| Miskito Coastal Creole | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Nicaragua | |
| Total speakers: | < 30,000 | |
| Language family: | Creole language English Creole Atlantic Western Miskito Coastal Creole | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | none | |
| ISO 639-3: | bzk
| |
Mískito Coast Creole or Nicaragua Creole English is a language spoken in Nicaragua based on English. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable Language that originates seemingly as a nativized Pidgin. An English-based creole language, or English creole for short is a Creole language that was significantly influenced by the English language. ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Its approximately 30,000 speakers are found along the Mosquito Coast of the Caribbean Sea. The Caribbean Mosquito Coast (or Miskito Coast) historically consisted of an area along the Atlantic coast of present-day Nicaragua, named after its native For the region see Caribbean. The Caribbean Sea (kəˈrɪbiən or /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ is a tropical Sea in the Western Hemisphere [1] The language is nearly identical to Belizean Creole (Kriol), and similar to all Central American Creoles. Belizean Creole, known as Kriol by its speakers is a Creole language closely related to Miskito Coastal Creole, Limón Coastal Creole, It does not have the status of an official language.
Geographic distribution
Speakers of Miskito Coast Creole are primarily persons of African, Amerindian, and European descent in the towns and on the offshore islands of the Mosquito Coast. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. The main concentration of speakers is around Bluefields, capital of the Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur, although a majority of inhabitants of the city are now Spanish-speaking immigrants. Bluefields is the capital of the Municipality of the same name and of R Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur ( Spanish for "Autonomous Region of the Southern Atlantic" sometimes shortened to RAAS is one of two Autonomous regions
Other communities of Creoles are found in Waspán on the Coco River near Cape Gracias a Dios, in Laguna de Perlas, Puerto Cabezas, the offshore Corn Islands, Prinzapolka (Puerto Isabel), and San Juan del Norte (Greytown). For the languages see Creole language. For other meanings see Creole (disambiguation. Waspam ( Waspan in Miskito) is a Municipality in the Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte department of Nicaragua. The Río Coco, formerly known as the Río Segovia is a river in southern Honduras and northern Nicaragua. Cabo Gracias a Dios is a cape located in the middle of the east coast of Central America, within what is variously called the Mosquito Coast and La Pearl Lagoon' is a Town in the Municipality by the same name It is located in Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur (RAAS department Puerto Cabezas ( Bilwi in Miskito) is a Municipality in the North Atlantic Coast department ( Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte The Corn Islands (Las Islas del Maíz are two Islands about 70 km east off the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua, constituting one of 12 municipalities of the Prinzapolka is a Municipality in the Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte department of Nicaragua. San Juan de Nicaragua, formerly known as San Juan del Norte and known in English as Greytown, is a town and Municipality in the Río San Juan Inland, the language is spoken in Siuna, Rosita, and Bonanza on the Prinzapolka River. Siuna is a Municipality in the Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte department of Nicaragua. Rosita is a Municipality in the Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte department of Nicaragua. Bonanza is a Municipality in the Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte department of Nicaragua. On the Pacific coast, there are small numbers of speakers in Corinto, Puerto Sandino, and the Nicaraguan capital of Managua. Corinto is a town of 17000 (1995 population on the northwest Pacific coast of Nicaragua in the department of Chinandega. Puerto Sandino is a coastal town in western Nicaragua. It is located at around. Managua is the Capital city of Nicaragua as well as the department and municipality by the same name
Rama Cay Creole is a variety of the language spoken by the Rama people on Rama Cay, an island in the Bluefields Lagoon. Rama Cay Creole is a Creole language spoken by some 8-900 people on the island of Rama Cay in eastern Nicaragua. The Rama are an indigenous people of Nicaragua. The 900 ethnic Rama live within a thirty mile radius of the Rama Cay island on the Caribbean Rama Cay is an island in the Bluefields Lagoon on the eastern coast of Nicaragua.
| Location | Number of speakers |
|---|---|
| Bluefields | 11,258 |
| Corn Islands | 3,030 |
| Pearl Lagoon | 1,285 |
| Puerto Cabezas | 1,733 |
| Other locations | 8,417 |
| Total | 25,723 |
History
African slaves were shipwrecked on the Mosquito Coast as early as 1640 and interaction between them and the local Miskito population commenced. Bluefields is the capital of the Municipality of the same name and of R The Corn Islands (Las Islas del Maíz are two Islands about 70 km east off the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua, constituting one of 12 municipalities of the Pearl Lagoon' is a Town in the Municipality by the same name It is located in Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur (RAAS department Puerto Cabezas ( Bilwi in Miskito) is a Municipality in the North Atlantic Coast department ( Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte The Miskitos are a group of Native Americans in Central America. Larger numbers of Africans from Jamaica enslaved by British owners were settled in the area during the 1700s which led to the development of Miskito Coastal Creole. Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. The Coast was officially under British protection from 1740 to 1787 according to the Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Miskito Kingdom and remained under British influence until the late 19th century. In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect The Treaty of Friendship and Alliance was signed on March 16, 1740 between King Edward I of the Miskito Nation and the British. The Miskitos are a group of Native Americans in Central America. In the mid-1800s, more English- or Creole-speaking laborers, primarily from Jamaica, were brought to the Coast as labourers.
However, following the 1894 formal annexation of the Miskito Kingdom by Nicaragua, an increasing number of Spanish speakers migrated to the area. The 1987 Constitution of Nicaragua granted autonomy to the Zelaya Department as two autonomous regions of the North and South Atlantic Coasts. The Constitution of Nicaragua was reformed due to a negotiation of the executive and legislative branches in 1995. Zelaya is a former department in Nicaragua. The capital was Bluefields. Nicaragua is a unitary Republic. For administrative purposes it is divided into 15 departments ( departamentos) and two self-governing regions Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte ( Spanish for "Autonomous Region of the Northern Atlantic" sometimes shortened to RAAN is one of two Autonomous regions Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur ( Spanish for "Autonomous Region of the Southern Atlantic" sometimes shortened to RAAS is one of two Autonomous regions Autonomous status has allowed for the promotion and development of the languages of the Caribbean Coast and, as of 1992, there was education in English and Spanish, as well as education in Indigenous languages. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)
Notes
- ^ Nicaragua Creole English Ethnologue report
- ^ Chalres R. Ethnologue Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics a Christian Hale and Edmund T. Gordon. 1987. "Costeno Demography: Historical and Contemporary Demography of Nicaragua’s Atlantic Coast: An Historical Overview. " In CIDCA 1987. Cited in Ken Decker and Andy Keener. "A Report on the English-Lexifier Creole of Nicaragua, also known as Miskito Coast Creole, with special reference to Bluefields and the Corn Islands. " Summer Institute of Linguistics. February 1998.
References
- Ken Decker and Andy Keener. "A Report on the English-Lexifier Creole of Nicaragua, also known as Miskito Coast Creole, with special reference to Bluefields and the Corn Islands. " Summer Institute of Linguistics. February 1998.
- Nicaragua Creole English Ethnologue report
See also
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic