| Milanese milanes, milanées |
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|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Italy | |
| Total speakers: | N/A[1] | |
| Language family: | Indo-European Italic Romance Italo-Western Western Gallo-Iberian Gallo-Romance Gallo-Italic Lombard Western Lombard Milanese |
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| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | roa | |
| ISO 639-3: | lmo – Lombard | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Italic subfamily is a member of the Indo-European language family's Centum branch The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all The Gallo-Romance branch of Romance languages includes French, Occitan, Arpitan, and several other languages spoken in modern France Lombard is a language spoken mainly in Northern Italy (most of Lombardy and some areas of neighbouring regions notably the eastern side of Piedmont Western Lombard is a Romance language spoken in Italy, in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages Lombard is a language spoken mainly in Northern Italy (most of Lombardy and some areas of neighbouring regions notably the eastern side of Piedmont In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's | ||
Milanese (milanes, milanées, meneghin, meneghìn) is the central variety of Western Lombard language spoken in the city of Milan and in its province. Western Lombard is a Romance language spoken in Italy, in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy.
In Italian-speaking contexts, Milanese (like most of the other non-Italian language varietes spoken within the borders of the Italian Republic) is often generically called a "dialect". A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of This is often incorrectly understood as to mean a dialect of Italian, which actually is not the case. Milanese and Italian are different languages and are not mutually intelligible. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Milanese is a particular (and prestigious) Western Lombard variety and is intelligible to speakers of other neighbouring Western Lombard varieties. Western Lombard is a Romance language spoken in Italy, in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como Western Lombard is a Romance language spoken in Italy, in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como It should not be confused with Milanese dialect of Italian language, one of the most important with Florentine one. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany It should also not be confused with the entire Western Lombard language, sometimes called as "Milanese". Western Lombard is a Romance language spoken in Italy, in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como
Like all other dialects of Western Lombard, Milanese is a Western Romance language related to French, Romansh and Italian. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Western Lombard is a Romance language spoken in Italy, in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Romansh or Romansch may refer to Romansh language Romansh people Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy.
However, the use of Milanese is mostly limited to familiar terms and sentences, and is rare amongst Milan inhabitants.
Various dictionaries, a few grammar books, an extensive literature and a recent translation of the Gospels are available. This article is about the canonical books of the New Testament
Contents |
Orthography
Partly because of the unofficial status of Milanese, several different orthographic conventions have developed.
The oldest still in use, and probably the most widely used, is the convention adopted by the Milanese writer Carlo Porta. Carlo Porta ( June 15, 1775 January 5, 1821) was an Italian poet the most famous writer in Milanese (the central dialect of the Typical of this system is the trigraph oeu for the vowels /ø/ and /œ/. See: Classical Milanese orthography. The classical Milanese orthography is the Orthography used for the Western Lombard language in particular for Milanese dialect, from the major poets and
More recent conventions often try to
- simplify the rules (which are sometimes not very immediate in the Porta system)
- make correct reading of Milanese easier for native Italian speakers
- reduce the gap between the written forms of Milanese and of other Lombard dialects
A lot of the alternative systems use ü and ö instead of u and oeu, in order to avoid confusion between Milanese and Italian vowels. They also generally reduce the number of accents involved, often removing ^.
A comparison with Italian
There are few differences between standard Italian and Milanese syntaxes that have to be considered. In Linguistics, syntax (from Ancient Greek grc συν- syn-, "together" and grc τάξις táxis, "arrangement" is the The comparison is made quite natural by the fact that Milanese speakers are usually also speakers of Italian.
- More vowels are found in Milanese than there are in Italian. In Phonetics, a vowel is a Sound in spoken Language, such as English ah! or oh!, pronounced with an open Vocal tract In particular, Milanese adds /ø/, /y/ and others; moreover, vowel length plays a role in Milanese. In Linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a Vowel sound
- While almost every Italian word of more than one syllable ends in a vowel, consonant endings are extremely common in Milanese. A syllable ( Greek:) is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds A consequence is that many words that are paroxytone in Italian become oxytone in Milanese. Paroxytone (παροξύτονος paroxýtonos) is a linguistic term for a word with stress on the penultimate syllable that is the syllable before An oxytone (ˈɒksɨtoʊn from the Greek:, oxýtonos) is a word whose last Syllable is stressed such as the English words correct A classical example is the infinitive of the verbs: in Italian it's chiamare (with the accent on the second "a"), meaning to call; in Milanese it's ciamà.
- While most Italian subject pronouns derive directly from their Latin counterparts, subject pronouns in Milanese derive from Latin dative pronouns. In Linguistics and Grammar, a pronoun is a Pro-form that substitutes for a (including a noun phrase consisting of a single Noun) with or Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. This makes Milanese subject pronouns resemble Italian object/dative pronouns: mi (Italian mi), ti (Italian ti), lu (Italian lui), lee (Italian lei), numm (Italian noi), viálter (Italian voi), lór (Italian loro).
