Comune di Milano
The Milan Cathedral
Flag Coat of arms
Location of the city of Milan
Coordinates: 45°28′N 09°10′E / 45.467, 9.167
Sovereign state	Italy
Region	Lombardy
Province	Province of Milan
Insubric settlement	c. Milan Cathedral (Italian Duomo di Milano; Milanese: Domm de Milan) is the Cathedral The Flag of Milan, Italy consists of a red Cross in a white field and is near identical to the Flag of England or the one of Genoa This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of Milan (Provincia di Milano Western Lombard (non-official lmo ''Provincia de Milan''/lmo ''Pruìncia de Milàn'' is a province in the The Insubres or Insubri were a population settled in Insubria, in what is now Lombardy. 600 BC
Roman foundation	222 BC
Government
- Mayor	Letizia Moratti
Area
- City	182 km² (70. The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the This is a list of mayors of Milan ( sindaci di Milano ' See also List of rulers of Milan Letizia Brichetto-Arnaboldi Moratti (born 26 November 1949) is an Italian businesswoman and Politician. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² 3 sq mi)
- Urban	1,982 km² (765. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 3 sq mi)
Elevation	+120 m (394 ft)
Population (December 2006)[1]
- City	1,303,437 ( 2nd)
- Density	7,159/km² (18,541. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit ISTAT data updated 2007 January 1. Figures are based on last 2001 Census plus data from official bilancio demografico ( demographic balance Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 7/sq mi)
- Metro	7. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central 4 million
- Called	Milanesi or Meneghini
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal codes	20100, 20121-20162
Area code(s)	02
Patron saints	Ambrose (7 December)
Website: www.comune.milano.it

Milan (Italian: Milano; Western Lombard: Milan (listen)) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Saint Ambrose (c 338 &ndash 4 April 397) was a bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the fourth century Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Western Lombard is a Romance language spoken in Italy, in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the The municipality (Comune di Milano) has a population of 1. 3 million. The Milan metropolitan area, depending on the specific definition, has a population ranging from 2. The Milan metropolitan area, sometimes referred to as "Greater Milan" (Grande Milano is the Urban agglomeration centred around the city of Milan, 9 to 7. 4 million. The municipal border covers a relatively small area (about one-eighth of that of Rome) because of the historical development of high density centres in agriculturally rich Lombardy. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the

Milan is renowned as one of the world capitals of design and fashion. Design is used both as a Noun and a Verb. The term is often tied to the various Applied arts and Engineering (See design disciplines Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine literature art architecture and general comportment that are popular in a culture at any given time ^[2] The English word milliner is derived from the name of the city. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Lombard metropolis is famous for its fashion houses and shops (such as along via Montenapoleone) and the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele in the Piazza Duomo (reputed to be the world's oldest shopping mall). Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine literature art architecture and general comportment that are popular in a culture at any given time Via Montenapoleone is an elegant street in Milan, Italy, famous for Fashion and Jewelry shops The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II is a covered double arcade formed of two glass-vaulted arcades at right angles intersecting in an Octagon; it is prominently The city hosted the World Exposition in 1906 and will host the Universal Expo in 2015. Expo (short for "exposition" and also known as World Fair and World's Fair) is the name given to various large public exhibitions held since the Expo 2015 is the next scheduled Universal Exposition after Expo 2010, and will be hosted by Milan, Italy. Inhabitants of Milan are referred to as "Milanese" (Italian: Milanesi or informally Meneghini or Ambrosiani).

The Olona river, the Lambro river and the Seveso creek run through Milan. The Olona is a 131 km long Italian river which runs through the provinces of Varese, Milan and Pavia. Seveso (in Lombard language Séves) is an Italian town and Comune of 19872 inhabitants situated in the Province of Milan Olona and Seveso run mostly underground.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Etymology 1.2 Roman times 1.3 Middle Ages 1.4 Periods of Spanish, French and Austrian domination 1.5 19th Century 1.6 20th Century 2 Municipal Administration 2.1 Politics 2.2 Administrative Subdivision 3 Climate 4 Main sights 5 Demographics 6 Economy 6.1 Milan of the future 7 Education 7.1 Medical 7.2 Architecture and engineering 7.3 Business, economic and social 7.4 Language, art and music 7.5 Fashion and design 7.6 Other 8 Transportation 8.1 Airports 8.2 Subways, tramways, trolleybuses and buses 8.3 Railways 8.4 Regional-Metropolitan Railway services 8.5 Taxis 9 Culture 9.1 Literature 9.2 Media 9.3 Language 9.4 Religion 9.5 Food 9.6 Sports 9.7 Stadia 9.8 Parks and gardens 10 Sister Cities 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References 14 External links

History

Etymology

The Celtic name for the settlement of the Insubres is not attested, but in the Roman name Mediolanum the name element -lanum is the Celtic equivalent of -planum "plain'", thus Mediolanum: "in the midst of the plain", due to its location in a plain close to the confluence of two small rivers, the Olona and the Seveso. The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. The Insubres or Insubri were a population settled in Insubria, in what is now Lombardy. Mediolanum, the ancient Milan, was an important Celtic and then Roman centre The origin of the name and of a boar as a symbol of the city are fancifully accounted for in Andrea Alciato's Emblemata (1584), beneath a woodcut of the first raising of the city walls, where a boar is seen lifted from the excavation, and the etymology of Mediolanum given as "half-wool",^[3] explained in Latin and in French. The boar or wild boar ( Sus scrofa) is an Omnivorous, gregarious Mammal of the biological family Suidae. Andrea Alciato, commonly known as Alciati ( Andreas Alciatus) ( January 12, 1492 - 1550 was an Italian Jurist and writer The foundation of Milan is credited to two Celtic peoples, the Bituriges and the Aedui, having as their emblems a ram and a boar;^[4] therefore "The city’s symbol is a wool-bearing boar, an animal of double form, here with sharp bristles, there with sleek wool. The Bituriges (Bituriges-Cubi was a tribe with its capital at Bourges (Avaricum Aedui, Haedui or Hedui (Gr Aidouoi) are Gallic people of Gallia Lugdunensis, who inhabited the country between the Arar ( Saone) and Liger An emblem is a pictorial Image, abstract or representational that epitomizes a Concept — e "^[5] Alciato credits the most saintly and learned Ambrose for his account. Saint Ambrose (c 338 &ndash 4 April 397) was a bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the fourth century ^[6]

The German name for the city is Mailand, while in the local Western Lombard dialect, the city's name is Milán, similar to the French. Western Lombard is a Romance language spoken in Italy, in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como

Roman times

Main article: Mediolanum

Around 400 BC, the Celtic Insubres inhabited Milan and the surrounding region. Mediolanum, the ancient Milan, was an important Celtic and then Roman centre Events By place Persian Empire Artaxerxes II King of Persia appoints Tissaphernes to take over all the districts in The Insubres or Insubri were a population settled in Insubria, in what is now Lombardy. In 222 BC, the Romans conquered this settlement, which received the name Mediolanum. Events By place Roman Republic Mediolanum (modern Milan) stronghold of the Gallic tribe of the Insubres Mediolanum, the ancient Milan, was an important Celtic and then Roman centre After several centuries of Roman control, Milan was declared the capital of the Western Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian in 293 AD. The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate Events By Place Roman Empire March 1 — Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius Diocletian chose to stay in the Eastern Roman Empire (capital Nicomedia) and his colleague Maximianus the Western one. Nicomedia ( Greek: Νικομήδεια modern İzmit) was founded by Nicomedes I of Bithynia at the head of the Gulf of Astacus which opens Immediately Maximinian built several gigantic monuments, like a large circus (470 x 85 meters), the Thermae Erculee, a large complex of imperial palaces and several other services and buildings.
In the Edict of Milan of 313, Emperor Constantine I guaranteed freedom of religion for Christians. The Edict of Milan was a letter signed by emperors Constantine and Licinius, that proclaimed Religious toleration in the Roman Empire. Events By Place Roman Empire February — Conference at Milan Constantine issues the Edict of Milan, ending all persecution Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth The city was besieged by the Visigoths in 402, and the imperial residence was moved to Ravenna. The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Events By Place Western Roman Empire Stilicho recalls troops from the frontiers of the Roman Empire to Ravenna is a City and Comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Fifty years later (in 452), the Huns overran the city. Events By Place Western Roman Empire Attila, king of the Huns, invades Italy. The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy In 539, the Ostrogoths conquered and destroyed Milan in the course of the so-called Gothic War against Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Ravenna becomes an Exarchate of the Byzantine Empire. The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late See Gothic War (376-382 for the war on the Danube The Gothic War was a war fought in Italy and the adjoining regions of Dalmatia, Sardinia Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus ( Greek: Φλάβιος Πέτρος Σαββάτιος Ιουστινιανός; known in English as Justinian I or In the summer of 569, the Longobards (from which the name of the Italian region Lombardy derives) conquered Milan, overpowering the small Byzantine army left for its defence. Events By Place Byzantine Empire The King of the Garamantes signs a peace treaty with Byzantium. The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the Milan surrendered to the Franks in 774 when Charlemagne, in an utterly novel decision, took the title "King of the Lombards" as well (before then the Germanic kingdoms had frequently conquered each other, but none had adopted the title of King of another people). The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Events By Place Europe Charlemagne conquers the kingdom of the Lombards, and takes title King of the Lombards Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Subsequently Milan was part of the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in

Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, Milan prospered as a center of trade due to its command of the rich plain of the Po and routes from Italy across the Alps. The war of conquest by Frederick I Barbarossa against the Lombard cities brought the destruction of much of Milan in 1162. Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned After the founding of the Lombard League in 1167, Milan took the leading role in this alliance. The Lombard League was an alliance formed around 1167, which at its apex included most of the cities of Northern Italy (although its membership changed in As a result of the independence that the Lombard cities gained in the Peace of Constance in 1183, Milan became a duchy. The Peace of Constance of 1183 was signed in Konstanz by Frederick Barbarossa and representatives of the Lombard League. In 1208 Rambertino Buvalelli served a term as podestà of the city, in 1242 Luca Grimaldi, and in 1282 Luchetto Gattilusio. Rambertino di Guido Buvalelli (1170/1180 &ndash September 1221 a Bolognese judge statesman diplomat and poet was the earliest of the Podestà - For information on the phantom island of the same name see Podesta (island. Luca Grimaldi (fl 1240&ndash1275 was a Genoese Troubadour and Guelph politician and diplomat Luchetto Gattilusio (fl 1248 &ndash 1307 was a Genoese statesman diplomat and man of letters In 1395, Gian Galeazzo Visconti became duke of Milan. Gian Galeazzo Visconti (November 1351 – September 3, 1402) son of Galeazzo II Visconti and Bianca di Savoia, was the first Duke of Milan In 1450, Milan passed to the noble House of Sforza, which made Milan one of the leading cities of the Italian Renaissance. Sforza was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere

Periods of Spanish, French and Austrian domination

The French king Louis XII first laid claim to the duchy in 1492. Louis XII ( June 27, 1462 – January 1, 1515) called "the Father of the People" (Le Père du Peuple was the thirty-fifth king At that time, Milan was defended by Swiss mercenaries. After the victory of Louis’s successor Francis I over the Swiss at the Battle of Marignano, the duchy was promised to the French king Francis I. The Battle of Marignano was a battle fought during the phase of the Italian Wars (1494&ndash1559 called the War of the League of Cambrai, that took place on Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 When the Habsburg Charles V defeated Francis I at the Battle of Pavia in 1525, northern Italy, including Milan, passed to the House of Habsburg. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was In 1556, Charles V abdicated in favour of his son Philip II and his brother Ferdinand I. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor ( Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid) Kingdom of Castile (now Spain) 10 March 1503 &ndash Charles’s Italian possessions, including Milan, passed to Philip II and the Spanish line of Habsburgs, while Ferdinand’s Austrian line of Habsburgs ruled the Holy Roman Empire.

However, in 1700 the Spanish line of Habsburgs was extinguished with the death of Charles II. Charles II ( November 6 1661, Madrid – November 1 1700, Madrid was the last Habsburg King of Spain and the After his death, the War of the Spanish Succession began in 1701 with the occupation of all Spanish possessions by French troops backing the claim of the French Philippe of Anjou to the Spanish throne. In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting Philip V of Spain ( December 19, 1683 - July 9, 1746) born Philippe de France, Fils de France and duc d'Anjou In 1706, the French were defeated in Ramillies and Turin and were forced to yield northern Italy to the Austrian Habsburgs. Year 1706 ( MDCCVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Battle of Ramillies ( was a major engagement of the War of the Spanish Succession fought on 23 May 1706 The Battle of Turin took place on 7 September 1706 west of the city of Turin during the War of the Spanish Succession. In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht formally confirmed Austrian sovereignty over most of Spain’s Italian possessions including Lombardy and its capital, Milan. Year 1713 ( MDCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Treaty of Utrecht that established the Peace of Utrecht, rather than a single document comprised a series of individual peace treaties signed in the Dutch Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the

19th Century

Napoleon conquered Lombardy in 1796, and Milan was declared capital of the Cisalpine Republic. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Cisalpine Republic ( Repubblica Cisalpina) was a French client republic in Northern Italy that lasted from 1797 to 1802. Later, he declared Milan capital of the Reign of Italy and was crowned in the Duomo. Once Napoleon’s occupation ended, the Congress of Vienna returned Lombardy, and Milan, along with the Veneto, to Austrian control in 1815. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich Veneto or Venetia ( Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy. During this period, Milan became a centre of lyric opera. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Here Mozart wrote three operas, and in a few years La Scala became the reference theatre in the world, with its premieres of Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini and Verdi. The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous Opera houses The theatre was Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 &ndash 8 April 1848 was an Italian composer from Bergamo, Lombardy. Verdi himself is now tumulated in a precious Institute, the "Casa di Riposo per Musicisti", the Verdi's present to Milan. In the 19th century other important theatres were La Cannobiana and the Teatro Carcano.

On March 18, 1848, the Milanese rebelled against Austrian rule, during the so-called "Five Days" (It. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Cinque Giornate), and Field Marshall Radetzky was forced to withdraw from the city temporarily. However, after defeating Italian forces at Custoza on July 24, Radetzky was able to reassert Austrian control over Milan and northern Italy. The Battle of Custoza (1848 was fought on 24 and 25 July 1848 during the First Italian War of Independence between the armies of the Austrian Empire, led by Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. However, Italian nationalists, championed by the Kingdom of Sardinia, called for the removal of Austria in the interest of Italian unification. Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian Sardinia and France formed an alliance and defeated Austria at the Battle of Solferino in 1859. The Battle of Solferino was fought on June 24, 1859 and resulted in the victory of the allied French Army under Napoleon III and Sardinian Following this battle, Milan and the rest of Lombardy were incorporated into the Kingdom of Sardinia, which soon gained control of most of Italy and in 1861 was rechristened as the Kingdom of Italy. There have been several distinct entities known as the Kingdom of Italy.

