A minister-president (German: Ministerpräsident) is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments, who presides over the council of ministers. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State It is an alternative term for Prime Minister or First Minister, and very similar to the title of President of the Council. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. The term First Minister refers to the leader of a Cabinet. Canada In Canada, "First Ministers" is a collective term that refers to all Canadian The official Title President of the Council of Ministers is used to describe the Head of government of the states of Italy and Poland, and formerly
The German word means "president of the ministers", therefore, "Ministers' President" would be a more literal translation.
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Austria
From 1867 to 1918, the first minister of the government was known as Ministerpräsident, before that Staatskanzler. Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Today the head of government is called the Bundeskanzler (Federal Chancellor). The Chancellor of Austria (in German: Bundeskanzler) is the Head of government in Austria. The governor of a state is called Landeshauptmann (male) or Landeshauptfrau (female), not Ministerpräsident/-in. A Landeshauptmann ( German for "state captain" literally 'country headman' plural Landeshauptleute or Landeshauptmänner as in Styria till 1861 A Landeshauptmann ( German for "state captain" literally 'country headman' plural Landeshauptleute or Landeshauptmänner as in Styria till 1861
See: List of Ministers-President of Austria. The Minister-President was the head of government of Austria from 1821 to 1918
Belgium
The term is also used in Belgium, to describe the head of government of a Belgian region or linguistic community. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Belgium is a federal state comprising three communities, three regions, and four language areas.
According to the Belgian constitution, the federal prime minister of Belgium is appointed by the king, and approved by federal parliament with a vote of confidence (in practice the king usually appoints the leader of the winning party as "formateur" to form a government). The Constitution of Belgium dates back to 1831 Since then Belgium has been a Parliamentary monarchy that applies the principles of Ministerial The federal ministers later swear an oath of allegiance to the king. The ministers-president of the states are not appointed by the king, but directly by the state parliaments. State ministers are not requierd to swear allegiance to the king but simply take an oath in the state parliaments.
See:
- List of Ministers-President of the Brussels-Capital Region
- List of Ministers-President of Flanders
- List of Ministers-President of the French Community
- List of Ministers-President of the Walloon Region
- List of Ministers-President of the German-speaking Community
Germany
The Ministerpräsident is the head of government of a German state; the office corresponds to the governorship of a state in the United States. The Minister-President of Flanders is the Head of government of the Flemish region and community which is a federal state of Belgium. The Minister-President of the French Community is the head of the Government of the French Community of Belgium. This is the list of Ministers-President ( Prime ministers of the Walloon Region, one of the three regions of Belgium. This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Since the German language reflects the gender in the nouns, the female version of Ministerpräsident would be Ministerpräsidentin. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The correct form of address for men is "Herr Ministerpräsident" and for women "Frau Ministerpräsidentin".
There is some confusion about the correct English translation, the Ministerpräsident/-in is either known as "Minister-President" or "Prime Minister". Edmund Rüdiger Stoiber ( (born September 28, 1941) is a German politician, former Minister-president of the state English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States (ex. Prime Minister of Brandenburg [1], Prime Minister of Lower Saxony [2]). The title can be translated as "Minister President", "Minister-President", or "(State) Premier".
Generally the constitutional position of a Minister-President in a state is very similar to the one of chancellor on the federal level. The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler He is elected by a majority in the state-parliament (Landtag), appoints the state-ministers and determines the policy guidelines. A Landtag ( Diet) is a representative assembly or Parliament in German-speaking countries with some legislative authority He also, along with several of his ministers, represents the state in the Bundesrat, the German Federal Council. The Bundesrat ("federal council" or "upper house of German parliament" is the representation of the 16 Federal States ( Bundesländer) of Through this, they can be very powerful within the federal structure.
An agreement between the parties CDU and CSU, which leaves the state of Bavaria to the CSU while the CDU operates in all other states, puts the Ministerpräsident of Bavaria in a special position. The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Due to the agreement the Bavarian CSU is present in the Bundestag, the federal parliament, on its own. The Bundestag ("Federal Diet " or "Lower House of German Parliament" is the Parliament of Germany. Since Bavaria's Minister-President is (usually) also head of the CSU, he has a small, but significant additional influence in the federal parliament.
Note: All heads of the Länder governments are called Ministerpräsident/-in, with the exceptions of the city-states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg. A city-state is a Region controlled exclusively by a City, usually having Sovereignty. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (German Freie Hansestadt Bremen) is the smallest of Germany's 16 Federal States ( Bundesländer) Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany There the heads of state government are called Regierender Bürgermeister (Governing Mayor) of Berlin, Bürgermeister und Präsident des Senats (Mayor and President of the Senate) of Bremen, and Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) of Hamburg. They hold the same power and position as the other Ministers-President.
The Netherlands
In the Netherlands the prime minister is officially referred to as "minister-president", though normally "premier" is used. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands His responsibilities are defined in the constitution of 1848 (president of the council of ministers). Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The title of minister-president is officially in use since 1945. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar
Norway
In Norway, Vidkun Quisling, head of the government from 1942 to 1945 during the German occupation in World War II, held the title of Minister-President (in Norwegian, ministerpresident). Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling (18 July 1887 – 24 October 1945 was a Norwegian army Officer and politician For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Belligerent military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory passes to a hostile army. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
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