Mikoyan MiG-29 - Citizendia

MiG-29
Russian Air Force MiG-29UB
Type	Multirole fighter
National origin	Soviet Union Russia
Manufacturer	Mikoyan
Maiden flight	6 October 1977
Introduced	August 1983
Status	Active service
Primary users	Russian Air Force Ukrainian Air Force Algerian Air Force Indian Air Force Iranian Air Force >
Produced	1982-present
Variants	Mikoyan MiG-29M Mikoyan MiG-35

The Mikoyan MiG-29 (Russian: Микоян МиГ-29) is a 4th generation jet fighter aircraft designed for the air superiority role in the Soviet Union. The Russian Air Force ( Russian: Военно-воздушные cилы России transliteration: Voyenno-vozdushnye sily Rossii) is the air force The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts JSC "RSK "MiG" or Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG in full (formerly Mikoyan or Mikoyan-i-Gurevich Design Bureau, Микоян The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays The Russian Air Force ( Russian: Военно-воздушные cилы России transliteration: Voyenno-vozdushnye sily Rossii) is the air force The Ukrainian Air Force (Повітряні Сили України Povitryani Syly Ukrayiny) is a part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The Algerian Air Force (QJJ is the aerial arm of the Algerian People's Military. The Indian Air Force (Devanāgarī भारतीय वायु सेना IAST Bhartiya Vāyu Senā is the air arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the The Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force (IRIAF ( is the aviation branch of the Iranian armed forces. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Mikoyan MiG-35 ( Микоян МиГ-35 NATO reporting name "Fulcrum-F") is a mature development of the MiG-29M/M2 and MiG-29K/KUB Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Aircraft classified as fourth generation jet fighters are those in service approximately from 1980–2010 representing the design concepts of the 1970s A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Developed in the 1970s by the Mikoyan design bureau, it entered service with the Soviet Air Force in 1983, and remains in use by the Russian Air Force as well as in many other nations. JSC "RSK "MiG" or Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG in full (formerly Mikoyan or Mikoyan-i-Gurevich Design Bureau, Микоян The Soviet Air Force, also known under the abbreviation VVS, transliterated from Russian: ВВС, Военно-воздушные силы ( Voenno-Vozdushnye The Russian Air Force ( Russian: Военно-воздушные cилы России transliteration: Voyenno-vozdushnye sily Rossii) is the air force NATO's reporting name for the MiG-29 is "Fulcrum", which was unofficially used by Soviet pilots in service. NATO reporting names are unclassified Code names for military equipment of the Eastern Bloc ( Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw pact ^[1] It was developed to counter new American fighters such as the F-16 Fighting Falcon, and the F/A-18 Hornet. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Development

Soviet MiG-29

MIG-29 fighter parked on the ramp after a demonstration flight for attendees at the Abbotsford Air Show

The history of the MiG-29, like that of the larger Sukhoi Su-27, started in 1969 when the Soviet Union learned of the U.S. Air Force’s 'F-X' program, which resulted in the F-15 Eagle. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Soviet leadership soon realized that the new American fighter would represent a serious technological advantage over all existing Soviet fighters. The MiG-21 was agile by the standards of its day, but had deficiencies in range, armament, and growth potential. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The MiG-23, developed to match the F-4 Phantom II, was fast and had more space for fuel and equipment, but lacked in maneuverability and dogfighting ability. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout What was needed was a better-balanced fighter with both good agility and sophisticated systems. In response, the Soviet General Staff issued a requirement for a Perspektivnyy Frontovoy Istrebitel (PFI, roughly "Advanced Frontline Fighter", literally "Perspective Frontline Fighter"). Specifications were extremely ambitious, calling for long range, good short-field performance (including the ability to use austere runways), excellent agility, Mach 2+ speed, and heavy armament. The aerodynamic design for the new aircraft was largely carried out by TsAGI in collaboration with the Sukhoi design bureau. TsAGI is a transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т ( ЦАГИ) or " Ts Sukhoi ( Сухой) is a major Russian manufacturer famous for its fighters

However, in 1971 the Soviets determined the PFI aircraft would be too expensive to procure in the quantities needed, and divided the requirement into the TPFI (Tyazhyolyy Perspektivnyy Frontovoy Istrebitel, "Heavy Advanced Tactical Fighter") and the LPFI (Lyogkiy Perspektivnyy Frontovoy Istrebitel, "Lightweight Advanced Tactical Fighter") programs, the latter paralleling the contemporary USAF decision that led to the "Lightweight Fighter" program and the F-16 Fighting Falcon and YF-17 Cobra. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The heavy fighter remained with Sukhoi, resulting in the Sukhoi Su-27, while the lightweight fighter went to Mikoyan. Detailed design work on the resultant Product 9, designated MiG-29A, began in 1974, with the first flight taking place on October 6, 1977. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays The pre-production aircraft was first spotted by United States reconnaissance satellites in November of that year; it was dubbed Ram-L because it was observed at the Zhukovsky flight test center near the town of Ramenskoye. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A spy satellite (officially referred to as a reconnaissance satellite) is an Earth observation satellite or Communications satellite deployed for Ramenskoye (Ра́менское is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 46 km south-east of Moscow. Early Western speculations suggested that the Ram-L was very similar in appearance to the YF-17 Cobra and powered by afterburning Tumansky R-25 turbojets. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The AfterBurner is a lighting solution for the Game Boy Advance system that was created by Triton-Labs WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout TurboJET (噴射飛航 is the brand name for the operations of the Hong Kong -based Shun Tak-China Travel Ship Management Limited (信德中旅船務管理有限公司

Despite program delays caused by the loss of two prototypes in engine-related accidents, the MiG-29B production version entered service in August 1983 at the Kubinka air base. Kubinka (Ку́бинка is a Town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. State acceptance trials were completed in 1984, and deliveries began the same year to the Soviet Frontal Aviation. The Soviet Air Force, also known under the abbreviation VVS, transliterated from Russian: ВВС, Военно-воздушные силы ( Voenno-Vozdushnye

The workload split between TPFI and LPFI became more apparent as the MiG-29 filtered into front-line service with the VVS in the mid-1980s. While the heavy, long range Su-27 was tasked with the more exotic and dangerous role of deep air-to-air sweeps of NATO high-value assets, the smaller MiG-29 directly replaced the MiG-23 in the frontal aviation role. The MiG-29 was positioned relatively close to the front lines, tasked with providing local air superiority to advancing Soviet motorized army units. Rugged landing gear and protective intake grates meant the MiG-29 could operate from the damaged or under-prepared airstrips Soviet war planners expected to encounter during a rapid armored advance. The MiG-29 was also tasked with escort duties for local strike and interdiction air packages, protecting vulnerable ground attack aircraft from NATO fighters such as the F-15 and F-16. Frontal aviation MiG-29s would ensure Soviet ground forces could operate under a safe air umbrella, moving forward with the troops as they advanced.

In the West, the new fighter was given the NATO reporting name "Fulcrum-A" because the pre-production MiG-29A, which should have logically received this designation, remained unknown in the West at that time. NATO reporting names are unclassified Code names for military equipment of the Eastern Bloc ( Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw pact The MiG-29B was widely exported in downgraded versions known as MiG-29B 9-12A and MiG-29B 9-12B (for Warsaw Pact and non-Warsaw Pact nations, respectively), with less capable avionics and no capability for delivering nuclear weapons. The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. Avionics means "aviation electronics" It comprises electronic systems for use on aircraft artificial satellites and spacecraft comprising Communications A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Total production was about 840 aircraft.

Refined versions of the MiG-29 with improved avionics were fielded by the Soviet Union, but Mikoyan's multi-role variants, including a carrier-based version designated MiG-29K, were never produced in large numbers. An aircraft carrier is a Warship designed with In the post-Soviet era, MiG-29 development was frustrated by the Mikoyan bureau's apparent lack of political clout compared to rival Sukhoi. Some more advanced versions are still being pursued for export, and updates of existing Russian aircraft are likely. New versions of the plane called MiG-29SMT and MiG-29M1/M2 are being developed. Furthermore, development of a carrier version, the MiG-29K, has been resumed for the Indian Navy's INS Vikramaditya aircraft carrier (formerly the Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov). The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the armed forces of India. Purchase On January 20, 2004, after years of negotiations Russia and India signed a deal for the sale of the ship the then- ''Admiral Differences from other Kiev class carriers The fourth of the Project 1143 aircraft carrying cruisers Baku had many differences to the rest of the class trialing technologies This version was originally meant for Soviet service onboard the Admiral Kuznetsov, but the bigger Sukhoi Su-33 was preferred instead. A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. Role While designated an aircraft carrier by the West the design of the Admiral Kuznetsov' class implies a mission different from that of either the United States WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

The Soviet Union did not assign official "popular names" to its aircraft, although unofficial nicknames were common. Unusually, some Soviet pilots found the MiG-29s NATO reporting name, Fulcrum, to be a flattering description of the aircraft's intended purpose, and it is sometimes unofficially used in Russian service. ^[1]

Design

Features

Mig-29UB of Swifts aerobatic team

Because it was developed from the same basic parameters laid out by TsAGI for the original PFI, the MiG-29 is aerodynamically broadly similar to the Sukhoi Su-27, but with some notable differences. The Strizhi ( Swifts (Стрижи are a Soviet and later Russian aerobatic performance demonstrator team connected with the Russian Air Force TsAGI is a transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т ( ЦАГИ) or " Ts It is built largely out of aluminium with some composite materials. WikipediaNaming Composite materials (or composites for short are engineered Materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical It has a mid-mounted swept wing with blended leading-edge root extensions (LERXs) swept at around 40°. A swept-wing is a wing Planform common on high-speed Aircraft, with the wing swept back instead of being set at right angles to the Fuselage. Leading edge extensions or LEX (also referred to as leading edge root extensions or LERX or strakes or chines) are There are swept tailplanes and two vertical fins, mounted on booms outboard of the engines. Automatic slats are mounted on the leading edges of the wings; they are four-segment on early models and five-segment on some later variants. Slats is also a nickname for Australian cricketer Michael Slater, and NHL executive Glen Sather Slats are Aerodynamic The leading edge is a line connecting the forward-most points of a Wing 's profile On the trailing edge, there are maneuvering flaps and wingtip ailerons. The trailing edge of a Wing is the rear edge of the wing where the airflow separated by the Leading edge rejoins after passing over and under the top and bottom surfaces For the band with a similar name see The Ailerons Ailerons are hinged control surfaces attached to the Trailing edge of the Wing of a Fixed-wing

The MiG-29 has hydraulic controls and a SAU-451 three-axis autopilot but, unlike the Su-27, no fly-by-wire control system. For the mechanical technology see Hydraulic machinery and Hydraulic cylinder Hydraulics is a topic of science and Engineering An autopilot is a mechanical electrical or hydraulic system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a human being Aircraft flight control systems consist of Flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls connecting linkages and the necessary operating mechanisms to control Nonetheless, it is very agile, with excellent instantaneous and sustained turn performance, high alpha capability, and a general resistance to spins. Angle of attack ( AOA, \alpha Greek letter alpha) is a term used in Aerodynamics to describe the Angle between the The airframe is stressed for 9-g (88 m/s²) maneuvers. g-force (also G-force, g-load) is a measurement of an object's Acceleration expressed in g s The controls have "soft" limiters to prevent the pilot from exceeding the g and alpha limits, but these can be disabled manually. In joint USAF-Luftwaffe exercises, the MiG-29 that the Luftwaffe fielded defeated the F-16 in close combat almost every time using its highly practical IRST sensor and helmet-mounted sight, together with the Vympel R-73 (NATO: AA-11 'Archer') missile.

Powerplant

Main article: Klimov RD-33

Klimov RD-33 turbofan engine

The MiG-29 has two widely spaced Klimov RD-33 turbofan engines, each rated at 50. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine 0 kN (11,240 lb) dry and 81. 3 kN (18,277 lb) in afterburner. The AfterBurner is a lighting solution for the Game Boy Advance system that was created by Triton-Labs The space between the engines generates lift, thereby reducing effective wing loading, to improve maneuverability. In Aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing The engines are fed through wedge-type intakes fitted under the LERXs, which have variable ramps to allow high-Mach speeds. An intake, or especially for aircraft inlet, is an air intake for an Engine. Mach number (\mathrm{Ma} or M (generally ˈmɑːk sometimes /ˈmɑːx/ or /ˈmæk/ is the speed of an object moving through air or any Fluid As an adaptation to rough-field operations, main air inlet can be closed completely and alter using the auxiliary air inlet on the upper fuselage for takeoff, landing, and low-altitude flying, preventing ingestion of ground debris (FOD, foreign object damage). Takeoff is the phase of Flight in which an Aircraft goes through a transition from moving along the ground ( Taxiing) to flying in the air usually Landing is the last part of a Flight, where a flying Animal, Aircraft, or Spacecraft returns to the ground Thereby the engines receive air through louvers on the LERXs which open automatically when intakes are closed. However the latest variant of the family, the MiG-35, eliminated these dorsal louvers, and adopted the mesh screens design in the main intakes, similar to those fitted to the Su-27. ^[2]

Range and fuel system

MiG-29 with drop tanks receiving fuel transferred from an Il-76 tanker

The internal fuel capacity of the original MiG-29B is only 4,365 liters distributed between six fuel tanks, four in the fuselage and one in each wing. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of Volume. A fuel tank is safe container for flammable liquids and typically part of an Engine system in which the Fuel is stored and propelled (fuel pump or released (pressurized As a result, the aircraft has a very limited range, in line with the original Soviet requirements for a point-defense fighter. For longer flights, this can be supplemented by a 1,500 liter (330 Imp gal, 395 USgal) centerline drop tank and, on later production batches, two 1,150 liter ( 365 Imp gal, 300 USgal) underwing drop tanks. The term drop tank (or belly tank) is used to describe auxiliary fuel tanks in both aeronautics and spaceflight In addition, a small number have been fitted with port-side inflight refueling probes, allowing much longer flight times by using a probe-and-drogue system. Aerial refueling, also called air refueling, in-flight refueling ( IFR) air-to-air refueling ( AAR) or tanking, is Some MiG-29B airframes have been upgraded to the "Fatback" configuration (MiG-29 9-13), which adds a dorsal-mounted internal fuel tank. Advanced variants, such as the MiG-35, can be fitted with a conformal fuel tank on the dorsal spine, although none of them have yet entered service. Conformal Fuel Tanks (CFTs are additional fuel tanks fitted closely to the profile of an aircraft which extend either range of an aircraft or Time on station with little

Cockpit

MiG-29 cockpit

The pilot flies the aircraft with a conventional centre stick and left hand throttle. An aircraft Cockpit arrangement where the control column (or Joystick) is located conventionally in the centre of the cockpit between the pilot 's legs He is seated on a Zvezda K-36DM zero-zero ejection seat which has had impressive performance in emergency escapes. Research & Development Production Enterprise Zvezda ( R&D PE Zvezda for short НПП Звезда translit In Aircraft, an ejection seat is a system designed to rescue the pilot or other crew of an aircraft (usually military in an emergency

The cockpit has conventional dials, with a head-up display (HUD) and a Shchel-3UM helmet-mounted sight, but no HOTAS ("hands-on-throttle-and-stick") capability. A head-up display, or HUD, is any transparent display that presents data without requiring the user to look away from his or her usual viewpont A head-mounted display or Helmet mounted display, both abbreviated 'HMD' is a display device worn on the head or as part of a helmet that has a small display optic HOTAS, an abbreviation for hands on throttle-and-stick, is a style of aircraft cockpit Human-Machine Interaction (HMI which allows the pilot to access the cockpit Emphasis seems to have been placed on making the cockpit similar to the earlier MiG-23 and other Soviet aircraft for ease of conversion, rather than on ergonomics. Ergonomics is the Scientific discipline concerned with Designing according to the human needs and the profession that applies theory principles data and methods Nonetheless, the MiG-29 does have substantially better visibility than most previous Russian jet fighters, thanks to a high-mounted bubble canopy. A bubble canopy is a canopy made like a soap Bubble, which attempts to provide 360° vision to the pilot An aircraft canopy is the transparent enclosure over the cockpit of some types of Aircraft. Upgraded models introduce "glass cockpits" with modern liquid-crystal (LCD) multi-function displays (MFDs) and true HOTAS. A glass cockpit is an Aircraft cockpit that features electronic instrument displays. A Multi-function display (MFD is a small screen ( CRT or LCD) in an Aircraft surrounded by multiple buttons that can be used to display information

Sensors

MiG-29 nose showing radome and IRST

The baseline MiG-29B has a Phazotron RLPK-29 (Radiolokatsyonnui Pritselnui Kompleks) radar Fire control system (FCS) which includes the N019 (Sapfir 29; NATO: 'Slot Back') look-down/shoot-down coherent pulse-Doppler radar and Ts100. JSC Phazotron ( Phazotron-NIIR) is Russia 's largest developer of military radars and Avionics. Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships Note the term " fire control " may also refer to means of stopping a fire such as sprinkler systems A fire-control system Look-down/shoot-down is a capability a radar system is said to possess if it is able to detect track and lock a target moving below the horizon as seen by the radar Pulse-Doppler is a Radar system capable of not only detecting target location (bearing range and altitude but also measuring its radial velocity (range-rate 02-02 digital computer. The original N-019A, which was supposed to put the MiG-29 on par with its Western counterparts, was a disappointment to VVS. It had serious shortcomings in beyond-visual-range (BVR) engagements. Tracking range against a fighter-sized target was only about 70 km (38 nm) in the frontal aspect and 35 km (19 nm) in the rear aspect. Range against bomber-sized targets was roughly double. Ten targets could be displayed in search mode, but the radar had to lock onto a single target for semi-active homing (SARH). Semi-active radar homing, or SARH, is a common type of Missile guidance system perhaps the most common type for longer range air-to-air and Surface-to-air The signal processor also had trouble with ground clutter, and ranges in the look-down mode were consequently further reduced. It was also quite susceptible to jamming. Radar jamming and deception is the intentional emission of Radio Frequency signals to interfere with the operation of a radar by saturating its receiver These problems meant the MiG-29 was not able to reliably utilize the new Vympel R-27R (NATO: AA-10 'Alamo') long-range SARH missile at its maximum ranges. The Vympel R-27 ( NATO reporting name AA-10 Alamo, Cyrillic P-27) is a medium-range Air-to-air missile developed by the Soviet

MiG-29UB on display, showing gunport

These performance deficiencies stemmed largely from the fact the N-019 radar was not, in fact, a new design. Instead, the system was a further development of the architecture already used in Phazotron's Sapfir-23ML system, then in use on the MiG-23ML. During the initial MiG-29 design specification period in the mid-1970s, Phazotron NIIR was tasked with producing a modern radar for the MiG-29. To speed development, Phazotron based its new design on the work undertaken by NPO Istok on the experimental "Soyuz" radar program. Accordingly, the N-019 was originally intended to have a flat planar array antenna and full digital signal processing, giving a detection and tracking range of at least 100km against a fighter-sized target. Given the state of Soviet avionics technology at the time, it was an ambitious goal. Testing and prototypes soon revealed this could not be attained in the required timeframe, at least not in a radar that would fit in the MiG-29's nose. Rather than design a completely new, albeit more modest radar, Phazotron reverted to a version of the twist cassegrain antenna used successfully on the Sapfir-23ML to save time and cost. This system used the same analog signal processors as their earlier designs, coupled with a NII Argon-designed Ts100 digital computer. While this decision provided a working radar system for the new fighter, it inherited all of the weak points of the earlier design. This reliance on 1960s-era technology continues to plague the MiG-29 in terms of its ability to detect and track airborne targets at ranges available with the R-27 and R-77 missiles, although new designs like the digital N-010 Zhuk-M address the serious signal processing shortcomings inherent in the analog design. The Russian R-77 (RVV-AE Missile ( NATO reporting name: AA-12 Adder) is a medium range air-to-air active radar-guided missile system Still, most MiG-29 aircraft in service continue to use the analog N-019 or N-019M radar, although VVS has indicated its desire to upgrade all existing MiG-29s to a fully digital system.

The N-019 was further compromised by Phazotron designer Adolf Tolkachev's betrayal of the radar to the CIA, for which he was executed in 1986. Adolf Tolkachev (1927 Aktyubinsk, Kazakhstan – 1986 was a Soviet Union electronics engineer who provided key documents to the CIA near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all In response to all of these problems, the Soviets hastily developed a modified N019M Topaz radar for the upgraded MiG-29S aircraft. However, VVS was reportedly still not satisfied with the performance of the system and demanded another upgrade. The latest upgraded aircraft offer the N-010 Zhuk-M), which has a planar array antenna rather than a dish, improving range, and a much superior processing ability, with multiple target engagement capability and compatibility with the Vympel R-77 (or RVV-AE) (NATO: AA-12 'Adder'). The Zhuk are a family of Russian (former USSR all weather multimode airborne Radars developed by NIIR Phazotron for multi-role combat aircraft such as the MiG-29 A useful feature the MiG-29 shares with the Su-27 is the S-31E2 KOLS, a combined laser rangefinder and IRST in an 'eyeball' mount forward of the cockpit canopy. This can be slaved to the radar or used independently, and provides exceptional gun-laying accuracy. Gun laying is the process of aiming an Artillery piece The term is also applied to describe the process of aiming smaller calibre weapons by radar or computer control

Armament

A Ukrainian Air Force MiG-29 with armaments laid out

Armament for the MiG-29 includes a single GSh-30-1 30 mm cannon in the port wing root. The Ukrainian Air Force (Повітряні Сили України Povitryani Syly Ukrayiny) is a part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 (also known by the service designation 9A-4071K) is a 30 mm cannon designed for use on Soviet and later Russian This originally had a 150-round magazine, which was reduced to 100 rounds in later variants. Original production MiG-29B aircraft cannot fire the cannon when carrying a centerline fuel tank as it blocks the shell ejection port. This issue was corrected in the MiG-29S and later versions. Three pylons are provided under each wing (four in some variants), for a total of six (or eight). The inboard pylons can carry either a 1,150 liter (300 US gallon) fuel tank, one Vympel R-27 (AA-10 'Alamo') medium-range air-to-air missile, or unguided bombs or rockets. The Vympel R-27 ( NATO reporting name AA-10 Alamo, Cyrillic P-27) is a medium-range Air-to-air missile developed by the Soviet Some Soviet aircraft could carry a single nuclear bomb on the port inboard station. The outer pylons usually carry R-73 (AA-11 'Archer') dogfight missiles, although some users still retain the older R-60 (AA-8 'Aphid'). The Vympel R-73 ( NATO reporting name AA-11 Archer) developed by Vympel machine Building Design Bureau, is the most modern Russian short-range The Molniya (now Vympel) R-60 ( NATO reporting name AA-8 ' Aphid') is a lightweight Air-to-air missile A single 1,500 liter (400 US gallon) tank can be fitted to the centerline, between the engines, for ferry flights, but this position is not used for combat stores. The original MiG-29B can carry general-purpose bombs and unguided rocket pods, but not precision-guided munitions. A general-purpose bomb is an air-dropped Bomb intended as a compromise between blast damage penetration and fragmentation in explosive effect Upgraded models have provision for laser-guided and electro-optical bombs, as well as air-to-surface missiles. A laser-guided bomb (LGB is a Precision-guided munition (PGM that uses semi-active Laser homing to strike a designated target with greater accuracy than a free-fall An air-to-surface missile (also air-to-ground missile, AGM, ASM or ATGM) is a Missile designed to be launched from Military

Operational history

MiG-29UB at the 1988 Farnborough Air Show

Iraqi MiG-29 destroyed during Operation Desert Storm

The MiG-29 was first publicly seen in the West during a visit to Finland in July 1986. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Two were displayed at the Farnborough Air Show in Britain in September 1988. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The following year, the aircraft conducted flying displays at the 1989 Paris Air Show where it was involved in a non-fatal crash during the first weekend of the show. ^[3] The Paris Air Show display was only the second display of Soviet fighters at an international air show since the 1930s. Western observers were impressed by its apparent capability and exceptional agility.

Combat action

The Soviet Union exported MiG-29s to several developing countries. Because 4th-generation fighter jets require the pilots to have extensive training, air-defense infrastructure, and constant maintenance and upgrade, MiG-29s have had mixed operational history with different air forces. For example, while the MiG-29s have an excellent operational history under the Indian Air Force which has invested heavily on the aircraft, it doesn't however have a good track record while serving the air forces of other countries like Iraq and Yugoslavia. The Indian Air Force (Devanāgarī भारतीय वायु सेना IAST Bhartiya Vāyu Senā is the air arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian

MiG-29s saw combat in the 1991 Gulf War at the hands of Iraqi pilots. According to the USAF, five MiG-29s were shot down, all by USAF F-15s. ^[4] Eight MiG-29 pilots managed to flee to Iran where their aircraft now serve in the Iranian Air Force, which now buys MiG-29s from Russia as well. The Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force (IRIAF ( is the aviation branch of the Iranian armed forces.

A Cuban MiG-29UB shot down two civilian Cessna 337s belonging to the organization Brothers to the Rescue in 1996, after the planes approached Cuban airspace. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Brothers to the Rescue ( Hermanos al Rescate) is a Miami -based Activist organization headed by José Basulto. ^[5]

In 1999, two Eritrean MIG-29s were shot down by Ethiopian Su-27s piloted by Russian mercenaries according to some reports; the first on February 25, 1999 and the second on February 26, 1999. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Other reports 5 MiG-29 shot down by SU-27. While there some other reports of Eritrain MiG-29s shooting down 2 Ethiopian MiG-21s. Another report of Eritrean Fulcrums shooting down another three MiG-23s. Little is know about this small conflict and reports on both sides are sketchy. [6]

On April 20, 2008, Georgian officials accused a Russian MiG-29 of shooting down a Georgian Hermes 450 unmanned aerial vehicle and provided video footage from the ill-fated drone showing an apparent MiG-29 launching an air-to-air missile at it. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV is an unpiloted Aircraft. UAVs can be remote controlled or fly autonomously based on pre-programmed flight plans or more complex dynamic Russia denies that the aircraft was theirs and says they didn't have any pilots in the air that day. Abkhazia's separatist administration claimed its own forces shot down the drone with an L-39 aircraft "because it was violating Abkhaz airspace and breaching ceasefire agreements. Abkhazia (Аҧсны Apsny აფხაზეთი Apkhazeti or Abkhazeti Абха́зия Abhazia) is a De facto WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout "^[6] UN investigation concluded that the video was authentic and that the drone was shot down by a Russian MiG-29 or Su-27 using a R-73 heat seeking missile [7]. The Vympel R-73 ( NATO reporting name AA-11 Archer) developed by Vympel machine Building Design Bureau, is the most modern Russian short-range

On May 10, 2008, the Darfur Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) fighters mounted an assault on the Sudanese capital. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM is a rebel group involved in the Darfur conflict of Sudan. The 2008 attack on Omdurman and Khartoum was a military advance by the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM a Darfuri rebel group against the Sudanese During this action, a Sudanese Air Force MiG-29 was shot down by Darfur Justice and Equality Movement rebel forces with 12. 7 mm and 14. 5 mm heavy machine guns fire while it was attacking a convoy of vehicles in Khartoum suburb of Omdurman. The aircraft was piloted by a Russian mercenary. He was killed in action as his parachute did not open after ejecting. Regular Sudanese forces managed to repulse the attack and Sudan accused Chad of backing JEM in its attempt. [8] [9][10]

MiG-29 in Indian service

The upgraded Indian MiG-29 Baaz have the more powerful RD-33K turbofan engine.

The Indian Air Force (IAF) placed an order for more than 50 MiG-29s in 1980 while the aircraft was still in its initial development phase. The Indian Air Force (Devanāgarī भारतीय वायु सेना IAST Bhartiya Vāyu Senā is the air arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the Since its induction into the IAF in 1985, the aircraft has undergone a series of modifications with the addition of new avionics, sub-systems, turbofan engines and radars. ^[7] The upgraded Indian version is known as Baaz (Hindi: Hawk) and forms a crucial component of the second-line offensive aircraft-fleet of the IAF after the Sukhoi Su-30MKI. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

MiG-29's good operational record prompted India to sign a deal with Russia in 2005/06 to upgrade its 67 MiG-29s for US$888 million. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Under the deal, Russia replaced the old N-019 radar with the Phazatron Zhuk-M radar. Russia also gave India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited the license to manufacture 120 RD-33MK turbojet engines for the upgrade. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited ( HAL) based in Bangalore, India, is one of Asia 's largest Aerospace companies The MiG-29s were also upgraded for mid-air refueling to increase their endurance. ^[8] In 2008, the IAF awarded the MiG Corporation another US$900 million contract to upgrade all of its 69 operational MiG-29s. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The upgrade will include a new weapon control system, avionics, cockpit ergonomics, air-to-air missiles, high-accuracy air-to-ground missiles and 'smart aerial' bombs. The upgraded MiG-29s will also have an enhanced beyond-visual-range combat ability. The first six MiG-29s will be upgraded in Russia while the remaining 63 MiGs will be upgraded at the Hindustan Aeronautics facility in India. India also awarded a multi-million dollar contract to Israel Aircraft Industries to provide avionics and sub-systems for the upgrade. Israel Aerospace Industries ( Hebrew: התעשייה האווירית לישראל ha-ta`aSiyyâh ha-'awîrît lë-yiSrâ'êl) or IAI (תע"א ta`a' ^[9]

Kargil conflict

Indian MiG-29s saw action during the Kargil War in Kashmir in 1999. The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir The IAF used the MiG-29s extensively for providing fighter escort for Mirage 2000s which were used for firing laser-guided bombs on enemy targets. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A laser-guided bomb (LGB is a Precision-guided munition (PGM that uses semi-active Laser homing to strike a designated target with greater accuracy than a free-fall According to Indian sources during the Kargil War, a pair of MiG-29s from IAF's 47 (Black Archers) Squadron successfully locked onto two Pakistani Air Force (PAF)'s F-16s which were close to the Indian airspace. Pakistan Air Force ( Urdu: پاک فضائیہ, Pak Faza'ya) ( PAF) is the Aviation branch of the Pakistan armed forces Since India and Pakistan were not officially at war during the time, the MiGs were ordered by the IAF command to give up the chase. ^[10] After this incident, the PAF ordered its aircraft to stay well-within the Pakistani air-space. Also, during the conflict IAF fulcrums were armed with RVV-AE missiles with BVR capability allowing them to achieve total air superiority during the conflict.

MiG-29 in Yugoslav and Serbian service

Two Yugoslav MiG-29s (No. 18102 and 18109) at Batajnica AB, shortly after deliverey in 1987.

MiG-29 No. 18109.

Serbian Air Force MiG-29 No. 18101

The SFR Yugoslav Air Force purchased a total of 14 MiG-29s and two MiG-29UBs from the USSR, in 1987. The Ratno vazduhoplovstvo i protiv vazdušna odbrana - RV i PVO SFRJ - SFR Yugoslav Air Force, sometimes simply called Jugoslovensko ratno vazduhoplovstvo MiG-29s were taken into service with the 127. Lovacka Avijacijska Eskadrila (127. LAE, Fighter Aviation Squadron), known as Vitezovi (Knights), part of the 204. Lovacki Avijacijski Puk (204. LAP, Fighter Aviation Regiment) based at Batajnica Air Base, west of Belgrade, in what is today the Republic of Serbia. Batajnica Airbase ( Serbian: Аеродром Бaтajницa tr Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The aircraft was designated L-18 (Lovac, fighter), or NL-18 ('Nastavni Lovac, trainer fighter) for the "UB" version.

Serial numbers of MiG-29 fighters in YuAF:

MiG-29: 18101-18114
MiG-29UB: 18301-18302

NATO war against FR Yugoslavia

The MiGs continued their service in the subsequent FRY Air Force and finally in Serbian Air Force. The Ratno Vazduhoplovstvo i Protiv Vazdušna Odbrana - RV i PVO SRJ/SCG - Air Force of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia / Serbia and Montenegro, During the long arms embargo placed upon the country, the condition of the MiGs worsened. When operation Allied Force started, Yugoslav MiGs were 15 years old and deprived of spare parts. The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia (code-named Operation Allied Force) was NATO 's military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that The first two destroyed MiG-29 were No. 18112 (Maj. Iljo Azrinov, downed near Priština) and No. 18111 (Maj. Nebojša Nikolić, near Titel), on March 24. Titel (Тител is a town and municipality in the South Bačka District of the Vojvodina, Serbia. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland They flew out of Slatina Air Base. Slatina (aеродром Слатина aerodrom Slatina Airport near Priština was the second largest underground airport in former Yugoslavia. MiG-29 No. 18106 flown by Maj. Predrag Milutinović was downed near Kruševac on same day. On March 26 MiGs 29 No. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. 18114 flown by Maj. Slobodan Perić and No. 18113 flown by Capt. 1st Class Zoran Radoslavljević took-off from Batajnica Air Base to intercept a high-flying NATO aircraft – two F-15C on CAP role near Bosnia . Batajnica Airbase ( Serbian: Аеродром Бaтajницa tr Perić was shot down near Bijeljina, and he ejected safely, but Radoslavljević, shot down near Valjevo was killed. Bijeljina ( Serbian Cyrillic: Бијељина is a city and municipality in northeastern Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Valjevo ( Serbian Cyrillic: Ваљево is a city located in Serbia at 44 The MiG-29 No. 18109 flown by Maj. Slobodan Tešanović crashed near Užice-Ponikve Airport in a noncombat flight on May 4. Užice-Ponikve Airport ( Serbian: Аеродром Ужице-Поникве / Aerodrom Užice-Ponikve) also known as Lepa Glava Airport is a military airport Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Other aircraft (No. 18103, 18104, 18107, 18302) were destroyed by NATO during the strikes on the ground. The North Atlantic Treaty

After the war

The unit continued flying its remaining five MiG-29s (at a very low rate) after the war, even if it had to replace the losses by MiG-21s evacuated from Pristina after the war. In spring of 2004, however, news appeared that what was then the Air Force of Serbia and Montenegro ceased MiG-29 operations, because the aircraft could not be maintained. The Ratno Vazduhoplovstvo i Protiv Vazdušna Odbrana - RV i PVO SRJ/SCG - Air Force of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia / Serbia and Montenegro, ^[11]

Currently though, MiG-29s have resumed their service in the Serbian Air Force. The Serbian Air Force and Air Defense consists of an array of combat Aircraft, Cargo aircraft, Reconnaissance aircraft, UAV, In the 101. LAE (ex-127. LAE together with ex-126. LAE), part of the 204th Air Base, the first MiG became operational by February 2008, a second one by March. The 204th Air Base is a main air base of Serbian Air Force and Air Defense. Another three will become operational by the summer of 2008, when their engines and components come back from overhaul in Russia. MiG-29 No. 18101, which was overhauled first, was for the first time shown publicly on February 15, the Military of Serbia Day and Statehood Day of the Republic of Serbia, during the military exercise Sretenje 2008 in Niš. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The aircraft was flown by Col Nebojska Djukanovic, Chief of the Air Force and the Air Defense HQ. ^[12] The second MiG that is back in service (MiG-29UB No. 18301) is used for the training of pilots of the 101. LAE who have not flown on MiG-29s since 2004. ^[13]

MiG-29 in German service

MiG-29 in German black-red-gold colors

The German Democratic Republic bought 24 MiG-29s (20 MiG-29As, 4 MiG-29UBs), which entered service in 1988–1989. The national colours of Germany are officially Black, Red and Gold (in practice replaced by a shade of yellow as seen on the Flag of Germany The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state After the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 and reunification of Germany in October 1990, the MiG-29s and other planes of the Luftstreitkräfte der NVA were integrated into the Luftwaffe. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany The Luftstreitkräfte der NVA (Air Forces of the NVA was the air arm of the National People's Army of the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. After upgrades by DaimlerChrysler Aerospace (now EADS) for NATO compatibility, they were designated MiG-29G and MiG-29GT. DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG or DASA, was the former aerospace subsidiary of Daimler-Benz AG (later DaimlerChrysler) from 1989 The European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS NV ( EADS) is a large European aerospace corporation formed by the merger on July 10, In March 1991, one of the MiG-29s in German service was transferred to the USAF for evaluation, along with several Su-22s and MiG-23s. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

The Federation of American Scientists claims the MiG-29 is superior to the F-15 and other US fighters in short aerial engagements because of the Helmet Mounted Weapons Sight (HMS) and better maneuverability. The Federation of American Scientists ( FAS) is a non-profit organization formed in 1945 by scientists from the Manhattan Project who felt that scientists engineers ^[14] This has been proven when MiG-29s of the German Luftwaffe participated in joint DACT exercises with US fighters. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. Dissimilar air combat training (DACT was introduced as a formal part of US air combat training after disappointing aerial combat exchange rates in the Vietnam War. ^[15]^[16] German pilots constantly won close-in dogfights. The HMS was a great part of the success, allowing the Germans to achieve a lock on any target the pilot could see within the missile field of view, including those almost 45 degrees off boresight. Boresight is the Optical axis of a directional antenna. Boresight is also a term used to describe crude adjustments made to an optical firearm ^[17] In contrast, the U. S. aircraft were only able to lock onto targets in a narrow window directly in front of the aircraft's nose. It was not until late 2003 that the USAF and US Navy achieved Initial Operational Capability of the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System.

Since 1993 the German MiGs were stationed with 1. /JG73 "Steinhoff" in Laage near Rostock. Laage (ˈlaːgə is a municipality in the district of Güstrow, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Rostock (ˈʁɔstɔk from Polabian Roz toc, literally "to flow apart" is the largest City in the north German state During the service in the Luftwaffe one MiG-29 ("29+09") was destroyed during an accident on 25 June 1996 due to pilot error. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) By 2003, Luftwaffe pilots had flown over 30,000 hours in the MiG-29. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. In September 2003, 22 of the 23 remaining machines were sold to the Polish Air Force for the symbolic price of €1 per plane. Polish Air Force ( Siły Powietrzne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej Siły Powietrzne RP - Air Forces of the Polish Republic is the Air force branch of the Polish ^[18] The last planes were transferred in August 2004. [11]

The twenty-third MiG-29 ("29+03") remained on display in Laage before being moved to the Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr in Berlin's Gatow Airport in 2006. The Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr ( German for "Airforce Museum of the Bundeswehr " together with the Militärhistorische Museum der Bundeswehr [12]

MiG-29 in Polish service

MiG-29A 9. 12 #4103 of 41st Tactical Squadron in 31st Air Base

After the retirement of their MiG-21s and -23s in 2003, Poland was left for a time with only 22 MiG-29s from 1st TFS in the interceptor role. The 31st Air Base (31 Baza Lotnicza is a Polish Air Force base located in Krzesiny, a suburb of Poznań. The arrival of the 22 ex-Luftwaffe MiG-29s (operational from 2005 in 41st TFS, replacing MiG-21s) brought the number of Polish fighters of this type to a total of 44 (8 of them are trainer versions). From 2007, MiGs are supported by Block 52+ F-16s from 3rd TFS (replacing MiG-21) and 6th TFS (replacing Su-22), from 2008 F-16s will used also in 10th TFS (for MiG-21). Hence Poland is the biggest NATO MiG-29 user (only 32 are in active use at present). Polish MiG-29s are currently stationed in the 1st Tactical Squadron (1. elt) at the 23rd Air Base near Mińsk Mazowiecki and the 41st Tactical Squadron (41. The 23rd Air Base (23 Baza Lotnicza is a Polish Air Force base located 6 km east of Mińsk Mazowiecki. Mińsk Mazowiecki (נאוואמינסק is a town in central Poland with 37 138 inhabitants (XII 2005 elt) at the 22nd Air Base near Malbork. The 22nd Air Base (22 Baza Lotnicza is a Polish Air Force base located near Malbork. Malbork (Marienburg in Westpreußen Civitas Beatae Virginis is a Town in northern Poland in the Żuławy region with 41000 inhabitants (2001 The Poles had also previously leased a MiG-29 from their own inventory to Israel for evaluation and the aircraft has since been returned to Poland. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.

MiG-29s in the United States

MiG-29 in company with a USAF F-16.

