For the Polish military award, see Order of the Military Cross. The Order of the Military Cross (Order Krzyża Wojskowego is a Polish order established on October 18 2006
| Military Cross | |
|---|---|
  Obverse of the medal. Ribbon: 32 mm, three equal parts of white, purple, and white. |
|
| Awarded by United Kingdom and Commonwealth | |
| Type | Military decoration. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located |
| Eligibility | British, (formerly) Commonwealth, and allied forces. |
| Awarded for | . . . gallantry during active operations against the enemy. [1] |
| Status | Currently awarded. |
| Description | silver cross with straight arms. (Obverse) Royal Cypher in centre (reverse) plain |
| Statistics | |
| Established | 28 December 1914 |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Conspicuous Gallantry Cross |
| Same | Distinguished Service Cross, Distinguished Flying Cross |
| Next (lower) | Mention in Despatches |
The Military Cross (MC) is the third level military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993) other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to officers of other Commonwealth countries. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Conspicuous Gallantry Cross ( CGC) is a second level Military decoration of the United Kingdom armed forces. The Distinguished Service Cross ( DSC) is the third level Military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993 ratings of the Royal Navy and formerly The Distinguished Flying Cross is a military decoration awarded to personnel of the United Kingdom 's Royal Air Force and other services, and formerly Mentioned in Despatches (MID is a Military award for gallantry or otherwise commendable service A military decoration is a decoration given to Military personnel or units for Heroism in battle or distinguished service The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces.
The MC is granted in recognition of "an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy on land to all members, of any rank …". [2] In 1979 the Queen approved a proposal that a number of awards including the Military Cross could in future be awarded posthumously. [3]
The award was created in 1914 for commissioned officers of the substantive rank of Captain or below and for Warrant Officers. An officer is a member of an armed force who holds a position of authority A Warrant Officer ( WO) is a member of a military organization holding one of a specific group of ranks. In 1931, the award was extended to Majors and also to members of the Royal Air Force for actions on the ground. Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country Since the 1993 review of the honours system, as part of the drive to remove distinctions of rank in awards for bravery, the Military Medal, formerly the third level decoration for other ranks, has been discontinued. The Military Medal was (until 1993 a Military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other services, and formerly also to personnel of Other Ranks (ORs in the British Army, Royal Marines and Royal Air Force (and in the armies and air forces of many other Commonwealth countries The MC now serves as the third level award for gallantry for all ranks of the British Army.
Bars are awarded to the MC in recognition of the performance of further acts of gallantry meriting the award. A medal bar or medal clasp is a thin metal bar attached to the ribbon of a Military decoration, Civil decoration, or other Medal. Recipients are entitled to the postnominal letters MC.
Description
- 46 mm max height, 44 mm max width
- Ornamental silver cross with straight arms terminating in broad finials decorated with imperial crowns, suspended from plain suspension bar. The Imperial State Crown is one of the British Crown Jewels. The Crown is of a design similar to St Edward's Crown: it includes a base of four crosses The Obverse has a Royal Cypher in centre;
- The reverse is plain, but from 1938 the name of the recipient and year of issue has been engraved on lower limb of cross. A Royal Cypher, or Royal and Imperial Cypher is the sovereign 's Monogram or the initials of their name and title usually surmounted by a crown
Notable awards
- For more information, see the category: Recipients of the Military Cross.
- During World War I, Francis Victor Wallington of the Royal Horse Artillery was the first person to be awarded the MC and three bars when he was invested with his third bar on 10 July 1918 (gazetted 13 September 1918). The Royal Horse Artillery (RHA is a regiment in the British Army. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [4][5] Three other officers were subsequently awarded a third bar, Percy Bentley, Humphrey Arthur Gilkes and Charles Gordon Timms all of whose awards were gazetted in a supplement to the London Gazette of 31 January 1919. Percy Bentley (born 13 December 1906 died -25 March 1982 was an Australian rules footballer in the (then Victorian Football League. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [4][6]
- During World War II Captain Sam Manekshaw, Indian Army (who eventually rose to the rank of Field Marshal), was leading a counter-offensive operation against the invading Japanese Army in Burma. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji "Sam Bahadur" Jamshedji Manekshaw MC (April 3 1914 &ndash June 27 2008 was an Indian Army officer The Indian Army (Bharatiya Thalsena भारतीय थाल्सेना is one of the armed forces of India and has the responsibility for land-based During the course of the offensive he was hit by a burst of machine-gun fire and severely wounded in the stomach. Major General D.T. Cowan spotted Manekshaw holding on to life and was aware of his valour in face of stiff resistance from the Japanese. Major General David Tennent Cowan CB CBE DSO & Bar MC (1896 - 1983 also known as "Punch" Cowan, was an officer Fearing the worst, Major General Cowan quickly pinned his own Military Cross ribbon on to Manekshaw saying, "A dead person cannot be awarded a Military Cross. "[7]
- The first posthumous Military Cross was that awarded to Captain Herbert Richard Westmacott (491354), Grenadier Guards for gallantry in Northern Ireland during the period 1 February 1980 to 30 April 1980. The Grenadier Guards (GREN GDS is the most senior Regiment of the Guards Division of the British Army, and as such is the most senior regiment of infantry Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) [8]
- The first woman to be awarded the Military Cross was Private Michelle Norris of the Royal Army Medical Corps, while attached to The Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment in Iraq. Michelle Suzanne Claire “Chuck” Norris MC, RAMC is a British lance corporal and medic noted for heroism in the 2003 Iraq conflict The Royal Army Medical Corps ( RAMC) is a specialist Corps in the British Army which provides Medical services to all British Army "PWRR" redirects here For the railroad with these reporting marks see Portland and Western Railroad. Norris was awarded her medal personally by Queen Elizabeth II on March 21, 2007 as the result of her actions in Iraq on June 11, 2006. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [9][10][11]
Notes
- ^ Defence FactSheet Accessed 28 June 2007. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 56693, page 11146, 17 October 2002. The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the UK in which certain Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Abott, P E and Tamplin, J M A; British Gallantry Awards, 1981, Nimrod Dix and Co, ISBN 0 902633 74 0, page xx.
- ^ a b For Conspicuous Gallantry... Winners of the Military Cross and Bar during the Great War. Volume 1—Two Bars and Three Bars, Scott Addington, Troubador Publishing Ltd, 2006, pp. 343–352
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 30901, page 10877, 13 September 1918. The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the UK in which certain Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 31158, page 1617, 31 January 1919. The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the UK in which certain Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
- ^ Compton McKenzie (1951), Eastern Epic, Chatto & Windus, London, pp440-1
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 48346, page 14608, 20 October 1980. The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the UK in which certain Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar)
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 58183, page 17359, 15 December 2006. The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the UK in which certain Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Wilkes, David. "Heroine teenage soldier to be decorated for bravery", Daily Mail, Associated Newspapers, 2006-08-10. The Daily Mail is a British newspaper currently published in a tabloid format Associated Newspapers is a large national newspaper publisher in the UK which is a subsidiary of the Daily Mail and General Trust. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire ISSN 0307-7578. An International Standard Serial Number ( ISSN) is a unique eight-digit number used to identify a print or electronic Periodical publication. Retrieved on 2007-03-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor.
- ^ Glendinning, Lee. "Historic award for female private", The Guardian, Guardian Media Group, 2007-03-22, p. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Not to be confused with the Guardian Enterprise Group, an American media company (see. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. 8. ISSN 0261-3077. An International Standard Serial Number ( ISSN) is a unique eight-digit number used to identify a print or electronic Periodical publication. Retrieved on 2007-03-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor.
Bibliography
- Mackay, J and Mussel, J (eds) - Medals Yearbook - 2005, (2004), Token Publishing.
See also
- British and Commonwealth orders and decorations
- List of British gallantry awards for the Iraq War
- Category:Recipients of the Military Cross
External links
- Database of Australian Awardees at the Australian Government Honours website
- The King's Own Royal Regiment Museum, (Lancaster), Military Cross. This article concerns the orders and decorations of the Commonwealth realms awarded by the sovereign in right of each nation A list of British awards for gallantry in the Iraq War from 2003 onwards www. kingsownmuseum. plus. com.
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