The political unification of Italy cemented Milan’s commercial dominance over northern Italy. Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian It also led to a flurry of railway construction that made Milan the rail hub of northern Italy. Rapid industrialization put Milan at the centre of Italy’s leading industrial region,in the 90s of XIX Century Milan was sheked by the a riot related to an high inflation rate. The Bava Beccaris massacre, named after the Italian General Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris, refers to the repression of widespread Riots in Milan in May 1898 Meanwhile, as Milanese banks dominated Italy’s financial sphere, the city became the country’s leading financial centre. Milan’s economic growth brought a rapid expansion in the city’s area and population during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

20th Century

In 1919, Benito Mussolini organized the Blackshirts, who formed the core of Italy’s Fascist movement, in Milan. For other uses and meanings see Blackshirts (disambiguation. The Blackshirts ( Italian: camicie nere, The term Italian Fascism denotes the totalitarian Fascismo political movement that ruled Italy from 1922 until 1943 under leader Benito Mussolini In 1922, Mussolini started his March on Rome from Milan. The March on Rome ( Marcia su Roma) was a Coup d'état by which Mussolini 's National Fascist Party ( Partito Nazionale Fascista

During World War II, Milan suffered severe damage from British and American bombing, Even though Italy quit the war in 1943, the Germans occupied most of northern Italy until 1945. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Armistice with Italy was an Armistice signed on September 3 and publicly declared on September 8, 1943, during World War II, between Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Some of the worst Allied bombing of Milan was in 1944. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose Much of the bombing focused around Milan's main train station. Milan Central Station (in Italian Stazione Centrale di Milano or Milano Centrale) is one of the main European Railway stations It is a

In 1943, anti-German resistance in occupied Italy increased and there were explosions in Milan.

As the war came to an end, the American 1st Armored Division advanced on Milan as part of the Po Valley Campaign. The 1st Armored Division &mdashnicknamed “ Old Ironsides ”&mdash is a standing armored division of the United States Army with base of operations The Spring 1945 offensive in Italy was the Allied attack by Fifth United States Army and British 8th Army into the Lombardy Plain which started on April But even before they arrived, members of the Italian resistance movement rose up in open revolt in Milan and liberated the city. The Italian Resistance movement was a partisan force during World War II. Nearby, Mussolini and several members of his Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana, or RSI) were captured by the resistance at Dongo and executed. The Italian Social Republic ( Italian: Repubblica Sociale Italiana or RSI) was a Puppet state of Nazi Germany led by the "Duce of the Dongo is a Comune in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy. On 29 April 1945, the bodies of the Fascists were taken to Milan and hung unceremoniously upside-down at Piazzale loreto a public square. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar

After the war the city was the site of a refugee camp for Jews fleeing from Austria. Milan was a post World War II Displaced person camp in the city of Milan, one of the few such camps in a major Italian city During the 1950s and 1960s, thousands of Italians, particularly from Southern Italy, moved to Milan to seek jobs within the city’s rapidly expanding economy and the population peaked at 1,723,000 in 1971. Geography Southern Italy forms the lower "boot" of the Italian peninsula containing the ankle (Abruzzo and Molise and southern Lazio the toe (Calabria and the heel From the 1980s Milan become to host many immigrants from other countries of third world. However, much of Milan's population was lost during the 1970s and 1980s to the belt of new suburbs and small cities surrounding Milan. Nonetheless, Milan’s population seems to have stabilized, and there has been a slight increase in the population of the city since 2001.

Municipal Administration

Politics

See also: Mayors of Milan

• Name of the Mayor: Letizia Brichetto Arnaboldi in Moratti
• Date of election: May 30, 2006
• Party: Forza Italia - Popolo delle Libertà

Of nine boroughs into which Milan is divided, eight are governed by centre-right coalition (1-8) and one by centre-left coalition (9). This is a list of mayors of Milan ( sindaci di Milano ' See also List of rulers of Milan Letizia Brichetto-Arnaboldi Moratti (born 26 November 1949) is an Italian businesswoman and Politician. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Forza Italia (Forward Italy FI is a Christian-democratic, liberal and liberal-conservative Italian political party led by Silvio

Administrative Subdivision

The city of Milan is subdivided into 9 administrative zones, called Zonas. In 1999 the administration decided to reduce the number of these zones from 21 to 9. The Zona 1 is in the historic centre, the others eight zones form the borders of the first to the suburbs^[7].

The following table reports the datas for every Zona; the total population is higher than the official city population because it includes foreign born immigrants with permits in its count.

	Zona	Area (km²)	Population (31 December 2006)	Density (inhab/km²)	Subdivisions
Zona 1	Centro Storico	9. 67	107,087	11,074	centro storico, Piazza Duomo, quartieri di Porta Magenta, Porta Tenaglia, Porta Sempione o Arco della Pace, Giardini Pubblici, Repubblica, Crocetta, Guastalla, Il Ticinese, Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio, Papiniano/San Vittore, Parco delle Basiliche, Carrobbio
Zona 2	Stazione Centrale, Gorla, Turro, Precotto, Greco, Crescenzago	12. 58	163,932	13,031	Porta Nuova, Centrale, Ponte Seveso, Loreto, Maggiolina, Villaggio dei Giornalisti, Greco, Gorla, Turro, Precotto, Padova, Crescenzago, Adriano, Breda, Cassina di Pomm
Zona 3	Porta Venezia, Città Studi, Lambrate	14. 23	153,470	10,785	Porta Venezia, Porta Monforte, Città Studi, Lambrate, Parco Lambro, Ortica, Feltre, Casoretto, Corelli, Rottole, Cimiano, Carnia, Naviglio Martesana
Zona 4	Porta Vittoria, Porta Romana, Forlanini, Monlué, Rogoredo	20. 95	169,051	8,069	Porta Vittoria, Porta Romana, Libia, Cavriano, Calvairate, Monluè, Taliedo, La Trecca, Porto, Gamboloita, Nosedo, Corvetto, Rogoredo, Santa Giulia, Morsenchio, Forlanini, Omero, Mazzini, San Luigi, Ponte Lambro
Zona 5	Porta Ticinese, Porta Lodovica, Vigentino, Chiaravalle, Gratosoglio	29. 87	134,016	4,487	Porta Ticinese, Porta Lodovica, Vigentino, Chiaravalle, Gratosoglio, Porta Vigentina, Conchetta, Ravizza, Ohm, Ripamonti, Vigentino, Ortles, Quaranta, Morivione, Spaventa, Stadera, Torretta, Meda, Conca Fallata, Vaiano Valle, Selvanesco, Casenuove, Macconago, Quintosole, Ronchetto delle Rane, Chiesa Rossa, Ferrari, Naviglio Pavese, Vettabbia, San Gottardo
Zona 6	Barona, Giambellino, Lorenteggio, Porta Genova	18. 28	164,487	8,998	Porta Genova, Darsena, Magolfa, Solari, San Cristoforo, Moncucco, Lorenteggio, Dazio del Lorenteggio, Molinetto di Lorenteggio, Giambellino, Restocco Maroni, Ronchetto sul Naviglio, Boffalora, Cascina Bianca, Cascina Cantalupa, Sant'Ambrogio, Bisceglie, Inganni, Frattini, Naviglio Grande, Barona, Santa Rita, Legioni Romane, Foppa
Zona 7	Porta Vercellina, Baggio, San Siro, Forze Armate	31. 34	190,969	6,093	Porta Vercellina, Baggio, San Siro, Forze Armate, S. Siro, Porta Vercellina, Aquileia, Piemonte, Washington, Marghera, Brescia, Siena, Saint Bon, San Carlo, Valsesia, Quinto Romano, Quarto Cagnino, Selinunte, Figino, Assiano, Muggiano, Novara, Marx, Bellaria, Ippodromi
Zona 8	Porta Volta, Fiera, Gallaratese, Quarto Oggiaro	23. 72	197,484	8,326	Porta Volta, Fiera, Gallaratese, (Gallaratese I° e Gallaratese II°), Quarto Oggiaro, Sempione, Bullona, Monumentale, Porta Comasina, Cenisio, Paolo Sarpi, Ghisolfa, Cagnola, Il Portello, Monte Stella, Boldinasco, Q. T. 8, Bonola, Ghisallo, Trenno, Lampugnano, San Leonardo, Accursio, Musocco, Porta Volta, Villapizzone, Garegnano, Vialba, Certosa, Quarto Oggiaro, Belgioioso
Zona 9	Affori, Porta Nuova, Niguarda, Bovisa, Fulvio Testi	21. 12	194,386	9,204	Affori, Porta Nuova, Niguarda, Bovisa, Fulvio Testi, Centro Direzionale, Gioia, Isola, Zara, Lancetti/Dogana, Farini, Bovisasca, Dergano, Derganino, Montalbino, Prato Centenaro, Cà Granda, Comasina, Segnano, Bicocca, Sarca, Fermi, Astesani, Maciachini, Bruzzano, Parco Nord, Seveso
	Total City	181,76	1,483,882	8,164

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification Milan is typically classified as having a Humid subtropical climate (Cfa). The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters In contrast to most of Italy, which is famous for a comfortable Mediterranean climate, Milan's winters are typically damp and cold, while summers are warm and quite muggy at times. A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide Average temperatures are -3/+6°C in January and +15/+28°C in July. Snowfalls are relatively common in winter, even if in the last 15-20 years they have decreased in frequency and amount. The historic average of Milan's area is between 35 and 45 cm (16"/18"); single snowfalls over 30-50 cm in 1-3 days happen periodically, with a record of 80-100 cm during the famous snowfall of January 1985. Humidity is quite high during the whole year and annual precipitation averages about 1000 mm (40 in). In the stereotypical image, the city is often shrouded in the fog characteristic of the Po Basin, although the removal of rice fields from the southern neighbourhoods, urban heating effect and the reduction of pollution levels have reduced this phenomenon in recent years, at least in the downtown.

Weather averages for Milan
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	6 (44)	8 (47)	13 (56)	16 (62)	21 (70)	25 (77)	28 (83)	28 (82)	24 (75)	17 (64)	11 (52)	7 (45)	17 (63)
Average low °C (°F)	-4 (25)	-3 (27)	1 (34)	4 (40)	9 (49)	12 (55)	15 (60)	15 (60)	12 (54)	6 (44)	0 (33)	-3 (26)	5 (42)
Precipitation cm (inches)	5 (2. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 0)	6 (2. 4)	8 (3. 5)	12 (4. 9)	12 (4. 9)	8 (3. 5)	6 (2. 5)	8 (3. 5)	6 (2. 7)	8 (3. 3)	10 (4. 2)	5 (2. 0)	97 (38. 3)
Source: Weatherbase[8] 2008

Main sights

See also: Buildings and structures in Milan

Milan is one of the major artistic centres of northern Italy. Its chief landmarks include:

• The Duomo, the world's largest collection of marble statues with the widely visible golden Madonna statue on top of the spire, la Madunina (little Madonna), the symbol of Milan. Milan Cathedral (Italian Duomo di Milano; Milanese: Domm de Milan) is the Cathedral
• Teatro alla Scala. The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous Opera houses The theatre was Milan is also one of the most important centres in the world for Opera lirica, with his famous Teatro alla Scala (La Scala). Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous Opera houses The theatre was
• The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, a large, covered arcade linking the Duomo's piazza with the Teatro alla Scala. The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II is a covered double arcade formed of two glass-vaulted arcades at right angles intersecting in an Octagon; it is prominently
• The Castello Sforzesco
• The Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio
• The Palaeo-Christian Basilica of San Lorenzo
• The Biblioteca Ambrosiana, containing drawings and notebooks by Leonardo da Vinci among its vast holdings of books, manuscripts, and drawings, and is one of the main repositories of European culture. Castello Sforzesco ( English: Sforza Castle is a castle in Milan, Italy that now houses several of the city's museum and art gallery collections See also Sant'Ambrogio Florence The Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio ( St The Basilica of Saint Lawrence ( Chiesa di San Lorenzo Maggiore) is a church in Milan, northern Italy, dedicated to the Christian Martyr The Biblioteca Ambrosiana is a historical Library in Milan, also housing the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana art gallery Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( April 15 1452 – May 2 1519 was an Italian Polymath, having been a scientist Mathematician, Engineer The city is also the home of the Brera Academy of Fine Arts. This article concerns the Milanese art gallery For the automobile see Alfa Romeo Brera.
• The church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, which houses one of the most famous paintings of Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper (L'ultima cena or Il cenacolo). Santa Maria delle Grazie is a famous church and convent in Milan, included in the UNESCO World Heritage sites list Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( April 15 1452 – May 2 1519 was an Italian Polymath, having been a scientist Mathematician, Engineer The Last Supper (Il Cenacolo or L'Ultima Cena) is a 15th century Mural painting in Milan created by Leonardo da Vinci for his patron
• The church of Santa Maria presso San Satiro, with a famous trompe l'oeil traditionally ascribed to Bramante
• The Cimitero Monumentale di Milano. Santa Maria presso San Satiro is a church of Milan. The church lies on the site of a primitive worship place erected by the archbishop Anspertus in Trompe-l'œil, which can also be spelled without the hyphen in English ( French: "trick the eye" tʁɔ̃p lœj is an Art technique involving extremely Donato Bramante (1444 – March 11, 1514) was an Italian Architect, who introduced the Early Renaissance style to Milan and the High Renaissance The Cimitero Monumentale in Milan, Italy is a very large cemetery located on the square given its name Piazzale del Cimitero Monumentale
• The Pinacoteca di Brera, Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Poldi Pezzoli, the Bagatti Valsecchi Museum and the Musei del Castello galleries, which host a great number of pictorial masterpieces. This article concerns the Milanese art gallery For the automobile see Alfa Romeo Brera. The Biblioteca Ambrosiana is a historical Library in Milan, also housing the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana art gallery The Museo Poldi Pezzoli is an art museum in Milan, Italy. The museum was originated in the 19th century as private collection of Gian Giacomo Poldi Pezzoli and his The Bagatti Valsecchi Museum is a not-for-profit historic house museum in the Montenapoleone district of downtown Milan, northern Italy

Demographics

The city proper (Comune di Milano) has a population of 1,303,437 inhabitants (2006). Between 1991 to 2001, the city proper has lost 113,084 inhabitants (8. 3 percent), mostly due to suburban sprawl and expulsion of population from the inner city centre, which is now almost fully dedicated to offices and commerce. The population of the urban area, that coincides with the Province of Milan, is estimated as of 2006 to be 3,884,481 [1]. The Province of Milan (Provincia di Milano Western Lombard (non-official lmo ''Provincia de Milan''/lmo ''Pruìncia de Milàn'' is a province in the Finally, the official population of the Milan Metropolitan area counts over 7. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central 4 million residents, the largest in Italy [2]. As of 2006, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 292,204 foreign-born immigrants live in Milan Urban Area, equal to 7. 6% of total population.

Economy

Milan is one of the major financial and business centres of the world. The city is the seat of the Italian Stock Exchange (the Borsa Italiana)"Piazza Affari" and its hinterland is an avant-garde industrial area. The Borsa Italiana Sp A, based in Milan, is Italy 's main Stock exchange. The hinterland is the land or district behind the borders of a coast or river Milan was included in a list of ten "Alpha world cities" by Peter J. Taylor and Robert E. Lang of the Brookings Institution in the economic report "U. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organization based in Washington D S. Cities in the 'World City Network'" (Key Findings, Full ReportPDF (940 KiB)). A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International

Milan is also well-known as the seat of the Alfa Romeo motorcar company, for its silk production, and as one of the world's capitals for fashion and a world leader for design. Alfa Romeo Automobiles SpA is an Italian Automaker founded in 1910 Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons Fashion design is the Applied art dedicated to Clothing and lifestyle Accessories created within the cultural and social influences of a specific time

Milan also provides directional functions for the whole of Lombardy, as its industrial base has been externalized throughout the region in the 1960s-70s.