- Subject pronouns are doubled in the 2nd and 3rd persons singular. Singular "you are" (Italian tu sei) becomes ti te seet in Milanese; here the first ti is the actual subject pronoun (which is optional), while the second te, normally a dative pronoun, is used to reinforce the subject and is compulsory (it's interesting to mention that the -t suffix of the 2nd person of verbs also derives from Latin "te", for a notable total of three subject pronouns per verb).
- The negation is postponed after the verb. In Logic and Mathematics, negation or not is an operation on Logical values for example the logical value of a Proposition For English usage of verbs see the wiki article English verbs. This means that where Italian has non sei for "you are not", Milanese allows either of ti te seet no or ti te seet minga. Minga is an alternative negational adverb (probably derived from the Latin word mica, meaning "crumb"), various forms of which are common in other Italian dialects and even Italian itself, where non <verb> mica is common slang for reinforcing negations. Also consider French pas and Tuscan punto for examples of negations made by using words that all designate "something small" generically. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The Tuscan Dialect ( dialetto toscano) or the Tuscan Language ( lingua toscana) is an Italian dialect spoken in Statistically, minga and no are about equally as common in Milanese, and they are usually interchangeable, although a Milanese speaker will sometimes find that one "sounds better" in a sentence than the other. A little rule for using minga rather than no may be that minga can be used to deny the presence of countable things and no as a simple negation. Example: mi vegni no, meaning I won't come: mi vegni minga it's a bit stronger negation, meaning I really don't want to come, and I won't. Ghe n'ho minga, meaning I have none (no money) means I'm poor: ghe n'ho no should mean a temporary lack (I've no money with me, sorry).
Sample texts
In the word calson /kal'sữː/ 'trousers', phonetically speaking, you can see the adesinential plural, the use of u and not of o, the nazalization and lengthening of u, the transformation of z into s, the not-mutation of a in front of l.
From the Bible, Luke 2, 1-7 (for an English version see http://www.gnpcb.org/esv/search/?q=luke+2)
You can listen to a rendition of this text as recorded by an Italian native speaker from Milan (compare to the same text in Italian). Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin
Original orthography
Very close to the traditional orthography.
2:1 In chi dì là, on decrett de Céser Augùst l'ordinava che se fasess on censiment de tutta la terra. 2 Sto primm censiment l'è staa faa quand Quirini l'era governador de la Siria. 3 Tucc andaven a fass registrà, ciaschedun in la soa città. 4 Anca Giusepp, che l'era de la cà e de la famiglia de David, da la città de Nazareth e da la Galilea l'è andaa sù in Giudea a la città de David, ciamada Betlemm, 5 per fass registrà insèma a Maria, soa sposa, che l'era incinta. 6 Ben, pròppi intanta che se trovaven in quell sit, s'hinn compii per lee i dì de partorì. 7 L'ha mettuu al mond el sò primm, l'ha faa sù in di fass e l'ha miss giò in d'ona gruppia perchè gh'era minga de post per lor in la locanda. (Circolo Filologico Milanese, I Quatter Vangeli de Mattee, March, Luca e Gioann in dialett milanes, Milan 1995)
Alternative orthography
The same text in an alternative orthography, which could be used to render all Lombard varieties. Long vowels (both phonologically and phonetically long) are written double, word-internal consonants are never doubled (in accordance with pronunciation), and final devoicing of obstruents is rendered orthographically.
2:1 In chi dí lá, un decrètt de Céser August l'urdinava che se fasèss un censiméent de tüta la tèra. 2 Stu primm censiméent l'è staa faa quaant Quirini l'éra guvernaduur de la Siria. 3 Tücc andaven a fass registrá, ciaschedün in la súa citá. 4 Anca Giüsèpp, che l'éra de la cá e de la famíglia de Davit, da la citá de Názareth e da la Galilèa l'è andaa sü in Giüdèa a la citá de Davit, ciamada Betlèmm, 5 per fass registrá insèma a María, súa spusa, che l'éra incinta. 6 Bén, pròpi intanta che se truvaven in quèll siit, s'inn cumpii per lée i dí de parturí. 7 L'a mettüü al muunt el sò primm, l'a faa sü in di fass e l'a miss giò in d'una grüppia perchè gh'éra minga de pòst per luur in la lucanda.
References
- ^ The number of inhabitants of Milan is approximately 1,500,000, and varieties close to Milanese are spoken outside Milan. However, many of them are immigrants from other parts of Italy, and even most others will not be able to speak Milanese fluently.
See also
External links
Carlo Porta ( June 15, 1775 January 5, 1821) was an Italian poet the most famous writer in Milanese (the central dialect of the Western Lombard is a Romance language spoken in Italy, in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, ComoDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic