A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is made from milk, ice cream or iced milk, and sweet flavorings such as fruit syrup, vanilla extract, chocolate sauce in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the rest of the English-speaking world, excluding some regions of the United States. Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. Ice cream or ice-cream (originally iced cream) is a frozen dessert made from Dairy products such as Milk and Cream, combined Ice milk or iced milk is a frozen Dessert with less than 10 percent milk Fat and the same sweetener content as Ice cream. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Milkshakes are usually served in a tall glass with a straw, and whipped cream may be added as a topping. Three popular milkshake flavors are vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry. Vanilla is a Flavoring derived from Orchids of the genus Vanilla native to Mexico. Chocolate ( pronounced or /-ˈələt/ comprises a number of raw and processed foods that are produced from the seed of the tropical Cacao tree Garden strawberries are a common variety of strawberry cultivated worldwide In the UK this is banana, chocolate and strawberry. For the fruit see Banana. For other meanings see Banana (disambiguation. Chocolate ( pronounced or /-ˈələt/ comprises a number of raw and processed foods that are produced from the seed of the tropical Cacao tree Garden strawberries are a common variety of strawberry cultivated worldwide

Full-service restaurants, soda fountains, and diners usually prepare and mix the shake "by hand" from scoops of actual ice cream and milk in a blender or drink mixer using a stainless steel cup. Soda fountain is a term referring to the carbonated drink Dispensers found in Fast food restaurants and Convenience stores These devices combine Syrup A blender, or liquidiser in British English, is a Kitchen appliance used to mix ingredients or Puree food In Metallurgy, stainless steel is defined as a Steel Alloy with a minimum of 11 Most fast food outlets do not use actual ice cream (one exception being Jack in the Box), but manufacture their shakes in milkshake machines which freeze and serve a premade milkshake mixture consisting of a flavoring agent and thickening agent. Jack in the Box ( is an American Fast-food restaurant founded in 1951 in San Diego California, where it is still headquartered today Throughout the United States, especially in fast food and casual dining restaurants, a milkshake may be referred to as a shake. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly There are various types of Restaurants. Restaurants fall into several industry classification based upon menu style preparation methods and pricing

Contents 1 Types 1.1 Hand-blended 1.2 Fast-food and pre-made 1.2.1 Milkshake machines 1.2.2 Soft serve mixed with syrup 1.3 Pre-made products 1.4 Utah shakes 2 History 2.1 1880s-1930s 2.2 1940s and 1950s 2.3 Research 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

Types

Hand-blended

Hand-blended milkshakes can be made from any flavor of ice cream, and additional flavorings, such as chocolate syrup and malt, can be added prior to mixing. This allows a greater variety than is available in machine-made shakes. Several decades ago, milkshakes were made without ice cream,^[1] a practice which is still continued in some parts of the UK, Australia and New England.

Milkshake-like recipes which use yogurt, crushed ice, and fresh fruit and which are made without ice cream are usually called smoothies. A smoothie is a blended chilled sweet beverage made from fresh fruit When malted milk is added, a milkshake is called a malted milkshake, or simply a malt. Malted milk is a powdered food product made from a mixture of Malted Barley, Wheat Flour, and whole milk, which is evaporated They are also called thick milkshakes in the United Kingdom, a frappe (pronounced "f - rap") in parts of New England and Canada. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page ^[2] In Rhode Island and Southeastern Massachusetts, coffee syrup or coffee flavored ice cream is used to make the local "coffee frappe" shake. Milkshakes with added fruit called batido are popular in Latin America and in Miami's Cuban expatriate community. ^[3] In Nicaragua, milkshakes are called leche malteada. ^[4]

