Miniature wargaming is a form of wargaming designed to incorporate miniatures or figurines into play. A wargame is a Game that simulates or represents a Military operation. For the indie band see Figurine (band A figurine (a diminutive form of the word Figure) is a Statuette that represents The miniatures are used to represent troops or vehicles (such as tanks, chariots, aircraft, ships, etc. ). The games may reflect historical situations and armies, or may be futuristic or fantasy-based.

Contents 1 General overview 1.1 Scale 2 Rulesets 2.1 Role-playing games 2.2 Naval wargames 2.3 Air wargames 3 Community and culture 3.1 Notable miniature wargame organizations 3.2 Notable miniature wargamers and miniature wargame designers 4 References 5 See also 6 External links

General overview

Miniature wargaming is a recreational hobby where players simulate a battle, which is played out using small figurines to represent the land, sea and/or air units involved. Many miniatures games are played on a floor or tabletop, with terrain represented by miniature scenery (hills, forests, roads, fences, etc. ). Movement of the miniatures is regulated using a tape measure. A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible form of Ruler. However, like boardgames, miniature games can also be played using gridded terrain (demarcated into squares or hexagons) or even gameboards. A board game is a Game in which counters or pieces that are placed on removed from or moved across a "board" (a premarked surface usually specific to that game Classification A square (regular Quadrilateral) is a special case of a Rectangle as it has four right angles and equal parallel sides Regular hexagon The internal Angles of a regular hexagon (one where all sides and all angles are equal are all 120 ° and the hexagon has 720 degrees

One of the main reasons for playing miniature wargames, in both these respects, is because it offers players more freedom of play and a more aesthetically pleasing tactical element over traditional games or computer games. Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called Military tactics ( Greek: Taktikē, the art of organizing an army are the techniques for using weapons or military units in combination for engaging and defeating In computer and video games, a traditional game is a Computer program adaptation of a non-computer game (such as a Board game or Card game A personal computer Game (also known as a computer game or simply PC game) is a Video game played on a Personal computer, rather ^[2] Additionally, many hobbyists enjoy the challenge of painting miniatures and constructing scenery. A hobby is a spare-time Recreational pursuit Etymology A Hobby horse is a wooden or Wickerwork toy made to be In many ways, miniature wargaming may be seen as combining many of the aesthetics of tabletop train modeling with an open strategy game predominantly, though not exclusively, with a military theme. Model railroading (US or Railway modelling (UK Australia and Canada is a Hobby in which Rail transport systems are modeled at a reduced scale A strategy game is a Game (eg computer, video or Board game) in which the players' decision-making skills have a high significance A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking There is also a large social component to wargames as very often games are played with several participants on a side. ^[2]

The miniatures and scenery used vary greatly in scale, from 2mm figures up to 32mm or larger. The miniature figures are typically plastic or metal and are often sold unpainted. Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across Scenery is often home-made, and figures are painted by the players, who will sometimes even "convert" shop-bought figures to better represent the units they are trying to depict. Miniature conversion refers to the practice of altering the appearance of a miniature or model so as to deviate from the standard version purchased in a boxed set ^[3][4][5]

There are any number of sets of miniature wargaming rules, some of which are available without charge on the Internet. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Scenarios may depict actual historical situations and battles, or they may be hypothetical "what if?" situations. A hypothesis (from Greek) consists either of a suggested explanation for a phenomenon (an event that is observable or of a reasoned proposal suggesting a possible There are also fantasy and science fiction games with attendant wizards, spacecraft and other genres. A magician, wizard, sorcerer or a person known under one of many other possible terms in fiction is someone who uses or practices magic A spacecraft is a Vehicle or machine designed for Spaceflight. Rules also vary in the scale they depict: one figure to one soldier is the most common for fantasy and some historical rules, but many historical systems presume that one figure represents a platoon, regiment or even larger formations on the tabletop. A platoon is a military unit typically composed of two to four sections or Squads and containing about 30 to 50 soldiers A regiment is a Military unit, composed of a variable number of Battalions – commanded by a Colonel.