FieraMilano, the city's Exhibition Centre and Trade Fair complex, is notable. FieraMilano is a large-scale exhibition centre located in the Milan metropolitan area in the town of Rho, Italy. The original fairground, known as "FieraMilanoCity", is slated for redevelopment. The new fairground, in the north-western suburb of Rho, opened in April 2005, making the Fiera Milano the largest trade fair complex in the world. Rho is a town near Milan, Italy and has about 51000 inhabitants

Milan of the future

At present, Milan is experiencing a significant architectural and urban design renaissance. Many new construction projects are under way with the aim of rehabilitating disused, peripheral industrial areas, including entire quarters. Examples of these projects include: the addition to the Teatro alla Scala; the CityLife project in the old "fiera" site; the new quarter Santa Giulia; and the Porta Nuova project in the Garibaldi-Repubblica zone. The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous Opera houses The theatre was CityLife is the name of a development in the city of Milan under development by a group of companies (Properties Generali SpA leader RAS SpA Immobiliare Lombarda SpA Lamaro Famous architects are involved in the construction of this "new" Milan, such as Renzo Piano, Norman Foster, Zaha Hadid, Massimiliano Fuksas and Daniel Libeskind. Renzo Piano (born September 14 1937) is a world renowned Italian Norman Robert Foster Baron Foster of Thames Bank, OM, FRIBA, RDI, (born 1 June 1935) is a British architect whose company Zaha Hadid (زها حديد CBE (born October 31 1950 Baghdad, Iraq) is a notable British Iraqi deconstructivist Architect Massimiliano Fuksas is an Italian Architect, born in Rome in 1944 Daniel Libeskind, (born May 12 1946 in Łódź, Poland) is an American Architect, Artist, and Set designer of These major works will give Milan a new skyline no longer dominated by the Duomo and the Pirelli Tower. Milan Cathedral (Italian Duomo di Milano; Milanese: Domm de Milan) is the Cathedral The Pirelli Tower or Pirelli Building (Italian Grattacielo Pirelli - also called " Pirellone " is a prominent building in Milan

This urban rebirth will continue due to the selection of Milan to host Expo 2015. Expo 2015 is the next scheduled Universal Exposition after Expo 2010, and will be hosted by Milan, Italy.

Education

Milan is home to numerous universities and other institutions of higher learning:

Medical

• Vita-Salute San Raffaele University

Architecture and engineering

• Politecnico di Milano

Business, economic and social

• Bocconi University
• Scuola Superiore di Direzione Aziendale – Bocconi

Language, art and music

• Accademia d’Arti e Mestieri dello Spettacolo alla Scala
• Brera Academy Academy of Fine Arts of Brera
• Università I.U.L.M.
• Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti Milano - NABA
• Conservatorio Superiore "G. Verdi" di Milano
• Scuola Beato Angelico

Fashion and design

• Domus Academy, Postgraduate School of Design
• Istituto Europeo di Design
• Istituto Marangoni
• Politecnico di Milano - Facoltà del Design
• SPD Scuola Politecnica Di Design

Other

• I. The Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele is a university located in Milan, Italy. The Politecnico di Milano University is the largest technical University in Italy, with about 40000 students Bocconi University (full official name in Italian Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi) is a private university located near the city center of Milan SDA Bocconi School of Management is one of the leading Business schools in Europe. The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous Opera houses The theatre was The Academy of Fine Arts of Brera, (Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera also known as Brera Academy ( it Accademia di Brera) is a public academic institution located The IULM University - Milan (Libera Università di Lingue e Comunicazione IULM) is a university located in Milan, Italy. Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti Milano (NABA s a private Academy within the Higher Education Fine Arts System ( that is a department of the Italian Universities governed by Ministry Founded in 1807 the Milan Conservatory, or the Conservatorio di musica Giuseppe Verdi, is the leading musical institution in Italy Domus Academy is an international Postgraduate school of Design based in Milan, Italy that share the eminence of the Royal College The Istituto Europeo di Design (IED is a design school that is spread out over six cities in three countries Istituto Marangoni is a fashion institute with campuses in Milan, London, and Paris. S. E. F. Milano – Centro accademico sportivo "Rino Fenaroli"

Transportation

Airports

The city has a large international airport known as Malpensa International Airport (MXP), located near the industrial towns of Busto Arsizio and Gallarate and connected to the downtown with the "Malpensa Express" railway service (from Cadorna Station and central station ). Malpensa Airport is located in the province of Varese, about 50 km from central Milan, Italy. Busto Arsizio is a City in the region of Lombardy, in northern Italy, 25 km north of Milan in the Province of Varese. Gallarate is a City of Lombardy, Italy, in the Province of Varese. Malpensa was designed by the famous Ettore Sottsass. Ettore Sottsass ( 14 September 1917 &ndash 31 December 2007) was an Innsbruck -born Italian Milan also has the Linate Airport (LIN) within the city limits (for European and domestic traffic), connected with bus line 73 (from S. Linate Airport is one of the two major Airports of Milan, Italy along with Malpensa International Airport. Babila). A third airport is Orio al Serio (BGY), close to the city of Bergamo. Orio al Serio International Airport is an Airport located in Orio al Serio, near Bergamo, Italy, and it serves the low-cost traffic Bergamo ( Bèrghem in Lombard, antiquated Wälsch-Bergen in German) is a town in Lombardy, Italy, about Vergiate, Venegono, Bresso, Voghera and Montichiari are additional airports in the region.

Subways, tramways, trolleybuses and buses

Milan has 3 subway lines (M1 – red, M2 – green, M3 – yellow) and the system, called Milan Metro – "La Metro", running for more than 80 km. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway The Milan transportation system (Italian Rete metropolitana di Milano) is the transport network of Milan, Italy. There is also a light metro-service, "Metrò S. Raffaele", connecting the San Raffaele Hospital with Cascina Gobba station (M2). Extensions of lines 1, 2 and 3 are under construction, to create more than 15 km of track with 10 new stations. Line 5 is also under construction, to be finished in the first half of 2012. Lines 4 (linking downtown with Linate Airport) and 6 are in planning stages.

The "Passante" is a railway tunnel under the city centre used by suburban trains, and allow passengers coming from suburbs a direct interchange to the three (soon to be four) metro lines at Garibaldi, Repubblica and P. ta Venezia stations.

Greater Milan also has one of the most extensive tramway systems in the world, with more than 286 km of track, and 20 lines.

Milan also has four trolleybus routes; included in the fleet are ten air-conditioned Cristalis trolleybuses.

Ninety-three bus lines cover over 1,070 km between them. The local transportation authority (ATM) transported more than 600 million passengers in 2003 .

Railways

Milan is the second railway hub of Italy, and the five major stations of Milan, amongst which the Milan Central station, are among Italy's busiest. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Milan Central Station (in Italian Stazione Centrale di Milano or Milano Centrale) is one of the main European Railway stations It is a The first railroad built in Milan, the Milan and Monza Rail Road was opened for service on August 17, 1840. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year

High speed train lines are under construction all across Italy, and new lines will open from Milan to Rome and Naples, and from Milan to Torino.

