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Minister of State is a title borne by politicians or officials in certain countries governed under a parliamentary system. A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which In some countries a "minister of state" is a junior minister, who is assigned to assist a specific cabinet minister. A minister or a secretary is a Politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional Government. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. In others countries a "minister of state" is a holder of a more senior position, such as a cabinet minister or even a head of government. This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State

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High government ranks

In several national traditions, the title is reserved for government members of cabinet rank, often a formal distinction within it, or even its chief.

Minor government ranks

In various other nations, especially in former members of the British Empire, it is a junior rank, often subordinated to a cabinet member. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power.

Subnational office

In the republic of Burma, the title was used for the Chief ministers of the following autonomous states, from 1947/48 till the abolition of that autonomy in 1962: Arakan State (Rakhine), Chin state, Karen State (Kayin), Kayah State (Karenni), Kachin State and Shan state

Other use

Netherlands and Belgium

In the Netherlands (Minister van Staat in Dutch) and Belgium (also Ministre d'État in French), Minister of State is a title of honour awarded formally by the Monarch, but on the initiative of the government. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Rakhine State ( formerly Arakan) is a state of Myanmar. Situated the western coast it is bordered by Chin State in the north Chin State Chin State is the land (segregated in Myanmar where Zomi (or Laimis are commonly begun from. Kayin State is an administrative division of Myanmar and also known as Karen State Kayah State (also called Karenni State) is a state of Myanmar. Kachin State ( Jingphaw Mungdaw) is the northernmost state of Burma. Shan State is an administrative division of Myanmar (Burma, which takes its name from the Shan people, one of several ethnic groups that inhabit the area The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Honor or Honour (see spelling differences) (the latter directly from the Latin word honos honoris) is the evaluation of a person's It is given on a personal basis, for life rather than for a specified period. The title is granted for exceptional merits, generally to senior politicians at the end of their party career. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Ministers of state are often former cabinet members or party leaders. Ministers of State advise the Sovereign in delicate situations, with moral authority but without formal competence.

Ancien Régime France

In France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, the title "Ministre d'État" had a specific designation. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Ancien Régime ( pronounced: /ɑ̃sjɛ̃ ʁeʒim/ refers primarily to the aristocratic social and political system established in Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814 the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne The title first appeared under Louis XIII. For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) The "ministres d'État", appointed by lettres patentes, attended meetings of the Conseil du Roi (which would later become the Conseil d'État). Letters patent are a type of Legal instrument in the form of an Open letter issued by a Monarch or Government, granting an office right The Conseil du Roi or King's Council is a general term for the administrative and governmental apparatus around the king of France during the Ancien Régime This article is about the present-day French institution For institutions with the same name during the Ancien Régime in France see Conseil du Roi. From 1661 on — at the start of Louis XIV's "personal reign" — the king called whomever he wished to his Council; invitations were only good for one session and needed to be renewed as long as the individual retained the king's confidence. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent However, having attended one session of the Council gave the person the right to be called "ministre d'État" for life, and also gave him the right to an annual life pension of roughly 20,000 livres. The livre tournois (" Tours pound " was one of numerous currencies used in France in the Middle Ages; and a money of There were few "ministres d'État" at Council meetings (between three or four during the reign of Louis XIV); they also attended the "Conseil des Dépêches" (the "Counsel of Messages", concerning notices and administrative reports from the provinces).

Suppressed during the French Revolution, the title "ministre d'État" reappeared during the Bourbon Restoration as essentially an honorary title given (not systematically) to Ministers after their demission or their departure from office; refusal on behalf of the King to award this title to a demissioned Minister was seen as an affront. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814 the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne

British diplomacy

From 28 January 1944, the last two British Ministers Resident in the Middle East, concerned with former British protectorate Egypt, were styled Ministers of State in the Middle East

Sources and references

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