Generally, these games are turn based strategy, like chess. A turn-based strategy ( TBS) game is a Strategy game (usually some type of wargame, especially a strategic-level wargame that is Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players.

Scale

Main article: Miniature figure (gaming)

Scale is generally expressed as the approximate height of a humanoid figure from base of foot to eyeline (though some count to top of head - hence the possible confusion) in millimeters, this is sometimes referred to as the Barret Scale, as opposed to the ratio values used in scale modeling.

Popular sizes and roughly equivalent scale ratios

mm	54	45	28	25	20	15	10	6
scale	1:32	1:35	1:64	1:72	1:76	1:100	1:200	1:300

For more detailed information on common scales see miniature scale. A miniature figure (also known as a miniature or just a mini) is a small Figurine commonly used in miniature wargames such as Heroclix The naval wargaming branch of the hobby almost exclusively uses ratios. Naval wargaming is a branch of the wider hobby of Miniature wargaming.

"O" (1:48), "HO" (1:87), and "N" (1:160) scale are popular among model railroad hobbyists. Some model railroad scales are close enough to the smaller-scale figures to provide usable structures and/or vehicles, possibly requiring some modification. Some wargamers use card model structures because of their economy and the ease of scaling them to appropriate sizes, and many wargamers scratchbuild their structures. Scratch building is the process of building a Scale model from raw materials rather than building it from a commercial kit Kitbashing or buying it pre-assembled

Part of the reason for the profusion of miniature sizes is the need for manufacturers to differentiate themselves in what is a niche market. A niche market is a focused targetable portion (subset of a market This results in what has been termed 'scale creep' where miniatures listed in a catalogue may be identified by a measurement, but in reality may vary significantly from that advertised size. This is to encourage the purchaser into brand loyalty based on the aesthetic desire to maintain a look of uniformity on the tabletop. Brand loyalty, in marketing consists of a consumer's commitment to repurchase the Brand and can be demonstrated by repeated buying of a product or service or other positive

Over the years the size of new miniatures has tended to increase. For example, 25 mm figures from the 70s are visibly smaller than the 25 mm figures today. Some can even be used alongside modern 20 mm figures. Currently most manufacturers and gamers refer to 25 mm figures as 28 mm figures, since they are so much bigger than the earlier 25 mm figures. Some figures are still being called 25 mm, even if by the foot to eyeline ratio they should be 30 mm or bigger.

A players choice of which scale to use is a direct reflection of the scope of the game to be played. For historical games, 15 mm seems to be the most popular scale, because it is small enough to allow for large battles. ^[2] Smaller scaled miniatures are typically mounted in groups and moved as groups. This creates the visual effect of a large mass of combatants, allowing games simulating platoon, company, battalion, and even corps level actions. A platoon is a military unit typically composed of two to four sections or Squads and containing about 30 to 50 soldiers A company is a Military unit, typically consisting of 75-200 Soldiers Most companies are formed of three to five Platoons although the exact number may vary A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel This article is about a military unit For alternative meanings see Corps (disambiguation. In these cases, the miniatures are often mounted on trays, or bases, for ease of mass movement. ^[2]

Larger scaled figures (primarily 25 mm and up) tend to be used in skirmish games where the single miniature represents a single man/animal/vehicle. Skirmishers are Infantry or Cavalry Soldiers stationed ahead or alongside of a larger body of friendly troops This is because, although scales in this region provide greater detail that is easier to paint, their higher cost limits the size of battles that might be recreated. ^[2] Games of this scale that are not mounted on trays (and thus not locked in block formation) tend to offer greater flexibility of movement. ^[6]

The perceived and agreed ratios of representative models to represented 'real world' objects are generally explicitly stated. This is particularly true of rules systems that claim some form of historical authority, whereas a minority of rules sets do not state any representative scale.