Other than the Central Station, High Speed Trains will sometimes stop also at:

• Milano Rogoredo (for trains coming from Bologna and Rome)
• Milano/Rho Fiera (from Turin)
• Milano Pioltello (from the planned high speed line from Venice)

Regional-Metropolitan Railway services

The Suburban Railway Service ( "S" Lines, a service similar to the French RER and German S-Bahn), composed of eight suburban lines and ten more scheduled for 2008, connects the "Greater Milan" to cities such as Como and Varese. Como is a City in Lombardy, Italy, north of Milan. Situated at the southern tip of the south-west arm of Lake Como, it See Edgard Varèse for the composer Varese (vaˈreze in Italian Varès in the local Lombard Dialect; The Regional Railway Service ("R"), instead, links Milan with the rest of Lombardy and the national railway system. Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the The "Passante ferroviario" is an underground railway serving a couple of "S" lines and is very much like another subway line (and is even marked as such on subway maps), except that it is connected to LeNord and Trenitalia suburban networks. Ferrovie Nord Milano (FNM SpA is an Italian public transport company the second largest railway company in Italy Trenitalia is the primary operator of trains within Italy. Trenitalia is owned by Ferrovie dello Stato, itself owned by the Italian Government. See the map of the M (subway) + S (regional metropolitan railway) Network on msrmilano. com Go on [3]

Taxis

Milan has a taxi service operated by private companies and licensed by the City of Milan (Comune di Milano). A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride All taxis are the same color, white. White is a Color, the perception which is evoked by Light that stimulates all three types of color sensitive Cone cells in the Human eye Prices are based on time elapsed and distance traveled. As the number of licences is kept low by lobbying of present taxi drivers, prices are fairly high (significantly higher than, for example, in New York) and finding a taxi may be difficult in rush hours, and almost impossible during public transportation strikes. The City of New York

Culture

Literature

In the late eighteenth century, and throughout the nineteenth, Milan was an important centre for intellectual discussion and literary creativity. The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous Opera houses The theatre was The Enlightenment found here a fertile ground. The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century Cesare Beccaria, with his famous Dei delitti e delle pene, and Pietro Verri, with the periodical Il Caffè were able to exert a considerable influence over the new middle-class culture, thanks also to an open-minded Austrian administration. Beccaria redirects here This article is about the philosopher and politician Dei delitti e delle pene ( English: "On Crimes and Punishments" is a seminal treatise on legal reform written by the Italian philosopher and thinker Pietro Verri ( December 12 1728 - June 28 1797) was an Italian philosopher, Economist, Historian and writer In the first years of the nineteenth century, the ideals of the Romantic movement made their impact on the cultural life of the city and its major writers debated the primacy of Classical versus Romantic poetry. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Here, too, Giuseppe Parini, and Ugo Foscolo published their most important works, and were admired by younger poets as masters of ethics, as well as of literary craftmanship. Giuseppe Parini ( May 23, 1729 August 15, 1799) was an Italian enlighted Satirist and Poet of Ugo Foscolo ( February 6, 1778 - September 10, 1827) was an Italian writer and poet Foscolo's poem Dei sepolcri was inspired by a Napoleonic law which—against the will of many of its inhabitants—was being extended to the city. Dei sepolcri is a Poem written by the Italian Poet, Ugo Foscolo in 1806 and published in 1807.

In the third decade of the nineteenth century, Alessandro Manzoni wrote his novel I Promessi Sposi, a Milanese story of the XVII century, etc. Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Manzoni ( March 7, 1785 May 22, 1873) was an Italian Poet and Novelist. The Betrothed (orig I Promessi Sposi is an Italian Historical novel by Alessandro Manzoni, first published in 1827, in . This historical novel was the real manifesto of Italian Romanticism, which found in Milan its centre. The periodical Il Conciliatore published articles by Silvio Pellico, Giovanni Berchet, Ludovico di Breme, who were both Romantic in poetry and patriotic in politics. Il Conciliatore was a progressive periodical influential in the Risorgimento, published in Milan from September 1818 until October 1819 by a group of intellectuals Silvio Pellico ( 24 June 1788 &ndash 31 January 1854) was an Italian writer poet Dramatist and patriot Giovanni Berchet, a poet and patriot was born in Milan in 1783

After the Unification of Italy in 1861, Milan lost its political importance; nevertheless it retained a sort of central position in cultural debates. Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian New ideas and movements from other countries of Europe were accepted and discussed: thus Realism and Naturalism gave birth to an Italian movement, Verismo. Verismo (meaning "realism" from Italian vero, meaning "truth" was an Italian literary movement born approximately between 1875 and 1895 The greatest verista novelist, Giovanni Verga, was born in Sicily but wrote his most important books in Milan. Giovanni Verga ( 2 September 1840 - 27 January 1922) was an Italian realist Writer, best known for his depictions

Media

Milan is the base of operations for many local and nationwide communication services and businesses, such as newspapers, magazines, and TV and radio stations.

Newspapers:

• Corriere della Sera
• Il Giornale
• Il Giorno
• Il Sole 24 Ore
• Il Manifesto
• La Repubblica
• La Gazzetta dello Sport (sports only)
• La Padania
• Libero
• Milano Finanza

Magazines:

• La Settimana Enigmistica
• Abitare (architecture & design monthly)
• Casabella (architecture & design monthly)
• Domus (architecture & design monthly)
• Panorama (weekly)

Language

In addition to Italian, approximately a third of the population of western Lombardy can speak the Western Lombard language, also known as Insubric. Corriere della Sera ("Evening Courier" is an Italian daily Newspaper (first in sales) published in Milan. Il Giornale is a Daily newspaper published in Milan, Italy Characterized from its birth by strong opposition to the left-wing parties of its Il Giorno is a poem written by Giuseppe Parini and published in 1763. Il Sole 24 Ore (ilˈsoːle ventikwatˈtroːre literally Italian meaning " the sun 24 hours ") is an Italian national daily business Il Manifesto ( Italian for "The Manifesto " is an Italian communist Newspaper. la Repubblica (meaning "the Republic" is as of 2006 the largest circulation Italian daily general-interest newspaper. La Gazzetta dello Sport is an Italian Newspaper dedicated to coverage of various Sports It was first published on 3 April 1896 Casabella is an Italian architectural and product-design magazine with a focus on modern radical design Domus is an Italian Magazine, first published in 1928 which focuses on Design and Architecture. Panorama is a Right wing Italian Newsmagazine. It was founded in 1962, and is currently owned by Italian Prime Minister Silvio Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the Western Lombard is a Romance language spoken in Italy, in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como In Milan, some natives of the city can speak the traditional Milanese language—that is to say the urban variety of Western Lombard, which is not to be confused with the Milanese-influenced regional variety of the Italian language. Milanese ( milanes, milanées, meneghin, meneghìn) is the central variety of Western Lombard language spoken in the

Religion

Milan's population, like that of Italy as a whole, is overwhelmingly Catholic. Other religions practised include Buddhism^[9], Judaism, Islam^[10][11] and Protestantism^[12][13]. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan.

Milan has its own historic Catholic rite known as the Ambrosian Rite (it: rito ambrosiano). This article is about the history and the current form of Ambrosian Rite for an explanation of the form of this Rite used before the Vatican-II see Traditional Ambrosian Rite It varies slightly from the typical Catholic rite (the Roman, used in all other western regions), with some differences in the liturgy and mass celebrations, and in the calendar (for example, the date of carnival is celebrated some days after the common date). A liturgy is the customary public worship done by a specific religious group according to their particular traditions Carnival is a festival season which occurs immediately before Lent; the main events are usually during February and March The Ambrosian rite is also practised in other surrounding locations in Lombardy and in the Swiss canton of Ticino. Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Canton Ticino or Ticino ( Italian: tiˈtʃiːno French and German: Tessin and) is the southernmost canton of

Another important difference concerns the liturgical music. The Gregorian chant was completely unused in Milan and surrounding areas, because the official one was its own Ambrosian chant, definitively established by the Council of Trent (1545-1563) and earlier than the Gregorian [4]. History Gregorian chant was organized codified and notated mainly in the Frankish lands of western and central Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries with later additions Ambrosian chant (also known as Milanese chant) is the liturgical plainchant repertory of the Ambrosian rite of the Roman Catholic Church related The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. To preserve this music there has developed the unique schola cantorum, a college, and an Institute in partnership with the "Pontifical Ambrosian Institute of Sacred Music" (PIAMS) in Rome [5].