Some US restaurants serve milkshakes with broken cookies, candy bar pieces, or alcoholic beverages. The grasshopper milkshake, which includes broken chocolate cookies, creme de menthe liqueur, and chocolate mint ice cream, includes these ingredients. BLT Burger in New York sells a Twinkie Boy shake made with a Hostess Twinkie, vanilla ice cream and caramel syrup. A Twinkie is a "Golden Sponge Cake with Creamy Filling" popular in North America The BLT restaurant serves spiked shakes, which contain liquor such as whiskey or Kahlua. Kahlúa is a well known Mexican Coffee -flavored Liqueur. It is heavy and sweet with a distinct taste of coffee The Purple Cow restaurant also serves milkshakes with alcohol, and shakes such as the "Peanut Butter and Jelly milkshake. " Baskin-Robbins sells milkshakes that contain chunks of candy bars or small pieces of candy, such as its Reese's Peanut Butter Cup Shake and the Heath Bar Crunch Shake. Baskin-Robbins is a global chain of Ice cream parlors founded by Burt Baskin and Irv Robbins in 1945 in Glendale California. Reese's Peanut Butter Cups are Chocolates with a peanut butter flavored filling The Heath bar is an American Candy bar made of English-style Toffee. ^[5]

The UK chain Shakeaway offers over 100 different ingredients which can be added to milk and ice cream-based milkshakes, including oreos, strawberry trifle, peanut butter, and Tic tacs. Shakeaway is a small chain of Milkshake bars based in the UK. Oreo is a trademark for a popular sandwich Cookie currently manufactured by the Nabisco Division of Kraft Foods. A trifle is a Dessert dish made from thick (or often solidified Custard, Fruit, Sponge cake, fruit juice or more recently jelly Peanut butter is a food paste made primarily from ground roasted Peanuts with or without added oil Tic Tac (officially styled as "tic tac" is the brand name of small hard sweets manufactured by the Italian confectioner Ferrero

Fast-food and pre-made

Fast-food shakes are made using one of two methods: automatic milkshake machines and soft serve ice cream mixed with flavored syrups.

Milkshake machines

Restaurants with the highest volume of traffic, such as McDonalds, often opt to use pre-made milkshake mixtures that are prepared in automatic milkshake machines. These machines are stainless steel cylinders with beaters that use refrigeration coils to freeze pre-made milkshake mixtures into a drinkable texture. The number of different flavors that a restaurants with automatic milkshake machines can serve is limited by the number of different tanks in their milkshake machines, and fast food restaurants usually offer fewer flavors of milkshakes.

The smallest automatic milkshake machines are counter-mounted appliances that can make a single milkshake flavor using a five liter stainless steel tank. Large restaurants wanting to offer multiple flavors can either use floor-mounted multi-flavor machines with multiple five liter stainless steel barrels or use carbon dioxide-based machines that mix the flavors during dispensing. Some fast-food restaurants use "thick milkshake" machines, which are single-flavor machines with a (12 liter) stainless steel tank.

Soft serve mixed with syrup

Some fast-food restaurants such as Dairy Queen serve milkshakes which are prepared by blending soft-serve ice cream (or ice milk) with sweetened, flavored syrups such as chocolate syrup and fruit-flavored syrup and milk. Dairy Queen, often abbreviated to DQ, is a international chain of Ice cream and Fast food restaurants Its first location was founded in Soft serve or creemee in parts of the northeastern United States is a type of frozen dessert that is softer than Ice cream. Ice milk or iced milk is a frozen Dessert with less than 10 percent milk Fat and the same sweetener content as Ice cream. While these milkshakes are hand-blended, the use of soft-serve ice cream marks these beverages as fast-food products. Soft serve ice cream is a frozen dessert that is dispensed from a machine. It was invented by a chemical research team in Britain that discovered a method of doubling the amount of air in ice cream, allowing manufacturers to use a lesser quantity of ingredients, reducing costs.