Rulesets

Main article: List of miniature wargames

There are many miniature wargaming rulesets, not all of which are currently in print, including some which are available free on the internet. Miniature wargames are a form of Wargaming designed to incorporate miniatures or Figurines into play which was invented at the beginning Most rulesets are intended for a specific historical period or fictional genre. Rules also vary in the model scale they use: one infantry figure may represent one man, one squad, or much larger numbers of actual troops.

Wargaming in general owes its origins to military simulations, most famously to the Prussian staff training system Kriegsspiel. A wargame is a Game that simulates or represents a Military operation. Simulation is the imitation of some real thing state of affairs or process Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Consequently, rules designers struggle with the perceived obligation to actually 'simulate' something, and with the seldom compatible necessity to make an enjoyable 'game'. Historical battles were seldom fair or even, and the potential detail that can be brought to bear to represent this in a set of rules always comes at the cost of pace of the game and enjoyment. In Osprey Publishing's book about the Battle of Crécy, from its series on historical campaigns, there is included a detailed section on wargaming the battle, in which Stuart Asquith writes:

“

When refighting a particular battle, it is important to adhere as closely as possible to the original historical engagement. Osprey Publishing is an Oxford (UK-based book publisher specializing in military history The counter-argument is that the wargamer(s) know who is going to win. Fair comment, but knowing the outcome of any battle does not usually prevent one from reading about that action, so why should such knowledge debar a refight?[7]

”

He adds that unless at least the initial moves are recreated, "then an interesting medieval battle may well take place, but it will not be a re-creation of Crécy. "^[7] Still, rules aimed at the non-professional hobby market therefore inevitably contain abstractions. It is generally in the area of the abstraction liberties taken by the designers that the differences between rules can be found. Most follow tried and true conventions to the extent that a chess player would recognise wargaming merely as a different scaled version of his or her own game. Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players.

Role-playing games

Main article: Role-playing game

During the 1960s and 1970s, two new trends in wargaming emerged: First were small-unit rules sets which allowed individual players to portray small units down to even a single figure. A role-playing game ( RPG; often roleplaying game) is a Game in which the participants assume the roles of Fictional characters. These rules expanded the abilities of the smaller units accordingly, to magnify their effect on the overall battle.

Second was an interest in fantasy miniatures wargaming. J.R.R. Tolkien's novel The Hobbit and his epic cycle The Lord of the Rings were gaining strong interest in the United States, and as a result, rules were quickly developed to play medieval and Roman-era wargames, where these eras had previously been largely ignored in favor of Napoleonic and Civil War gaming. The Hobbit or There and Back Again is an award-winning fantasy The Lord of the Rings is an epic Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South

The two converged in a set of miniatures rules entitled Chainmail, published by a tiny company called Guidon Games, headquartered in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. Chainmail is a Medieval miniatures wargame created by Jeff Perren and Gary Gygax. Guidon Games produced board games and rulebooks for Wargaming with miniatures, and in doing so influenced Tactical Studies Rules (later TSR Inc Lake Geneva is a city in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. Later, in 1974, TSR designer E. Gary Gygax wrote a set of rules for individual characters under Chainmail, and entitled it Dungeons & Dragons. TSR Inc was an American game publishing company most famous for publishing the Dungeons & Dragons Role-playing game. Ernest Gary Gygax ( July 27, 1938 &ndash March 4, 2008) ( IPA:) was an American Writer and Game designer Dungeons & Dragons (abbreviated as D&D or DnD) is a Fantasy Role-playing game (RPG originally designed by Further developments ensued, and the role-playing game hobby quickly became distinct from the wargaming hobby which preceded it, developments which are not within the scope of this article. A role-playing game ( RPG; often roleplaying game) is a Game in which the participants assume the roles of Fictional characters.

Naval wargames

Main article: Naval wargaming

Although generally less popular than wargames set on land, naval wargaming nevertheless enjoys a degree of support around the world. Naval wargaming is a branch of the wider hobby of Miniature wargaming. Model ships have long been used for wargaming, but it was the introduction of elaborate rules in the early 20th century that made the hobby more popular. This article is concerned primarily with static models For operating models see Model yachting or Radio-controlled boat, Ship models or Small miniature ships, often in 1:1200 scale and 1:1250 scale, were manoeuvred on large playing surfaces to recreate historical battles. Prior to World War II, firms such as Bassett-Lowke in England and the German company Wiking marketed these to the public. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Bassett-Lowke was a toy company based in Northampton, England founded by Wenman Joseph Bassett-Lowke in 1898 or 1899 that specialized in Model railways England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Wiking is a German manufacturer of Scale models in HO scale and N scale for Model trains They specialize in models of cars and trucks dating ^[8][9] After World War II, several manufacturers started business in Germany, which remains the center of production to this day,^[10] while other companies started in England and the United States.

Rules can vary greatly between game systems; both in complexity and era. Historical rulesets range from the ancient and medieval ships to the fleets of the Age of Sail and the modern era. The Age of Sail was the period in which International trade and Naval warfare were dominated by Sailing Ships lasting from the 16th to the mid The term modern period or modern era (sometimes also modern times) is the period of history that followed the Middle Ages between c Often the hobbyists have to provide their own scale models of ships. The 1972 game, Don't Give Up The Ship!, called for pencil and paper, six-sided dice, rulers and protractors, and model ships, ideally of 1:1200 scale. Don't Give Up the Ship! is a set of rules for conducting Napoleonic era naval wargames. In Geometry, a protractor is a circular or semicircular tool for measuring an Angle or a Circle. The elaborate rules cover morale, sinking, fires, broken masts, and boarding. Boarding, in its simplest sense refers to the insertion onto a ship's deck of people Dice determined wind speed and direction, and hence the ship's speed and the use of its cannon by measuring angles with the protractor. | NOTE Throughout this article "cannon" is used as BOTH the || singular and plural ^[11]

In naval wargaming of the modern period, General Quarters, primarily (though not exclusively) using six-sided dice, has established itself as one of the leading sets of World War I and II era rules. General Quarters is a set of Naval wargaming rules written by Lonnie Gill ^[12]

Each model for the now out-of-print fantasy game Man O' War, set in the realm of Warhammer Fantasy, had a corresponding template to record damage, crew levels, and outbreaks of fire, among other bookkeeping activities. Out of print refers to an item typically a book (see Out of print books) but can include any print or visual media or Sound recording, that is no longer being published Man O' War (sometimes also written as “Manowar” is a now Out-of-print table top war game by Games Workshop. Warhammer Fantasy is a Fantasy setting created by Games Workshop, in which many games of that company are set the best known ones being Warhammer In this regard, the game mechanics proved some limiting factors. Some land-based miniature wargames have also been adapted to naval wargaming. All at Sea, for example, is an adaptation of The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game rules for naval conflicts. The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game (abbreviated as LotR SBG often referred to by players as Lord of the Rings, is a tabletop miniature wargame produced The game's mechanics centred around boarding parties, with options for ramming actions and siege engines. A naval ram was a weapon carried by varied types of ships dating back to antiquity A siege engine is a device that is designed to Break or circumvent City walls and other Fortifications in Siege warfare. ^[13] As such, the ship's scale ratio corresponds to the 25 mm scale miniatures used by The Lord of the Rings. Model ships are built by hobbyists, just as normal miniature terrain, such as "great ships" of Pelargir, cogs of Dol Amroth and Corsair galleys. A carrack or nau was a three- or four- masted Sailing ship developed in the Atlantic Ocean in the 15th century by the Portuguese Gondor is a fictional kingdom in J R R Tolkien 's writings described as the greatest realm of Men in the west of Middle-earth by the end of the Cogs (or cog-built vessels are ships that first appeared in the 10th century, and were widely used from around the 12th century on Edhellond During the Second Age the region had a port used by Elves to return to their home in Valinor, in the land of Aman in the far west The Corsairs of Umbar were a fleet of Men of Umbar in J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth legendarium, allied to Sauron in Galleys redirects here For other uses see Galley (disambiguation. ^[14]

