its sheer existence is thought to prevent conflict between them Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya A puppet state is a State that is nominally independent but in reality under the control of another power One of Germany's war aims in World War I was to create an economic sphere of German domination in Central Europe. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All By their creation and economic exploitation growing dissent among German population could be answered, and resources to fight the war on the Western Front could be used more efficiently. Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914 the German army opened the Western Front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining

The policy was realized after signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in which Russia ceded most of the areas occupied by Germany and Austria-Hungary to the respective countries. Not to be confused with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (February 9 1918, a similar treaty involving Ukraine and the Central Powers. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. On the area ceded to the Central Powers, the following political entities were to be located:

Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Poland liberated themselves, after the collapse of Imperial Germany and Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I. The Kingdom of Lithuania was a short lived Constitutional monarchy created towards the end of the First World War when Lithuania was under German occupation The Belarusian People's Republic (Белару́ская Наро́дная Рэспу́бліка bʲeɫa'ruskaja na'rodnaja rɛs'publʲika translit The Kingdom of Poland, also informally called Regency Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Regencyjne was the state proposed by the Act of November 5, 1916 issued The Kingdom of Finland was a short-lived attempt following Finnish independence from Russia to establish Prince Frederick of Hesse as the Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region The Ukrainian People's Republic (Українська Народна Республіка Ukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika; also translated as the Ukrainian National The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Soon they gained international recognition and participated in signing of the Versailles Treaty as members of the Entente. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. The Triple Entente (" entente " — French for "agreement" was the name given to the loose alignment of the United Kingdom, the The other two (Belarus and Ukraine) were taken over by the Russian SFSR and became Republics of the Soviet Union. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The Republics of the Soviet Union were according to the Article 76 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, Sovereign Soviet Socialist states that had united with other And important part of the plan was annexation of tens of thousands of square kilometers of territories from which the native inhabitants, mainly Poles, Jews and Lithuanians would be ethnically cleansed to make room for German colonists. From Poland alone, Germany wanted to annex circa [2] and expel around 2. 000. 000 people. The remaining puppet states would serve as quasi-colonial possessions where Germany industry would exploit resources and workers. Additionally the ruling class would be composed of German minority, which the German planners hoped, would one day dominate the population, and allow the states to be absorbed into German Empire as its provinces[2] [3]

Germany and Austria-Hungary's claims to the lands of "Mitteleuropa" in World War I and success in attaining them in 1918, would lay the foundation of the concept of Lebensraum (living space) by the Nazi regime years later. ( German for " habitat " or literally "living space" served as a major motivation for Nazi Germany 's territorial aggression Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers

See also

References

  1. ^ http://dict.leo.org/ende?lp=ende&lang=de&searchLoc=0&cmpType=relaxed&sectHdr=on&spellToler=on&search=Mitteleuropa&relink=on
  2. ^ a b DEVASTATED POLAND Frederick Walcott National Geographic, May 1917[1]
  3. ^ Imannuel Geiss, Der polnische Grenzstreifen 1914-1918. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The location of the geographical centre of Europe depends on the definition of the borders of Europe, mainly whether remote islands are included to define the Extreme The League of East European States (osteuropäischer Staatenbund - was a political idea conceived during World War I for the establishment of a Buffer state People's Republic (rarely Popular Republic) is a title that is often used by Marxist-Leninist Governments to describe their State. Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Kriegszielpolitik im Ersten Weltkrieg, Hamburg/Lübeck 1960

Further reading

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