Milkshake (typical American/fast food) Nutritional value per 100 g (3. 5 oz)
Energy 140 kcal   580 kJ
Carbohydrates     18–27 g - Sugars  18–27 g Fat 3–9 g - saturated  2–5 g - monounsaturated  1–3 g   - polyunsaturated  0–1 g   Protein 3. Carbohydrates (from ' Hydrates of Carbon ' or saccharides ( Greek σάκχαρον meaning " Sugar " are the most Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water Saturated fat is Fat that consists of Triglycerides containing only saturated Fatty acids Explanation Fat that occurs For discussion how dietary fats affect cardiovascular health see Diet and heart disease. In nutrition polyunsaturated fat is an abbreviation of polyunsaturated Fatty acid. Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl 5 g Pantothenic acid (B5)  0. Pantothenic acid, also called Vitamin B5 (a B vitamin) is a water- Soluble vitamin required to sustain life ( 5 mg  10% Calcium  130 mg 13%
100 g corresponds to 95 ml. Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Reference Daily Intake (or Recommended Daily Intake ( RDI) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient which was considered (at the time they were defined to be sufficient Source: USDA Nutrient database

Pre-made products

Pre-made milkshakes are sold in grocery stores in North America and the UK. These drinks are made from milk mixed with sweetened flavored powder or concentrate, which is usually called "flavored milk", which is thickened with carrageenen or other products. Flavored milk is a sweetened Dairy drink made with Milk, Sugar, colorings and artificial or natural Flavorings Flavored milk is Common brands include Nesquik, Crusha and Dinkum^[6] for the mobile vendor market in the UK. Nesquik is a milk flavoring mix that was developed in the US in 1948, and introduced there as Nestlé Crusha is a well known brand of Milkshake mix sold in the United Kingdom. Bottled milkshakes are usually sold in 330ml, 500ml or 1 litre bottles. Milk Chug, Gulp!, FRijj, Yazoo, Big M, and Mars are well known brands of bottled milkshake. FRijj is a brand of Milkshake sold mainly in the United Kingdom. Yazoo is a bottled flavoured Milk, or Milkshake, produced by Campina and is sold in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Big M is a brand of flavoured milk that was established in Victoria in 1978 Mars Incorporated is a world-wide manufacturer of Confectionery, pet food and other food products with US$ 21 billion in annual sales in 2006 Ben & Jerry's has taken three ice cream flavors — Cherry Garcia, Chunky Monkey and Chocolate Fudge Brownie and used them to make bottled shakes. B&J redirects here For the beverage company see Bartles and Jaymes.

Utah shakes

In Utah, some diners such as Arctic Circle Restaurants sell milkshakes that are made from ice cream, without adding milk. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. Arctic Circle Restaurants is a chain of burger and shake Restaurants based in Midvale, Utah. The ice cream is whipped and served in a tall cup with a spoon, often filled above the rim.

History

1880s-1930s

When the term "milkshake" was first used in print in 1885, milkshakes were an alcoholic whiskey drink^[7] that has been described as a "sturdy, healthful eggnog type of drink, with eggs, whiskey, etc. Chocolate ( pronounced or /-ˈələt/ comprises a number of raw and processed foods that are produced from the seed of the tropical Cacao tree Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common , served as a tonic as well as a treat". ^[8] However, by 1900, the term referred to "wholesome drinks made with chocolate, strawberry, or vanilla syrups. " By the "early 1900s people were asking for the new treat, often with ice cream. " By the 1930s, milkshakes were a popular drink at malt shops, which were the "typical soda fountain of the period. Soda fountain is a term referring to the carbonated drink Dispensers found in Fast food restaurants and Convenience stores These devices combine Syrup . . used by students as a meeting place or hangout. "^[8]

The history of the electric blender, malted milk drinks and milkshakes are interconnected. Before the widespread availability of electric blenders, milkshake-type drinks were more like egg nog, or they were a hand-shaken mixture of crushed ice and milk, sugar, and flavorings^[9]. Eggnog (or egg nog) is a sweetened Dairy -based Beverage made with Milk, Cream, Sugar, beaten eggs (which Hamilton Beach's drink mixers began being used at soda fountains in 1911 and the electric blender or drink mixer was invented by Steven Poplawski in 1922. A blender, or liquidiser in British English, is a Kitchen appliance used to mix ingredients or Puree food Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. With the invention of the blender, milkshakes began to take their modern, whipped, aerated, and frothy form. Malted milk drinks are made with malted milk powder, which contains dried milk, malted barley and wheat flour. Malted milk powder was invented in 1897 by William Horlick as an easily digested restorative health drink for invalids and children, and as an infant's food. Malting is a process applied to Cereal grains in which the grains are made to Germinate by soaking in water and are then quickly halted from germinating further CHILD syndrome (or congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects) is a genetic disorder