Air wargames

Main article: Air wargaming

Air wargaming, like naval wargaming, is a smaller niche within the larger hobby of miniatures wargaming. Air wargaming, like Naval wargaming, is a niche specialism within the wider Miniatures wargaming hobby Aerial combat has developed over a relatively short time compared with naval or land warfare. As such, air wargaming tends to break down into three broad periods:

• World War I - from the earliest air combat to the 1920s
• World War II - 1930s to the early 1950s
• "Modern" - the missile age

In addition there are science fiction and "alternative history" games such as Aeronefs and those in the Crimson Skies universe. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Crimson Skies is a Media franchise and Fictional universe created by Jordan Weisman and Dave McCoy

Community and culture

Miniature games tend to be more social than do other forms of commercial wargames, and very often games are played with several participants on a side. ^[2] This manifests itself in wargame organisations, conventions, community websites and other social events. Some conventions have become very large affairs, such as Games Workshop's Games Day and the Historical Miniatures Gaming Society's Historicon, called the "mother of all wargaming conventions". The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game or Lord of the Rings SBG rather than Lord of the Rings when Games Day is a yearly run convention sponsored by Games Workshop. The Historical Miniatures Gaming Society (or HMGS promotes the hobby of historical Miniature wargaming as a registered non-profit charitable and educational foundation Historicon is the largest Gaming convention in North America devoted to historical Miniature wargaming. ^[2] Sometimes the wargamer stereotypes are parodied, such as in "Wargamers, a spotters guide" and the comic strip "Larry Leadhead". A comic strip is a sequence of drawings that tells a story Currently in the Western world, most comic strips are written and drawn by a Comics artist ^[15][16]

Notable miniature wargame organizations

• International Wargames Federation (IWF) promotes historical wargaming competitions between players or teams from different countries. The International Wargames Federation, which was founded by the Derby Wargames Club and Mind Sports South Africa in 1991. [1]
• Historical Miniatures Gaming Society (HMGS) is the collective name for several regional miniature wargaming societies/organizations. The Historical Miniatures Gaming Society (or HMGS promotes the hobby of historical Miniature wargaming as a registered non-profit charitable and educational foundation Each HMGS chapter holds its own wargaming conventions. The largest group, HMGS East, holds three major conventions: Cold Wars, Historicon, and Fall In!. Cold Wars is one of the largest Gaming conventions in North America devoted to historical Miniature wargaming. Historicon is the largest Gaming convention in North America devoted to historical Miniature wargaming. This article is about the gaming convention For the bugle call see Fall in. HMGS East also supports several smaller conventions. There are chapters of HMGS in most regions of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [2].
• Johnny Reb Gaming Society - the leading international gaming society devoted exclusively to wargaming the American Civil War; publishes the quarterly CHARGE! newsletter for members of the society. Johnny Reb Gaming Society is the leading international society for the hobby of Miniature wargaming of the American Civil War. CHARGE! is a Miniature wargaming newsletter / Fanzine published quarterly by the Johnny Reb Gaming Society, headquartered in
• Wargame Developments (WD) was founded by game designer and author Paddy Griffith in 1980, and is an international group dedicated to developing all types of wargames. It publishes a journal, The Nugget, nine times per year and holds an annual 3-day long conference - COW (The Conference of Wargamers) - every July.
• Mind Sports South Africa started as the South African Wargames Union in 1980. It was the first wargaming body to have wargames recognised as a sport in the same way as which chess is so recognised. As a result South African teams were awarded Springbok Colours (1991 - 1994) and Protea Colours (1995 to date).
• The British Historical Games Society (BHGS) promotes historical wargaming in Britain, holding events including tournaments periodically.
• The War Gaming Society (WGS) was founded in May 1975. The Joaquin Valley War Gaming Association (SJVWGA), founded in 1972 by Jack Scruby, Ray Jackson and other miniature wargamers, is a subdivision of the War Gaming Society. John Edwin "Jack" Scruby (1916 - September 1988 was a manufacturer of military miniatures whose efforts led to a rebirth of the Miniature wargaming hobby in the late
• The Pike & Shot Society promotes wargaming based on the "Pike and shot" period (c. The Pike and Shot Society is an international organisation promoting the study of the military history of the Renaissance and Early Modern world Pike and shot is a historical method of infantry combat and also refers to an era of European warfare generally considered to cover the period from the Italian Wars (fought 1500-1700), publishing a journal called The Arquebusier. [3]
• The Society of Ancients, founded in the '60's, promoting ancient wargaming and historical research through Slingshot, the society journal.
• Warhammer Player's Society. Dedicated to all versions (Fantasy, Ancients and Science-Fiction) of Warhammer [4]
• Society of Twentieth-Century Wargamers. (SOTCW) covers all periods 1900 - present [land, sea or air] the society has a magazine, The Journal, which is produced quarterly. [5]
• Society of Fantasy and Science Fiction Wargamers (SFSFW). The Society of Fantasy and Science Fiction Wargamers (SFSFW is an international body established to promoting the fantasy and science fiction genre within the table top wargaming hobby For fantastical and future, including retro-future, wargames. Publishers of Ragnarok magazine. The Society of Fantasy and Science Fiction Wargamers (SFSFW is an international body established to promoting the fantasy and science fiction genre within the table top wargaming hobby [6]
• Naval Wargames Society. The Naval Wargames Society (NWS is interested in all forms and scales of maritime wargaming, and has been so for more 30 years The NWS is an international society devoted to the advancement of naval wargames, publishing a quarterly journal, Battlefleet. [7]

Notable miniature wargamers and miniature wargame designers

• H.G. Wells - Known as the "Father of Miniature Wargaming" and author of the miniature wargaming classic Little Wars. Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 &ndash 13 August 1946 He was an outspoken socialist and a pacifist, his later works becoming increasingly political Little Wars was written by the famous author H G Wells in 1913 and is a set of rules for playing with Toy soldiers Its full title is Little ^[17]
• Jack Scruby - The "Father of Modern Miniature Wargaming". John Edwin "Jack" Scruby (1916 - September 1988 was a manufacturer of military miniatures whose efforts led to a rebirth of the Miniature wargaming hobby in the late ^[18] Popularised modern miniature wargaming and organised perhaps the first miniatures convention in 1956. Jack Scruby was also a manufacturer of military miniatures whose efforts led to a rebirth of the miniature wargaming hobby in the late 1950s.
• Gary Gygax - Co-creator of Dungeons & Dragons and a number of miniature wargames. Ernest Gary Gygax ( July 27, 1938 &ndash March 4, 2008) ( IPA:) was an American Writer and Game designer Dungeons & Dragons (abbreviated as D&D or DnD) is a Fantasy Role-playing game (RPG originally designed by
• Duke Seifried - Sculptor of over 10,000 miniatures, one of the earliest American miniature manufacturers: Heritage, Custom Cast, Der Kreigspielers Napoleonic, and Fantastiques Fantasy Figures.
• Charles Grant - Author and founder member of the UK wargaming scene in the 60's. Charles Grant was a game industry author who helped popularize the hobby of tabletop wargaming. Helped popularise miniature wargaming.
• Donald Featherstone - A respected military historian,^[19] introduced to the hobby in 1955. Donald F Featherstone (born 20 March 1918) is a British author of books on Wargaming and military history ^[20] Since then, he was one of the most prolific authors on the subject, and very influential in the development of the hobby.
• Fletcher Pratt - Science fiction writer (often in collaboration with L. Sprague de Camp) and originator of a popular set of rules for naval miniature wargaming. Murray Fletcher Pratt (1897–1956 was a Science fiction and Fantasy Writer; he was also well-known as a writer on Naval history and on the Lyon Sprague de Camp, ( November 27 1907 – November 6 2000) was an American science fiction and fantasy author
• Walter ("Wally") Simon - One of the original founders of the Historical Miniature Gaming Society. First President of HMGS and Organizer of the Potomac Wargamers, publisher of the PW Review.
• Dick Bryant - Co-founder with Wally Simon of HMGS and editor since 1969 of The Courier Miniature Wargaming Magazine. His editorial in that magazine castigating GAMA for choosing cardboard counters as "The Best New Historical Miniature" started the search for an organization that supported and promulgated the hobby of Historical Miniature Wargaming that resulted in the "Meeting in Wally's Basement" that was the initialization of HMGS. The Game Manufacturers Association ( GAMA) is a Non-profit Trade association based in Columbus Ohio, dedicated to the advancement of the non-electronic
• David Waxtel - Publisher of over 20 sets of rules, and supplement books, including Died for Glory, Fire & Fury, Tactica, Spearhead, Crossfire, and Armarti. Crossfire (commonly abbreviated as CF) is a tabletop miniatures wargame designed by Arty Conliffe and first published in 1996 later supplemented Known to put on an epic game at conventions.
• George Gush - Noted for A Guide to Wargaming (1980) as well as the WRG Renaissance Rules and the book Renaissance Armies. George Gush (as of 1980) was the head of the History section of West Kent College 's " Social and Academic Studies Department" and is
• John Hill - Known for his classic Squad Leader and other Avalon Hill board games, also the author of the popular Johnny Reb miniatures rules. John Hill is a prolific American designer of military wargames, as well as rules for Miniature wargaming such as Johnny Reb 3. Squad Leader is a tactical level Board wargame originally published by Avalon Hill in 1977. Avalon Hill was a game company that specialized in Wargames and strategic Board games.
• Raymond ("Ray") James Jackson - Author of Classic Napoleonics, an "Old School" set of miniature wargame rules which have been in existence since 1961. Chairman and CEO of both HMGS-West and the War Gaming Society. A miniature wargamer since 1958.
