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Mineral oil or liquid petrolatum is a by-product in the distillation of petroleum to produce gasoline. Petroleum jelly, petrolatum or soft paraffin is a Semi-solid mixture of Hydrocarbons (with Carbon numbers mainly higher than 25 A by-product is a secondary or incidental product deriving from a Manufacturing process a Chemical reaction or a biochemical pathway and is not the primary product Distillation is a method of separating Mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit It is a transparent, colorless oil composed mainly of alkanes (typically 15 to 40 carbons) [1] and cyclic paraffins, related to white petrolatum. In Optics, transparency (also called pellucidity) is the Material property of allowing Black-and-white is a number of Monochrome forms in Visual arts. Alkanes, also known as Paraffins are Chemical compounds that consist only of the elements Carbon (C and Hydrogen (H (i In chemistry paraffin is the common name for the Alkane Hydrocarbons with the general formula C n H2 n +2 Petroleum jelly, petrolatum or soft paraffin is a Semi-solid mixture of Hydrocarbons (with Carbon numbers mainly higher than 25 It has a density of around 0. 8 g/cm3. [2]. Mineral oil is a substance of relatively low value, and it is produced in very large quantities. Mineral oil is available in light and heavy grades, and can often be found in drug stores.

There are three basic classes of mineral oils:

Contents

Applications

Due to its low price and ubiquitous supply, mineral oil has been pressed into service in a wide variety of capacities. Naphthenic oil is a type of Mineral oil. In contrast with paraffinic oils naphthenic oils contain only low to no proportion of n - Alkanes being Cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, especially if from Petroleum sources are types of Alkanes which have one or more rings of Carbon Atoms An essential oil is a concentrated Hydrophobic Liquid containing volatile Aroma compounds from Plants They are also known as volatile Most of these exploit its properties as a low-toxicity, non-reactive general purpose lubricant and coolant. A lubricant (sometimes referred to as a "Lube" is a substance (often a liquid introduced between two moving surfaces to reduce the Friction between them improving A coolant is a fluid which flows through a device in order to prevent its overheating transferring the heat produced by the device to other devices that utilize or dissipate it

Medicine

Mineral paraffinic oil is sometimes taken orally as a laxative. Laxatives (or purgatives) are foods compounds or drugs taken to induce bowel movements or to loosen the stool most often taken to treat Constipation. It lubricates feces and intestinal mucous membranes, and limits the amount of water removed from feces. Feces, faeces, or fæces (see spelling differences) is a waste product from an animal's digestive tract expelled through the Anus The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin covered in Epithelium, which are involved in Typically, mineral oil is effective within as little as six hours. While it has been reported that mineral oil may be absorbed when emulsified, most information shows that it passes harmlessly through the gastrointestinal system.

If used at all, mineral oil should never be given internally to young children, pets, or anyone with a cough, hiatus hernia, or nocturnal reflux, and should be swallowed with care. A hiatus hernia or hiatal hernia is the protrusion (or Herniation) of the upper part of the Stomach into the Thorax through a tear or weakness Due to its low density, it is easily aspirated into the lungs, where it cannot be removed by the body and can cause serious complications such as lipoid pneumonia. Chemical pneumonitis is inflammation of the lung caused by irritation from aspirated Vomitus or barium used in gastro-intestinal imaging ingested Gasoline or [3] While popular as a folk remedy, there are many safer alternatives available. In children, if aspirated, the oil can work to prevent normal breathing, resulting in death of brain cells and permanent paralysis and/or retardation. Paralysed redirects here For other uses see xx Paralysed (disambiguation Paralysis is the complete loss of Muscle function

Mineral oil with added fragrance is marketed as baby oil in the US, UK and Canada. While baby oil is primarily marketed as a generic skin ointment, other applications exist in common use. It is best to use this oil on infant "diaper rashes" to ease the inflammation, and allow absorption into the epiditimitousary level of the skin. Mineral or baby oil is often used in small quantities (2–3 drops daily) to clean ears. Over a couple of weeks, the mineral oil softens dried or hardened earwax so that a gentle flush of water can remove it. In the case of a damaged or perforated eardrum, however, mineral oil should not be used, as oil in the middle ear can lead to ear infections. Rupture or perforation (hole of the Eardrum can occur in Infection, trauma (e It is also a recommended way of removing an insect from the ear of a human. A few drops drowns the bug, which can then be easily removed.

Mineral oil is used as suspending and levigating agent in sulphur-based ointments.

Veterinary medicine

Certain mineral oils are used in livestock vaccines, as an adjuvant to stimulate a cell-mediated immune response to the vaccinating agent. In the poultry industry, plain mineral oil can also be swabbed onto the feet of chickens infected with scaly mites on the shank, toes, and webs. Mineral oil suffocates these tiny parasites. In beekeeping, food grade mineral oil saturated paper napkins placed in hives are used as a treatment for tracheal and other mites.

Cosmetics

Mineral oil is a commonly-found ingredient in baby lotions, cold creams, ointments and low-grade cosmetics as an alternative to more expensive oils. According to some sources, use of mineral oil cosmetics commonly leads to acne. It can be used on eyelashes to prevent brittleness and/or breaking and, in cold cream, is also used to remove creme makeup and temporary tattoos. An eyelash or simply lash is one of the hairs that grow at the edge of the Eyelid. Cold cream is an Emulsion of water and certain fats usually including Beeswax and various scent agents designed to smooth skin and remove makeup

Mechanical and industrial

Mineral oil is used in a variety of industrial/mechanical capacities as a non-conductive lubricant. Refined mineral oil is used as transformer oil. Transformer oil is usually a highly- refined Mineral oil that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties Electric space heaters sometimes use it as a heat-transfer oil, and it can be used generically as a coolant in electric components as it does not conduct electricity.

Because it does not absorb water from the air, mineral oil can be used as an automotive, aviation, and bicycle brake fluid. Brake fluid is a type of Hydraulic fluid used in Hydraulic brake applications in Motorcycles Automobiles Light trucks and some advanced

Light mineral oil is also used in textile industries and used as a jute batching oil. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Jute is a long soft shiny Vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse strong threads

Preservative

Since it does not absorb atmospheric moisture, mineral oil is useful as a protective coating or bath for water-sensitive materials. Alkali metals like Lithium are often submerged in mineral oil for storage or transportation. Trends The alkali metals show a number of trends when moving down the group - for instance decreasing electronegativity increasing reactivity and decreasing melting and boiling Lithium (ˈlɪθiəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Li and Atomic number 3

Mineral oil is also often used as a coating on metal tools and weapons, knives in particular, as a way to inhibit oxidation. Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state Nihonto, for example, are traditionally coated in Choji oil which consists of 99% mineral oil and 1% oil of cloves. A Japanese sword, or, is one of the traditional bladed weapons of Japan. Oil of cloves, also known as Clove oil, is an Essential oil from the Clove plant Syzygium aromaticum. The use of oil of cloves is sometimes explained as a means of differentiating sword oil from cooking oil to prevent accidental ingestion, but may also be purely aesthetic.

Mineral oil can be used as a leather conditioner as well, though most shoe polishes use naphtha, lanolin, turpentine and Carnauba wax instead. Naphtha normally refers to a number of different flammable liquid mixtures of hydrocarbons i Lanolin, also called Adeps Lanae, wool wax, wool fat, anhydrous wool fat or wool grease, is a greasy yellow substance secreted by Turpentine (also called spirit of turpentine oil of turpentine wood turpentine gum turpentine is a fluid obtained by the Distillation of Resin obtained from trees Carnauba is a Wax derived from the leaves of the Carnauba palm ( Copernicia prunifera) a plant native to and grown only in the northeastern Brazilian

Food preparation

Mineral oil's ability to prevent water absorption, combined with its lack of flavor and odor, make it a popular preservative for wooden cutting boards and utensils. A cutting board is a durable board used to place material on to be cut This is a list of food preparation utensils some of what is known as Kitchenware. Rubbing a small amount of mineral oil into a wooden cutting board periodically will prevent absorption of food odors and ease cleaning, as well as maintaining the integrity of the wood, which is otherwise subjected to repeated wetting and drying in the course of use.

It is occasionally used in the food industry (particularly for candy). In this application, it is typically used for the glossy effect it produces, and to prevent the candy pieces from adhering to each other. Some studies suggest that prolonged use might be unhealthy because of low accumulation levels in organs. It has been discouraged for use in children's foods, though it is still occasionally found in candies in China and Canada.

It can be used as a release agent for baking pans and trays, but food oils like vegetable oil are a more popular choice.

Cleaning

Mineral oil can be used to clean heavier oil stains by diluting and liquefying the other oils, rendering the oils more accessible to detergents. A detergent (as a noun is a material intended to assist Cleaning. Likewise, it can be employed to "de-gum", to remove adhesive residue left by price tags or adhesive tape. It can be used as a cleaner and solvent for inks in fine art printmaking as well as in oil painting, though turpentine is more often used. Turpentine (also called spirit of turpentine oil of turpentine wood turpentine gum turpentine is a fluid obtained by the Distillation of Resin obtained from trees

Mineral oil is also used in some guitar string cleaners, since it can help mobilize dirt and oil without contributing to the oxidization of the metal strings.

Mineral oil can leave a residue, which is undesirable in some applications.

Firespinning

Mineral oil is the main fuel used by professional firespinners and firebreathers. Fire dancing (also known as " fire twirling," " fire spinning," " fire performance," or " fire manipulation Safety While not a difficult skill to learn initially it is the most dangerous of all the fire arts and not just due to the obvious risk of serious burns It is chosen for its high flashpoint and low burning temperature. The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest Temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture in air As a firebreathing fuel it is ideal because it will not tend to burn as a liquid, due to the high flashpoint, thus preventing blowback.

Miscellaneous

Mineral oil's ubiquity has led to its use in some niche applications as well.

Other names

The broad range of applications for mineral oil has resulted in an equally expansive list of application-specific names and trade brands. Other names for mineral oil include:

References

  1. ^ [1], efsa. For the mechanical technology see Hydraulic machinery and Hydraulic cylinder Hydraulics is a topic of science and Engineering In chemistry paraffin is the common name for the Alkane Hydrocarbons with the general formula C n H2 n +2 In chemistry paraffin is the common name for the Alkane Hydrocarbons with the general formula C n H2 n +2 Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit europa. eu
  2. ^ Mechanical properties of materials. Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants. National Physical Laboratory. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
  3. ^ [2], personalmd. com

Dictionary

mineral oil

-noun

  1. any mixture of aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons derived from petroleum used for very many applications, but not as a fuel
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