Food

Like most cities in Italy, Milan and its surrounding area has its own regional cuisine. Milanese cuisine includes "cotoletta alla milanese", a breaded veal (pork and turkey can be used) cutlet pan-fried in butter (which some claim to be of Austrian origin, as it is similar to Viennese "Wienerschnitzel", while others claim that the "Wienerschnitzel" derived from the "cotoletta alla milanese"). Cotoletta (from "Costoletta" = "little rib" by the rib attached to the meat during and after the cooking is an Italian language word for a cooked Veal Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Other typical dishes are cassoeula (stewed pork rib chops and sausage with Savoy cabbage and tomato sauce), ossobuco (stewed veal shank with tomato or lemon sauce), risotto alla milanese (with saffron, white wine and beef marrow), busecca (stewed tripe with beans and tomato sauce), and brasato (stewed beef or pork with wine and potatoes). Ossobuco alla milanese (in English often spelled 'osso buco' or as 'osso bucco' with two c's noted by Merriam-Webster as an alternate spelling is a dish from Milan, Risotto is a rich and creamy traditional Italian rice dish It is one of the most common ways of Cooking rice in Italy. Season-related pastries include chiacchiere (flat fritters dusted with sugar) and tortelli (fried spherical cookies) for Carnival, colomba (glazed cake shaped as a dove) for Easter, pane dei morti ("Bread of the Dead", cookies aromatized with cinnamon) for All Soul's Day and panettone for Christmas. Carnival is a festival season which occurs immediately before Lent; the main events are usually during February and March Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. In Western Christianity, All Souls' Day commemorates the faithful departed. Panettone ( Milanese: panetton classical orthography panetùn other orthography is a typical Bread of Milan The salame milano, a salami with a very fine grain, is widespread throughout Italy. For other uses see Salama and Salameh. Salami is cured Sausage, fermented and air-dried The best known Milanese cheese is gorgonzola from the nearby town of that name, although today the major gorgonzola producers operate in Piedmont. Gorgonzola is a veined Italian Blue cheese, made from unskimmed cow's Milk.

Sports

The city hosted, among other events, the FIFA World Cup in 1934 and 1990, the UEFA European Football Championship in 1980. The FIFA World Cup, occasionally called the Football World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international Association football The UEFA European Football Championship is the main football competition of the men's national football teams governed by UEFA (the Union of European

Football is the most popular sport in Italy, and Milan is home to two world-famous football teams: A.C. Milan and Internazionale. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Associazione Calcio Milan, commonly referred to by the abbreviation Milan, is an Italian professional football club based in Milan, Lombardy Football Club Internazionale Milano, most commonly referred to as simply Internazionale, or Inter, is an Italian professional football club The former is normally referred to as "Mìlan" (notice the stress on the first syllable, unlike the English and Milanese name of the city), the latter as "Inter".

Milan is the only city in Europe whose teams have won both the European Cup and the Intercontinental Cup. Both teams play at Giuseppe Meazza – San Siro Stadium (85,700). For the town in the Province of Como, see San Siro (Como. For the saint after which these places are named see Syrus of Pavia or Syrus of Many of the strongest Italian football players were born in Milan, in the surrounding metropolitan area, or in Lombardy: Valentino Mazzola, Paolo Maldini, Giuseppe Meazza, Giacinto Facchetti, Luigi Riva, Gaetano Scirea, Giuseppe Bergomi, Walter Zenga, Antonio Cabrini, Roberto Donadoni, Gianluca Vialli, Silvio Piola, Gabriele Oriali, Giovanni Trapattoni and Franco Baresi as well as many others. Valentino Mazzola ( January 26, 1919 - May 4, 1949) was an Italian footballer and captain of the legendary Grande Torino Paolo Cesare Maldini ( born 26 June 1968 in Milan) is a legendary Italian footballer who has played his entire career for Giuseppe "Peppino" Meazza (23 August 1910–21 August 1979 also known as il "Balilla" Peppin and sometimes Pepp was an Italian footballer playing mainly for Giacinto Facchetti ( 18 July 1942 &ndash 4 September 2006) was an Italian football player Luigi Riva (born November 7, 1944) best known as Gigi Riva or by his nickname Rombo di Tuono (Thunder is a former Italian Gaetano Scirea (25 May 1953 &ndash 3 September 1989 was an Italian football player who is considered one of the greatest defenders of all-time Giuseppe Bergomi (born December 22, 1963 in Milan) is an Italian former Football (soccer player who spent his entire career Walter Zenga (born 28 April 1960 in Milan) is an Italian Football (soccer manager and former player a long-time Goalkeeper Antonio Cabrini (born October 8, 1957) is a Football (soccer coach and former successful player from Italy. Roberto Donadoni (born September 9, 1963 in Cisano Bergamasco, Province of Bergamo, Lombardy) is an Italian football Gianluca Vialli (born July 9, 1964 in Cremona) is a retired Italian football Striker and manager Silvio Piola ( September 29, 1913 &ndash October 4, 1996) was an Italian footballer from Robbio Lomellina Gabriele Oriali ( November 25, 1952) is a former football player from Italy who mainly played defensive midfield but could also play center-back Giovanni Trapattoni (born March 17, 1939 in Cusano Milanino, Province of Milan) is an Italian football coach considered Franco Baresi (born May 8, 1960 in Travagliato, Province of Brescia) is an Italian youth team coach and former football

• The famous Monza Formula One circuit is located near the city, inside a wide park. Autodromo Nazionale Monza is a Motorsport Race track near the town of Monza, Italy, north of Milan. It is one of the world's oldest car racing circuits. The capacity for the F1 races is currently around 137,000 spectators, although in the 1950s the stands could hold more than 250,000. It has hosted an F1 race nearly every year since the first year of competition, exception made of 1980.
• Olimpia Milano (sponsored Armani) is a successful italian and european basketball team. Olimpia Milano is a Lega Basket Italian professional Basketball team based in Milan, Italy, founded in 1936 by Milan businessman Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m It is one of the most important and succesful italian team and one of the top one in Europe too. Olimpia plays at the DatchForum arena (capacity 14,000)
• Rhinos Milano American Football Club is the oldest American football club in Milan and have won four Italian Super Bowls. Palmares They are one of the five foundation clubs of the Italian Football League.
• CUS Milano Baseball is the oldest baseball club in Milan and have won eight Italian Scudetti.
• The Amatori Rugby Milano have won 18 National Championships and are the most famous and important Rugby team in Italy. Amatori Rugby Milano is an Italian Rugby union team based in Milan, Italy. The Super 10 is the highest tier of the national Rugby union competition in Italy.
• Different ice hockey teams from Milan have won 30 National Championships between them. The Vipers Milano have won the last 5 national championships, the Alpenliga and several Coppa Italia, and are the leaders of that sport in Italy. Hockey Club Junior Milano Vipers are an Italian professional Ice hockey team from Milan, currently playing in Serie A. Serie A (full name la Serie A di hockey su ghiaccio, or A Series of ice hockey) is the name of the top tier of professional Ice hockey in Italy The Alpenliga was an international professional Ice hockey league which existed between 1991 and 1999 They play at the Agora Stadium (capacity 4,500) during the regular season, and at the Forum during playoffs
• Every year, Milan hosts the Bonfiglio Trophy Under 18 Tennis Tournament. It is the most important youth tournament in the world, and is played at the Milan Tennis Club. The central court has a capacity of 8000. Past winners include Tacchini, Jan Kodes, Adriano Panatta, Corrado Barazzutti, Moreno, Björn Borg, Smid, Ivan Lendl, Guy Forget, Jim Courier, Goran Ivanišević, Yevgeny Kafelnikov, and Guillermo Coria. Jan Kodes ( Czech: Jan Kodeš; born March 1 1946, in Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a right-handed Czech former Adriano Panatta (born July 9 1950) is a former professional Tennis player from Italy Corrado Barazzutti (born February 19, 1953, in Udine) is an Italian former Tennis player (bjœɳ bɔrj born 6 June 1956) is a former World No 1 Tennis player from Sweden who is widely regarded by observers and tennis players Ivan Lendl (born March 7, 1960) is a former World No 1 professional Tennis player of Czech origin Guy Forget (born January 4, 1965 in Casablanca, Morocco) is a former French professional Tennis player James Spencer "Jim" Courier Jr (born August 17 1970 in Sanford Florida) is a former world number one professional Tennis player from the Goran Šimun Ivanišević ( ɡǒran iʋanǐːʃɛʋiʨ born in Split, Croatia, Yugoslavia on September 13 1971 is a former professional Tennis Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Kafelnikov (born 18 February 1974 Евгений Александрович Кафельников) is a former World No Guillermo Sebastián Coria (born January 13, 1982 in Rufino, Santa Fe Province) nicknamed El Mago ( The Magician

Milan and Lombardy are official candidates for the Summer Olympic Games of 2020 ("Milan-Lombardy 2020"). Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the 2020 ( MMXX) will be a Leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Stadia

• Autodromo Nazionale Monza – car and motorcycle racing – 137,000
• San Siro – only football; Milan and Inter – 85,700
• Arena Civica – Athletics, Rugby, Football, American Football 30,000
• Brianteo – Athletics, Football – 18,568
• Ippodromo del Trotter – Horse Racing – 16,000
• Ippodromo del Galoppo – Horse Racing – 15,000
• Datch Forum – Basketball, Ice Hockey, Volleyball, Music – 9,000 to 12,000
• MazdaPalace – Basketball, Volleyball – 9,000
• Velodromo Vigorelli – Cycling, American Football – 12,000
• PalaLido – Basketball – 5,000
• Agorà – Ice Hockey – 4,000
• Nuovo Giuriati – Rugby – 4,000

There are other stadiums and multiuse palaces located in the metropolitan area, the biggest being Monza Brianteo Stadium (18,000 seats), the PalaDesio (10,000) and Geas Stadium (8,500). Autodromo Nazionale Monza is a Motorsport Race track near the town of Monza, Italy, north of Milan. For the town in the Province of Como, see San Siro (Como. For the saint after which these places are named see Syrus of Pavia or Syrus of Arena Civica is a multi-use Stadium in Milan, Italy, which was opened on 18 August, 1807 and is one of the city’s main examples Datch Forum di Assago (formerly known as Fila Forum, Forum di Assago; also known as DatchForum, Datchforum, Datch Forum) is an Velodromo Vigorelli is a Velodrome in Milan, Italy. It is currently used mostly for american football events

Club	League	Sport	Venue	Established	Championships
A.C. Milan	Serie A	Football	San Siro – Giuseppe Meazza	1899	4 World Club cups; 7 European championship; 17 Italian championship; 2 Cup Winners' Cup
F.C. Internazionale Milano	Serie A	Football	San Siro – Giuseppe Meazza	1908	2 World Club cups; 2 European championship; 16 Italian championship
Olimpia Milano	Serie A	Basketball	Datchforum	1936	1 World cup; 3 European championship; 25 Italian championship; 3 Cup Winners' Cup; 2 Korac cup
H.C. Milano/Milano Vipers	Serie A	Ice Hockey	Agorà	1924	2 European championship; 20 Italian championship
H. Associazione Calcio Milan, commonly referred to by the abbreviation Milan, is an Italian professional football club based in Milan, Lombardy Serie A (officially known as the Lega Calcio Serie A TIM for Sponsorship reasons is a professional league competition for football clubs located For the town in the Province of Como, see San Siro (Como. For the saint after which these places are named see Syrus of Pavia or Syrus of Football Club Internazionale Milano, most commonly referred to as simply Internazionale, or Inter, is an Italian professional football club Serie A (officially known as the Lega Calcio Serie A TIM for Sponsorship reasons is a professional league competition for football clubs located For the town in the Province of Como, see San Siro (Como. For the saint after which these places are named see Syrus of Pavia or Syrus of Olimpia Milano is a Lega Basket Italian professional Basketball team based in Milan, Italy, founded in 1936 by Milan businessman In Italian professional Basketball, the Serie A or Lega A Basket is the highest level club competition where play determines the national champion Datch Forum di Assago (formerly known as Fila Forum, Forum di Assago; also known as DatchForum, Datchforum, Datch Forum) is an Hockey Club Junior Milano Vipers are an Italian professional Ice hockey team from Milan, currently playing in Serie A. Serie A (full name la Serie A di hockey su ghiaccio, or A Series of ice hockey) is the name of the top tier of professional Ice hockey in Italy C. Diavoli/Devils today settled in Courmayeur	Serie A	Ice Hockey	–	1930	3 European championship; 7 Italian championship
Amatori Rugby Milano	Serie B	Rugby	Stadio Giuriati	1928	18 Italian championship
Rhinos Milano	Serie A2	American Football	Velodromo Vigorelli-Maspes	1977	4 Italian championship

Parks and gardens

• Orto Botanico di Brera, a historic botanical garden
• Orto Botanico di Cascina Rosa, a new botanical garden
• Parco Sempione, in ancient times the park of the Castello Sforzesco

Sister Cities

Milan is twinned with the following cities:

• Bethlehem, Palestinian Authority
• Birmingham, United Kingdom
• Chicago, USA
• Dakar, Senegal
• Frankfurt, Germany
• Krakow, Poland
• Lyon, France
• Melbourne, Australia
• Osaka, Japan
• Saint Petersburg, Russia
• Sao Paulo, Brazil
• Shanghai, People's Republic of China
• Tel Aviv, Israel
• Toronto, Canada

Other forms of cooperation and city friendship:

• Amman, Jordan
• Bangkok, Thailand
• Belgrade, Serbia
• Belo Horizonte, Brazil
• Buenos Aires, Argentina
• Daegu, South Korea
• Guadalajara, Mexico
• Lima, Peru
• Medellín, Colombia
• Minsk, Belarus
• Montreal, Canada
• Sofia, Bulgaria
• Zagreb, Croatia

See also

• Mayors of Milan
• Milan metropolitan area
• Province of Milan
• Lombardy

Notes

References

• The decline and fall of the Roman Empire (Edward Gibbon)
• The later Roman empire (Jones), Blackwell and Mott, Oxford
• Milano romana / Mario Mirabella Roberti (Rusconi publisher) 1984
• Marchesi, i percorsi della Storia Minerva Italica (It)
• Acts of international convention "Milan Capital"), Convegno archeologico internazionale Milano

capitale dell'impero romano 1990 ; Milano Altri autori: Sena Chiesa, Gemma Arslan, Ermanno A. Edward Gibbon ( April 27, 1737 January 16, 1794) was an English historian and Member of Parliament. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar)

• Milano tra l'eta repubblicana e l'eta augustea : atti del Convegno di studi, 26-27 marzo 1999, Milano
• Milano capitale dell'impero romano : 286-402 d. c. – (Milano) : Silvana, (1990). – 533 p.  : ill.  ; 28 cm.
• Milano capitale dell'Impero romano : 286-402 d. c. - album storico archeologico. – Milano : Cariplo : ET, 1991. – 111 p.  : ill.  ; 47 cm. (Pubbl. in occasione della Mostra tenuta a Milano nel) 1990. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar)
• Agostino a Milano: il battesimo - Agostino nelle terre di Ambrogio: 22-24 aprile 1987 / (relazioni di) Marta Sordi (et al. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) ) Augustinus publ.
• Anselmo, Conte di Rosate : istoria milanese al tempo del Barbarossa / Pietro Beneventi, Europia publ.

External links

• About Milan – information about the city, what to see, how to move.
• ATM - Milan's Transportation Company
• City of Milan - official Virtual Tour website
• City of Milan - official website
• City of Milan - touristic guide
• Rete Metropolitana di Milano (Italian)
• Salone internazionale del mobile Milan's furniture fair

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