• Frank Chadwick - Author of the Command Decision and Volley & Bayonet rules, Space: 1889 and Traveller, and co-founder of Game Designers' Workshop. Frank Chadwick is a game designer He co-founded Game Designers' Workshop in 1973. Space 1889 is a Role-playing game of Victorian-era space-faringcreated by Frank Chadwick and originally published by Game Designers' Traveller is a series of related Science fiction Role-playing games the first published in 1977 by Game Designers' Workshop and subsequent editions Game Designers' Workshop (GDW was a Wargame and Role-playing game publisher from 1973 to 1996.
• Phil Barker - Founder of the Wargames Research Group, and inventor of the De Bellis Antiquitatis game series. The Wargames Research Group (WRG is a British publisher of rules and reference material for Miniature wargaming. De Bellis Antiquitatis or DBA is a fast play set of rules for the hobby of historical Miniature wargaming, particularly ancient and medieval
• Arty Conliffe - Designer of Armati, Crossfire, Spearhead, Shako and Tactica rules. Crossfire (commonly abbreviated as CF) is a tabletop miniatures wargame designed by Arty Conliffe and first published in 1996 later supplemented
• Bob Jones - Founder of Piquet and designer of the Piquet wargame series. Bob Jones may refer to Bob Jones Sr, Christian evangelist who founded Bob Jones University Bob Jones Jr
• Brigadier Peter Young, DSO, MC - Highly decorated World War II commando leader, commander of the 9th Regiment of the Arab Legion, founder of the Sealed Knot English Civil War reenactment society, Reader of Military History at Sandhurst, author of several books on military history, also author of Charge! Or How to Play Wargames and The War Game: Ten Great Battles Recreated from History. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In Military science, the term commando can refer to an individual a Military unit, or a raiding style of military operation. The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst ( RMAS) commonly known simply as Sandhurst, is the British Army officer initial training centre
• Phil Dunn - Founder of the Naval Wargames Society and author of Sea Battle Games. The Naval Wargames Society (NWS is interested in all forms and scales of maritime wargaming, and has been so for more 30 years
• John McEwan - Creator of the first science fiction ground combat miniatures game Starguard! in 1974 along with over 200 figures and models for this game.
• Tony Bath - Author and veteran wargamer, founding member of the Society of Ancinets, best known as umpire of the one of the longest running and well known of all wargames campaigns, set in the fictional land of Hyboria.
• David Manley - Author of many sets of naval rules including Action Stations, Fire When Ready, Iron and Fire, Bulldogs Away, and Form Line of Battle, as well as numerous articles and technical papers on naval wargaming, history, and warship design. David Manley is a United Kingdom -based wargamer and one of the leading members of the Naval wargaming hobby having authored over 50 articles on naval wargaming and
• Scott Mingus - founder of the international Johnny Reb Gaming Society and one of the world's most prolific authors of American Civil War scenario books. Johnny Reb Gaming Society is the leading international society for the hobby of Miniature wargaming of the American Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South
• Neville Dickinson - One of the original members of the UK wargaming scene and founder of Miniature Figurines, the first firm in the UK to popularise metal miniatures.
• Larry Brom- designer of The Sword and The Flame, one of the most popular colonial era wargames. The Sword and The Flame is a Wargame based on British Colonial wars (in particular the Anglo-Zulu War) and more generally a set
• Andy Chambers - Known for his work in rules design and revision for Games Workshop Inc. Andy Chambers is a British author and game designer best known for his work for Games Workshop. and Mongoose Publishing. Notable games he helped develop include Warhammer 40,000 and Starship Troopers: The Miniatures Game. Warhammer 40000 (informally known as Warhammer 40K or just 40K) is a tabletop miniature wargame in a Science For the novel by Robert A Heinlein see Starship Troopers In 2005, Mongoose Publishing, a gaming company based in the United Kingdom, released
• Rick Priestley - co-creator/co-author of Warhammer, author Warhammer 40,000 and a host of other game credits. Rick Priestley is a game designer for Games Workshop. Priestley was one of the original designers of Games Workshop 's Warhammer, along with Associated primarily with Games Workshop and Citadel but earlier work incuded co-authoring the seminal fantasy wargame rulebook Reaper.

References

• David Nicolle & Stuart Asquith, Crécy 1346: Triumph of the longbow, Osprey Publishing Paperback; June 25 2000; ISBN: 9781855329669
• Sadler, John (2006). David Nicolle is an Historian specialising in the Military history of the Middle Ages, with a particular interest in the Middle East. Osprey Publishing is an Oxford (UK-based book publisher specializing in military history John Sadler is a British Historian specialising in the Anglo-Scottish Border conflicts during the Middle Ages. Flodden 1513: Scotland's greatest defeat (Campaign 168). Osprey Publishing. Osprey Publishing is an Oxford (UK-based book publisher specializing in military history ISBN 9781841769592.  

See also

• Simulation game
• Nation-simulation game
• Grand strategy
• Fantasy wargame
• Tabletop game
  • List of miniature wargames
  • List of wargame publishers
  • Scale model
• Computer and video games
• Computer-assisted gaming

External links

• What is wargaming? History and discussion of wargaming and miniature wargaming. A simulation game is a Game that contains a mixture of skill, chance, and strategy to simulate an aspect of reality such as a Stock A government simulation or political simulation is a game that attempts to simulate the government and politics of all or part of a nation Grand strategy is military Strategy at the level of movement and use of an entire Nation state or Empire 's resources A fantasy wargame is a Wargame that involves a fantastical setting, and employs rules for items such as magic and non-human intelligent creatures Tabletop game is a general term used to refer to Board games Card games Dice games Miniatures wargames Tile-based games and other Miniature wargames are a form of Wargaming designed to incorporate miniatures or Figurines into play which was invented at the beginning List of wargame publishers is an index of commercial companies that publish wargames. A scale model is a representation or copy of an object that is larger or smaller than the actual size of the object. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. Computer-assisted gaming (or CAG refers to games which are at least partially computerized but which are actively regulated by a human referee
• The Miniatures Page Internet community for miniature wargaming.
• Wargaminglinks.com A frequently updated index of interesting miniature wargaming articles and websites, focusing primarily on Games Workshop products.
• MiniatureWargaming.ComAn index of miniature wargaming articles and wargames websites, updated daily. It focuses primarily on historical wargames.

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic