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- For the mountain formation, see Minarets (California). A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Islamic architecture has encompassed a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day influencing the design and construction A mihrab (محراب pl محاريب is a niche in the wall of a Mosque that indicates the Qibla, that is the direction of the Kaaba A minbar ( Arabic: منبر also spelt mimbar) is a Pulpit in the Mosque where the Imam (leader of prayer stands to deliver sermons Architectural styles classify Architecture in terms of Form, techniques, Materials, time period region etc The Sudano-Sahelian is an Architectural style common in the Sahel. An iwan (إيوان eyvān) is defined as a vaulted hall or space walled on three sides with one end entirely open The Other or constitutive other (also referred to as othering) is a key concept in Continental philosophy, opposed to the Same Conversion of non-Muslim houses of worship into mosques began during the life of Muhammad and continued during subsequent Islamic conquests and under the Muslim Qadam Rasul (also Qadam Rasul Allah) (English Footprint of the Prophet) are Shrines and Mosques that contain stones believed to bear the A list of 'famous' Mosques around the World: Africa See also List of mosques in Africa Asia This is a list of Mosques in Africa. This is a list of Mosques in Europe. See also List of mosques (outside of Europe List of mosques in Great This is a List of Mosques in the United States of America. See also Islam in the United States List of For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Minarets are a series of jagged peaks located in the Ritter Range, a sub-range of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in the state of California.
Minarets (Arabic manara (lighthouse) منارة, but more usually مئذنة) are distinctive architectural features of Islamic mosques. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Minarets are generally tall spires with onion-shaped crowns, usually either free standing or much taller than any surrounding support structure. An onion dome (Russian луковичная глава lúkovichnaya glava) is a type of unioform architectural Dome seen across Eastern Europe and often associated
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Functions of Minaret
As well as providing a visual cue to a Muslim community, the call to prayer is traditionally given from the top of the minaret. In some of the oldest mosques, such as the Great Mosque of Damascus, minarets originally served as watchtowers illuminated by torches (hence the derivation of the word from the Arabic nur, meaning "light"). The Grand Mosque of Damascus, also known as the Ummayad Mosque' ( Arabic: جامع بني أمية الكبير transl In more recent times, the main function of the minaret was to provide a vantage point from which the muezzin can call out the adhan, calling the faithful to prayer. The muezzin (via Turkish müezzin from Arabic: مؤذن mu’aḏḏin) is a chosen person at the Adhan (also - Athaan IPA /ʔæðæːn/ ( أَذَان) is the Islamic call to Prayer, recited by the Muezzin. In most modern Mosques, the adhan is called not in the minaret, but in the musallah, or prayer hall, via a microphone and speaker system. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Adhan (also - Athaan IPA /ʔæðæːn/ ( أَذَان) is the Islamic call to Prayer, recited by the Muezzin. For the Marty Friedman album see Loudspeaker (album A loudspeaker, speaker, or speaker system is an electroacoustical
In a practical sense, these are also used for natural air conditioning. As the sun heats the dome, air is drawn in through open windows and up and out of the shaft, thereby causing a natural ventilation.
Minarets have been described as the "gate from heaven and earth", and as the Arabic language letter alif (which is a straight vertical line). Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language
The world's tallest minaret (at 210 meters) is located at the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca, Morocco. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International The Hassan II Mosque (مسجد الحسن الثاني is a Mosque located in Casablanca, Morocco. Casablanca (in Standard Arabic: الدار البيضاء ad-Dār al-Bayḍāʼ; Moroccan Arabic: dar beïda الدار البيضا Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa The world's tallest brick minaret is Qutub Minar located in Delhi, India. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country There are two 230 meter tall minarets under construction in Tehran, Iran. Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics.
Construction
Minarets basically consist of three parts: a base, shaft, and a gallery. For the base, usually the ground underneath the towering minarets is excavated until a hard foundation is reached. Gravel and other supporting materials may be used as a foundation, and it is rare that one is built directly upon ground-level soil. Gravel is rock that is of a specific Particle size range In Geology, gravel is any loose rock that is larger than two millimeters (2mm Single minarets within an elongated body are either conical (tapering at the top), cylindrical (a circular shaft) or polygonal (with edges, as opposed to cylindrical). Stairs circle the shaft in a counter-clockwise fashion, providing the necessary structural support for highly elongated shafts. The gallery is a balcony which encircles the upper section where the muezzin will give the call to prayer. It is covered by a roof-like canopy and adorned with ornamentation, such as decorative brick and tile work, cornices, arches and inscriptions. The term cornice comes from Italian cornice, meaning “ledge Originally plain in style, a minaret's origin in time can be determined by the level of the gallery's ostentation.
Local Styles
Styles and architecture can vary widely according to region and time period. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation Here are a few styles and the localities from which they derive:
- Turkish (11th cen)
- 1,2,4 or 6 minarets related to the size of the mosque. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Slim , circular stickwise minarets. Equal cross-section.
- Egypt (7th cen) / Syria (until 13th century)
- Low square towers sitting at the four corners of the mosque. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger
- Iraq
- Free-standing conical minaret surrounded by a spiral staircase. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics.
- Egypt (15th century)
- Octagonal. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Two balconies, the upper smaller than the lower, over projecting friezes of stalactite vaulting, surmounted by an elongated finial. The finial is an architectural device typically carved in stone and employed to decoratively emphasize the Apex of a Gable, or any of various distinctive ornaments
- Persia (17th century)
- Generally two pairs of slim towers flanking the mosque entrance, terminating in covered balconies and encased in blue tile. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia
- Tatar (18th century)
- A sole minaret is used, placed at the center of a gable roof. Republic of Tatarstan (Респу́блика Татарста́н Татарстан Республикасы|Tatarstan Respublikası is a federal subject of the Russian (See Marjani Mosque for the image and ru:Мечеть с минаретом на крыше). The Märcani Mosque ( Cyrillic: (әл-Мәрҗани мәчете formerly Äfände, i
- Morocco
- Generally a single minaret, which is normally square. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa The only octagonal minaret known is located in Chefchaouen. Chefchaouen (ʃəfʃɑwən ( شفشاون, Xauen or Chauen) is a city in northwest Morocco.
Examples
 The Charminar in Hyderabad, India |
 The minaret of the Al Muhdhar |
 The six minareted Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey. Charminar ( Devanagari: चार मीनार Nastaliq: چار مینار meaning "Four Towers" or " Mosque of the four Minarets Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey |
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 A typical Iraqi minaret, Baghdad |
Opposition to minarets
See also: Minaret controversy in Switzerland
As a symbolic marker of Muslim presence, minarets have occasionally elicited political and religious opposition in traditionally non-Muslim countries. Sialkot ( Urdu / Punjabi:) the capital of Sialkot District, is a city situated in the north-east of the Punjab province in Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The construction of Minarets is as of 2007 a subject of political controversy in Switzerland. Notably, in 2007 Swiss right-wing politicians, including leaders of the co-governing Swiss People's Party, announced the launch of a people's initiative that would amend the constitution to prohibit the building of minarets (but not of mosques themselves). Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities The Swiss People's Party (SVP also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre (UDC is a Political party in Switzerland. In Political science, the initiative (also known as popular or citizen's initiative) provides a means by which a Petition signed by a certain The Federal Constitution of 18 April 1999 (Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft Constitution fédérale de la Confédération suisse Constituzione federale della Confederazione [1] Switzerland has currently only two minarets, in Zürich and Geneva, but the construction of several others is being planned. Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking
References
- ^ Adam Beaumont. "Rightwingers want nationwide vote on minarets", Swissinfo, May 3, 2007. swissinfo is a nine-language news and information platform produced by SRG SSR idée suisse, the Swiss public broadcasting corporation
External links
- Minarets, at the Encyclopedia of the Orient
- Minaret Photo Gallery
- Minaret@Everything2.com
- Minaret Types An Architectural review
- The Minaret The weekly student newspaper of the University of Tampa
- 230 metre tall Minarets Under construction in Iran
- The minaret, Symbol of a civilization
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