The use of malted milk powder in milkshakes was popularized in the USA by the Chicago drugstore chain Walgreens. Walgreen Co ( d/b/a Walgreens (without an Apostrophe) is a leading Pharmacy chain, mail service and pharmacy benefit manager Walgreens' employee Ivar "Pop" Coulson made a milkshake by adding two scoops of vanilla ice cream to the standard malted milk drink recipe (milk, chocolate syrup and malt powder). ^[10] This item, under the name "Horlick's Malted Milk," was featured by the Walgreen drugstore chain as part of a chocolate milk shake, which itself became known as a "malted" or "malt" and became one of the most popular soda-fountain drinks. ^[11]

The automation of milkshakes developed in the 1930s, after the invention of freon-cooled refrigerators provided a safe, reliable way of automatically making and dispensing ice cream. Freon is DuPont 's trade name for its odorless colorless nonflammable and noncorrosive Chlorofluorocarbon and Hydrochlorofluorocarbon Refrigerants In 1936, inventor Earl Prince used the basic concept behind the freon-cooled automated ice cream machine to develop the Multimixer, a "five-spindled mixer that could produce five milkshakes at once, all automatically, and dispense them at the pull of a lever into awaiting paper cups. "

In the late 1930s, several newspaper articles show that the term "frosted" was used to refer to milkshakes made with ice cream. In 1937, the Denton Journal in Maryland stated that "For a 'frosted' shake, add a dash of your favorite ice cream. " In 1939, the Mansfield News in Ohio stated that "A frosted beverage, in the vernacular, is something good to which ice cream has been added. Example par excellence is frosted coffee—that hot, tasty beverage made chilly with ice and frosty with ice cream. "^[12]

1940s and 1950s

By the 1950s, popular places to drink milkshakes were Woolworth's "5 & 10" lunch counters, diners, burger joints, and drugstore soda fountains. The F W Woolworth Company (often referred to as Woolworth's) was a retail company that was one of the original American five-and-dime stores A diner is a prefabricated Restaurant building characteristic of North America, especially on Long Island; in New York City; in Soda fountain is a term referring to the carbonated drink Dispensers found in Fast food restaurants and Convenience stores These devices combine Syrup These establishments often had neon light signs, "checkerboard"-patterned linoleum floor tiles, chrome barstools, vinyl booths, formica counter-tops with coin-operated jukeboxes, a board of daily specials, a counter top donut display case, and prominently displayed behind the counter, a shining chrome or stainless steel milkshake mixing machine. ^[13]

These establishments made milkshakes in Hamilton Beach or similar styles of drink mixers, which had spindles and agitators that folded air into the drinks for "smooth, fluffy results" and served them in 12 1/2-ounce tall, "y"-shaped glasses. Soda fountain staff had their own jargon, such as "Burn One All the Way" (chocolate malted with chocolate ice cream), "Twist It, Choke It, and Make It Cackle" (chocolate malted with an egg) "Shake One in the Hay" (a strawberry shake) and a "White Cow" (a vanilla milkshake). ^[14] In the 1950s, a milkshake machine salesman named Ray Kroc bought exclusive rights to the 1930s-era Multimixer milkshake maker from inventor Earl Prince, and went on to use automated milkshake machines^[15] to speed up production in a major fast-food chain. Raymond Albert Kroc ( October 5, 1902 - January 14, 1984) took over the then small-scale McDonald's Corporation franchise in 1954 and

In the 1950s, milkshakes were called "frappes", "velvets," "frosted [drinks]", or "cabinets" in different parts of the US. A specialty style of milkshake, the "concrete" was ". . . a milk shake so thick that the server hands it out the order window upside down, demonstrating that not a drop will drip. " In 1952, the Newport Daily News in Rhode Island contained a "Guide For Top Quality ICE CREAM SODAS CABINETS MILK SHAKES", which shows the use of the term "cabinet" in print. An article from 1953 in the Salisbury Times (in the state of Maryland) suggests that shakes can be made in a jar by shaking well. The article states that by adding four large tablespoons of ice cream, the drink becomes a "frosted shake. "^[16]

2006 In 2006, the US Agricultural Research Service developed reduced-sugar, low-fat milk shakes for school lunch programs. The Agricultural Research Service ( ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA The shakes have half the sugar and only 10% of the fat of commercial fast-food shakes. Schools need a milk shake machine or soft-serve ice cream machine to serve the milkshakes. The milkshakes also have added fiber and other nutrients, and they have much less lactose, which makes the shakes appropriate for some lactose intolerant people. ^[17]

In the 2000s, milkshakes began being used as part of the new trend of boutique-style "spa dentistry," which aim to relax dental patients and reduce their anxiety. Spa dentistry uses aromatherapy, massages, music playing through headphones to reduce patient's tension. At the end of the a filling or root canal in a spa dentistry treatment, patients are given an icy milkshake ". . . to soothe mouth soreness and delay the desire for heavier foods while the effects of the anesthesia dissipate. " ^[18]

In 2005, the traditional home of the milkshake, the family restaurants and 24-hour diner-style restaurants that were the "staples of 1950s and 60s America such as Denny's, Big Boy and the International House of Pancakes" were supplanted ". Denny's (aka Denny's Diner as appeared on some of the locations' Signage) is the largest full-service diner/family Restaurant chain in the United Big Boy is a restaurant chain started in 1936 by Bob Wian in Glendale California, as Bob's Big Boy. The International House of Pancakes ( IHOP) is a United States -based Restaurant chain that specializes in breakfast foods and is owned by . . in terms of revenue for the first time since the US census started measuring this in the 1970s. The shift means the burger, fries and milkshake ideal evoked by the sitcom Happy Days is losing its hold on the American appetite. Happy Days is an American Television sitcom that originally aired from 1974 to 1984 on ABC. " Instead, US consumers are going out to casual dining restaurants such as Ruby Tuesday, Olive Garden and the Outback Steakhouse. Ruby Tuesday is an American Casual dining Restaurant chain named after the Rolling Stones' song of the same name Olive Garden is a casual dining American restaurant chain specializing in Italian-American food Outback Steakhouse is an American Casual dining Restaurant chain based in Tampa Florida, with over 900 locations in 21 countries throughout ^[19]

Despite the downturn in family restaurant business, the US sales of milkshakes, malts and floats rose 11% in 2006, according to the industry research firm NPD Group. Christopher Muller, the director of the Center for Multi-Unit Restaurant Management at Orlando's University of Central Florida states that "Milkshakes remind us of summer, youth — and indulgence," and "they're evocative of a time gone by. "^[5] Muller states that milkshakes are an "enormously profitable" item for restaurants, since the fluffy drinks contain so much air. The market research firm Technomic claims that about 75% of the average-priced $3. 38 restaurant shake in 2006 was profit. An executive from Sonic Drive-In, a US chain of 1950s-style diner restaurants, calls shakes ". Sonic Corporation (operating name Sonic Drive-In) is an American Fast-food restaurant chain based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma . . one of our highest-volume, revenue-producing areas. "^[5]

Part of the increase in milkshake sales reported in 2006 may be due to the increasing availability of innovative chef-designed milkshakes in high-end restaurants. In 2006, the Los Angeles Times reported that chefs from "hipster hangouts and retro landmarks" are using "macerated farmers market strawberries, Valrhona chocolate and Madagascar Bourbon vanilla" to make new milkshake flavors.

Other novel ideas offered in LA-area restaurants include milkshakes made with toasted pecans, saffron-rose water or orange-blossom ice cream, taro root, vanilla beans steeped in rum, Valrhona chocolate and Grey Goose vodka, and vanilla custard mixed with Russian Imperial stout. ^[20]

Research

In 2003, a "fast-food chain that wanted to improve milk shake sales and profits" initially tried using focus groups to find out what factors in milkshakes attracted customers (e. g. , price, amount of chocolate), but the profits did not increase. The restaurant hired researchers to study why customers purchased fast-food milkshakes, as a way of finding out which factors would help the restaurant to increase sales.

The researchers found that, contrary to their expectations, that ". . . nearly half of all milk shakes were bought in the early morning", and usually, the ". . . shake was the only item purchased, and it was rarely consumed in the restaurant. " The researchers determined that most of the customers were buying a milkshake to sip slowly during their "long, boring commute. " They wanted a food product that could be consumed with one hand, and that wouldn't risk soiling their hands or work clothes (a danger with toast and jam or sausage and egg bagelwiches).

The researchers concluded that good strategies for increasing sales for this target market would be to make the milkshakes thicker and longer-lasting, add in fruit chunks (to make drinking it more interesting), or adding in an express self-serve line for milkshake customers. ^[21]

See also

• Blender (device)
• Smoothie
• Malted milk
• Chocolate milk
• Hot chocolate
• Nesquik
• Ovaltine
• Syrup
• Soy milk
• Rice milk
• Frappé
• New England cuisine
• Milkshake (song) - a pop/R&B song recorded by Kelis in 2003. A blender, or liquidiser in British English, is a Kitchen appliance used to mix ingredients or Puree food A smoothie is a blended chilled sweet beverage made from fresh fruit Malted milk is a powdered food product made from a mixture of Malted Barley, Wheat Flour, and whole milk, which is evaporated Chocolate milk is a sweetened Cocoa - Flavored milk Drink. It can be purchased pre-mixed or made at home with either cocoa powder and a Hot chocolate (also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa) is a heated Beverage that typically consists of Nesquik is a milk flavoring mix that was developed in the US in 1948, and introduced there as Nestlé Ovaltine is a brand of Milk flavoring product made with Sugar (except in Switzerland Malt extract Cocoa, and Whey. In Cooking, a syrup (from Arabic' ar شراب sharab, beverage via Latin siropus) is a thick Viscous Liquid Soy milk (also called soya milk, soybean milk, or soy juice) and sometimes referred to as soy drink/beverage is a beverage made from Rice milk is a kind of Grain milk processed from Rice. It is mostly made from Brown rice and commonly unsweetened the sweetness in most rice milk 230px|thumb| Greek frappé coffee Greek frappé ( Café frappé)( Greek:φραπές is a Foam -covered iced coffee drink made from spray-dried New England cuisine is a type of American cuisine found in New England, in the northeastern region of the United States. " Milkshake " is an R&B – electro song written and produced by The Neptunes for American singer Kelis ' third studio album Kelis Rogers-Jones (née Rogers, born August 21, 1979) better known as Kelis (pronounced kuh-LEECE is a Grammy Award-nominated American
• There Will Be Blood - a 2007 film in which the protagonist, Daniel Plainview, makes a reference to the American treat when he tells Eli Sunday, "Here, if you have a milkshake, and I have a milkshake, and I have a straw. There Will Be Blood is a 2007 film directed written and produced by Paul Thomas Anderson. 2007 saw major releases such as The Simpsons Movie, National Treasure Book of Secrets, The Protagonist or main character is the central figure of a story. There it is, that's a straw, you see? You watching? And my straw reaches across the room and starts to drink your milkshake, I drink your milkshake! I drink it up!" The line refers to Senator Albert Fall's 1924 congressional testimony about the "Teapot Dome" oil-drilling scandal. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Albert Bacon Fall (November 26 1861 &ndash November 30 1944 was a United States Senator from New Mexico and the Secretary of the Interior under Congressional hearings are the principal formal method by which committees collect and analyze information in the early stages of legislative policymaking Teapot Dome scandal refers to a Bribery scandal of the White House administration of United States President Warren G ^[22][23] The scene became something of a catch phrase for the film and gained moderate recognition in popular culture following the film's release. A catch phrase (or catchphrase) is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — ^[24]

References

1. ^ "A milk shake might be milk, shaken up, with or without flavorings. (p. 668-669) - How to Cook Everything. Mark Bittman. Wiley Publishing Inc. 1998 ISBN-13: 978-0-4717-8918-5
2. ^ milk shake. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000
3. ^ Milkshake Trivia: More than Just Ice Cream
4. ^ Bluefields Travel Guide (Bluefields, Nicaragua)
5. ^ ^{a b c} Fancier ways to get brain freeze. By Bruce Horovitz, USA TODAY
6. ^ Dinkum Products
7. ^ 26 Delicious Facts about Milkshakes Aviva Trivia
8. ^ ^{a b} Listening to America, Stuart Berg Flexner [Simon & Schuster:New York] 1982 (p. 178)
9. ^ Vanilla Milk Shake Recipe from the "Second Edition of The Neighborhood Cookbook" published by the Council of Jewish Women, Portland, in 1914. Fill a glass two-thirds full of milk, sweeten to taste with any fruit syrup or with sugar, and then flavor with vanilla. Fill glass up with cracked ice and shake well together until thoroughly mixed. http://www.homemade-dessert-recipes.com/milk-shake-recipes.html
10. ^ Walgreen's history
11. ^ The Encyclopedia of American Food and Drink, John F. Mariani [Lebhar-Friedman:New York] 1999 (p. 196–197)
12. ^ American Dialect Society CABINET, CONCRETE, FROSTED, VELVET
13. ^ Diner Style
14. ^ Shake One in the Hay. New York First
15. ^ Happy Meals in Kitty Hawk: How the Wright Brothers Spawned a Burger Nation
16. ^ American Dialect Society CABINET, CONCRETE, FROSTED, VELVET Text accompanying illustration on a poster advertising Hood's Ice Cream (observed in Hancock Pharmacy, State and Hancock Sts. ,Springfield, Mass. , September 30, 1952).
17. ^ "Shaking Up the Future" was published in the May 2000 issue of Agricultural Research magazine. http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:7crwHS1wllMJ:www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/may00/shake0500.htm+milkshake+1970s&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=471
18. ^ The Spa Treatment-—Plus Fillings Amid the masseuses and lavender scent, an experience in spa dentistry may make you wonder why you ever hated the dentist in the first place. By:Katie Gilbert http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:gOirDrEMtPkJ:psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20060609-000001.html+milkshake+1970s&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=103
19. ^ http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:Q-mazsEOqFYJ:economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2005/12/the_decline_of_.html+milkshake+1970s&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=91
20. ^ Shake It Up, Baby! by Amy Scattergood, Special to The Times June 14, 2006
21. ^ Creating A Killer Product Clayton M. Christensen Michael E. Raynor, 10. 13. 03 http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2003/1013/082_print.html
22. ^ Foundas, Scott (January 16, 2008). Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Paul Thomas Anderson: Blood, Sweat and Tears. LA Weekly. LA Weekly is a free weekly Tabloid -sized Newspaper (a so-called " Alternative weekly " in Los Angeles California Retrieved on 2008-02-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
23. ^ Bowles, Scott (February 3, 2008). Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 'Blood' fans drink up milkshake catchphrase. USA Today. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. Retrieved on 2008-02-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the
24. ^ Mudhar, Raju (February 23, 2008). Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common It's bottoms up to our Oscars drinking game. The Toronto Star. The Toronto Star is Canada 's highest-circulation newspaper though its print edition is distributed almost entirely within the province of Ontario. Retrieved on 2008-02-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the

External links

• [1] - Various milkshake recipes.

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