In 1997, the United States purchased 21 Moldovan aircraft for evaluation and analysis, under the Cooperative Threat Reduction accord. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania The Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR Program (occasionally known as Nunn–Lugar based on a 1992 U Fourteen were MiG-29Ss, which is equipped with an active radar jammer in its spine and is capable of being armed with nuclear weapons. Part of the United States' motive to purchase these aircraft was to prevent them from being sold to "rogue states", especially Iran. [13] In late 1997, the MiGs were delivered to the National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located in Greene and Montgomery counties eight miles (13 km) northeast of Dayton is a city in southwestern Ohio, United States. It is the County seat and largest city of Montgomery County. One former Moldovan MiG-29S is currently on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson, and one MiG-29UB is on display at the NASIC headquarters of the base. The National Museum of the United States Air Force (formerly the United States Air Force Museum) is the official National Museum of the United States Air Many of the former Moldovan MiG-29s are believed to have been scrapped. One MiG-29 is on display at Nellis AFB, Nevada, in Soviet colors, while another of the former Moldavian aircraft is located on the base in its original camouflage. Nellis Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located in Clark County, Nevada. At NAS Fallon, one MiG-29 is on display. Another is on display at MacDill AFB, minus its canopy, while a third is at Goodfellow AFB, Texas. MacDill Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base under the claimancy of the Air Mobility Command ( AMC) Goodfellow Air Force Base is a non-flying United States Air Force base located in San Angelo, Texas.

A private collector, Don Kirlin, has two MiG-29s purchased from Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan (ˈkɻ̩gɪztɑn (AmE or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия or Киргизстан or Кыргызстан They are supposedly lacking the avionics package, due to State Department restrictions, and so a Western avionics system would need to be sourced. They are currently located at the Quincy Regional Airport in Quincy, Illinois. Quincy Regional Airport, also known as Baldwin Field, is a public Airport located 10 miles (16 km) east of the Central business district Quincy Illinois, known as the " Gem City " is a city on the Mississippi River in Adams County, Illinois, United States According to airport workers, Kirlin paid US$100,000 for both planes. The planes are currently not flight-worthy and need a complete refurbishment. ^[19]

Variants

Romanian Air Force MiG-29 "Fulcrum-A". Romanian air force has withdrawn MiG-29 from service.

Romanian Air Force MiG-29 "Fulcrum-A". The Romanian Air Force (Forţele Aeriene Române is the Air force branch of the Romanian Armed Forces It has an air force headquarters an operational command Romanian air force has withdrawn MiG-29 from service.

MiG-29 "Fulcrum-A" (Product 9. 12): Initial production version; entered service in 1983.

MiG-29B-12 "Fulcrum-A" (Product 9. 12A): Downgraded export version for non-Warsaw Pact nations. The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. Lacked a nuclear weapon delivery system and possessed downgraded radar, ECM and IFF.

Slovakian MiG-29UB

MiG-29UB-12 "Fulcrum-B" (Product 9. 51): Twin seat training model. Lacks radar and GSh-30 cannon.

MiG-29S

Mig-29S of Algerian Air Force

The MiG-29S (Fulcrum-C) is virtually identical in external appearance to older "Fatback" MiG-29B airframes. The Algerian Air Force (QJJ is the aerial arm of the Algerian People's Military. Airframe means the mechanical structure of an Aircraft and as generally used does not include the engines Differences start with the improvements in the flight control system. Four new computers provide better stability augmentation and controllability with an increase of 2° in angle of attack (AoA). Angle of attack ( AOA, \alpha Greek letter alpha) is a term used in Aerodynamics to describe the Angle between the Its improved mechanical-hydraulic flight control system allows for greater control surface deflections. Aircraft flight control systems consist of Flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls connecting linkages and the necessary operating mechanisms to control The MiG-29S added a dorsal 'hump' to the upper fuselage (earning it the nickname "Fatback" in service) which was originally believed to be for additional fuel, but in fact, most of its volume is used for the new L-203BE Gardenyia-1 ECM system. The fuselage (from the French fuselé "spindle-shaped" is an Aircraft 's main body section that holds crew and passengers or Cargo Electronic Countermeasures ( ECM') are a subsection of Electronic warfare which includes any sort of electrical or electronic device designed to trick Internal fuel is only slightly increased by 75 liters, making the aircraft's fuel fraction about 0. An aircraft's fuel fraction, fuel weight fraction, or propellant fraction is the weight of the fuel or propellant divided by the gross take-off weight of the aircraft 27, thus comparable to that of the F-16. It can also carry 1150 liter (304 US gallon, 2000 lb) drop tanks under each wing and the traditional centerline tank. Inboard underwing hardpoints are upgraded to allow for a tandem pylon arrangement for a larger payload of 4,000 kg (8,820 lb). A hardpoint is any part of an Airframe designed to carry an external load Overall maximum gross weight has been raised to 20,000 kg (44,000 lb).

In the MiG-29S, the GSh-30-1 cannon has had its expended round ejector port modified to allow for firing while the centerline tank is still attached. As with the MiG-29, there are six underwing hardpoints, but these can be expanded to eight. The MiG-29S improvement would also allow for new missiles like the R-27E (AA-10 'Alamo') which has 1. 5 times the range of the basic model R-27 due to its larger rocket motor. These long-burn variants have previously been only found on the Su-27 Flanker. The new hardpoint configuration also adds the capability to mount the new R-77 (AA-12 'Adder') active-radar long-range air-to-air missile.

Initially, the avionics of the MiG-29S only added a new IRST sighting system combined with a better imbedded training system that allowed for IR and radar target simulation. However, the final MiG-29S improvement kit also provides for the Phazotron N-019M radar and more built-in test equipment (BITE) (especially for the radar) to reduce dependence on ground support equipment; MiG MAPO calls this model the MiG-29SD. BITE is an Acronym for B uilt I n T est E quipment The BITE is characterized primarily as a passive Fault management and MiG MAPO or just MAPO (abbreviated for Moscow Aircraft Production Organisation is a major Russian state-owned Military aircraft manufacturer Revised weapon system algorithms in the MiG-29S's software, combined with an increase in processing capacity, allows for the tracking of up to ten targets and the simultaneous engagement of two with the R-77 missile.

The MiG-29S also has a limited ground-attack capability with unguided munitions, but in order to transform the MiG-29 into a true multi-role fighter, MAPO designed the MiG-29SM variant with the improved avionics necessary to carry and employ precision-guided weapons. The 'SE/SD/SM' improvements in the MiG-29S, combined with the development money made available for the naval MiG-29K, gave MAPO the incentive to forge ahead with the multirole MiG-29M "Super Fulcrum". WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Flight performance of the MiG-29S is but slightly reduced compared to the original MiG-29 due to the weight of the additional fuel and avionics. Only 48 MiG-29S airframes were produced for the Russian VVS before funding was cut. Of this number, it is unknown how many are the standard air-superiority 'S' version and how many are the multi-role 'SM' version.

MiG-29S-13 "Fulcrum-C" (Product 9. 13): MiG-29 variant similar to the 9. 12, but with an enlarged fuselage spine containing additional fuel and a Gardeniya active jammer.

MiG-29S-13 "Fulcrum-C" (Product 9. 13S): Version with the same airframe as the 9. 13, but with an increased external weapons load of 4,000 kg, and provision for two underwing fuel tanks. Radar upgraded to N019ME, providing an ability to track 10 targets and engage 2 simultaneously. Compatible with the Vympel R-77 (AA-12 'Adder') air-to-air missile (similar to the AIM-120 AMRAAM). The Russian R-77 (RVV-AE Missile ( NATO reporting name: AA-12 Adder) is a medium range air-to-air active radar-guided missile system An air-to-air missile ( AAM) is a guided Missile fired from an Aircraft for the purpose of destroying another aircraft The AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile, or AMRAAM (pronounced am-ram is a modern Beyond Visual Range (BVR air-to-air Missile

MiG-29SM "Fulcrum-C" (Product 9. 13M): Similar to the 9. 13, but with the ability to carry guided air-to-surface missiles and TV- and laser-guided bombs. An air-to-surface missile (also air-to-ground missile, AGM, ASM or ATGM) is a Missile designed to be launched from Military A laser-guided bomb (LGB is a Precision-guided munition (PGM that uses semi-active Laser homing to strike a designated target with greater accuracy than a free-fall

MiG-29K "Fulcrum-D" (Product 9. 31): Naval variant, the latter "K" stands for "Korabelnogo bazirovaniya" (Deck-based ), with equipment such as folding wings, arrestor gear, and reinforced landing gear. Originally intended for the Admiral Kuznetsov class aircraft carriers, had even received series production approval from Russian Ministry of Defence but was later grounded in 1992 due to shift in military doctrine and state financial difficulty. Role While designated an Aircraft carrier by the West the design of the Admiral Kuznetsov class implies a mission different from that of either the United ^[20] MiG Corporation restarted the program in 1999 and made vital improvement to the previous design. On January 20, 2004, Indian Navy signed a contract of 12 single-seat MiG-29K and 4 two-seat MiG-29KUB set delivery in the period from 2007 to 2009. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " ^[21]^[22] Modification was made for Indian Navy requirement featured Zhuk-ME radar, RD-33MK engine, combat payload up to 5,500 kg, 13 hardpoints (inclusive of the multi-lock bomb carriers), additional fuel tanks situated in dorsal spine fairing and wing LERXs, increased total fuel capacity by 50% comparing to first variant of MiG-29 and updated 4-channel digital fly-by-wire flight control system. With special coatings MiG-29K radar reflecting surface is 4-5 times smaller than of basic MiG-29. Cockpit displays consist of wide HUD and 3 (7 on MiG-29KUB) colour LCD MFDs and French Sigma-95 satellite GPS module and Topsight E helmet-mounted targeting system. Topsight E is a helmet-mounted sight ( HMD) which displays critical information protects the pilot and provides communications Compatible with the full range of weapons carried by the MiG-29M and MiG-29SMT. ^[23]

MiG-29KUB "Fulcrum-D" (Product 9. 47): Identical characteristic to the MiG-29K but with tandem twin seat configuration. The design is to serve as trainer for MiG-29K pilot and is full combat capable. The first MiG-29KUB developed for the Indian Navy made its maiden flight at the Russian Zhukovsky aircraft test centre on January 22, 2007. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[24]

MiG-29M

MiG-29M / MiG-33 "Fulcrum-E" (Product 9. 15): Main article: Mikoyan MiG-29M; Advanced multi-role variant, with a redesigned airframe, mechanical flight controls replaced by a fly-by-wire system and powered by enhanced RD-33 ser. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Aircraft flight control systems consist of Flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls connecting linkages and the necessary operating mechanisms to control 3M engines

MiG-29UBM (Product 9. 61): Two-seat training variant of the MiG-29M. Never built.

MiG-29SMT (Product 9. 17): An upgrade package of the first-generation MiG-29s (9. 12 to 9. 13) containing many enhancements intended for the MiG-29M. Additional fuel tanks in a further enlarged spine provide a maximum flight range of 2,100 km (on internal fuel). Cockpit enhanced HOTAS design, two 152 × 203 mm (6 × 8 inch) colour liquid-crystal MFDs and two smaller monochrome LCDs. Upgraded Zhuk-ME radar provides similar feature to the MiG-29M. Power plant upgraded the RD-33 ser. 3 engines, afterburning-thrust rated same at 8,300 kgf (81. 4 kN) each. Weapons load increased to 4,500 kg on six underwing and one ventral hardpoints, with similar weapon choices as for the MiG-29M variant. The upgraded aircraft has also painted path for non-Russian origin avionics and weapons. ^[25] This version is currently serving the air forces of Russia (16), Yemen, Algeria, Syria, and Iran.

MiG-29UBT (Product 9. 51T): SMT Standard upgrade for the MiG-29UB. Namely users, Algeria and Yemen. ^[26]^[27]

MiG-29M2 / MiG-29MRCA: Two-seat version of MiG-29M (possibly based on the cancelled MiG-29UBM). Identical characteristics to MiG-29M, with a slightly lesser operational range of 1800km. RAC MiG presented in various air shows, to name a few, Fifth China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition (CIAAE 2004),^[28] AERO INDIA 2005,^[29]^[30] MAKS 2005. ^[31]. It was once given designation MiG-29MRCA for marketing purpose and now evolved into the current MiG-35.

MiG-29OVT on display

MiG-29OVT: Some sources suggest NATO code name "Fulcrum-F". The aircraft is one of the six pre-built MiG-29M before 1991, later received thrust-vectoring engine and fly-by-wire technology. It served as a thrust-vectoring engine testbed and technology demonstrator in various air shows to show future improvement in the MiG-29M. It has identical avionics to the MiG-29M. The only difference in the cockpit layout is an additional switch to turn on vector thrust function. The two RD-133 thrust-vectoring engines, each features unique rotating nozzles which can provide thrust vector deflection in all directions. However, despite its thrust-vectoring, other specifications were not officially emphasized. The aircraft is being demonstrated along with the MiG-29M2 in various air shows around the world for potential export. The aircraft is usually used as an aerobatic demonstrator. ^[32]

MiG-35 "Fulcrum-F": Main article: Mikoyan MiG-35; A recently unveiled mass upgraded MiG-29M2. The Mikoyan MiG-35 ( Микоян МиГ-35 NATO reporting name "Fulcrum-F") is a mature development of the MiG-29M/M2 and MiG-29K/KUB

German MiG-29GT

MiG-29G/MiG-29GT: It was a upgrade standard for the German Luftwaffe's MiG-29 / 29UB, inherited from the former East Germany to the NATO standards. Works was done by MiG Aircraft Product Support GmbH (MAPS), a joint venture company form between MiG Moscow Aviation Production Association and DaimlerChrysler Aerospace in 1993. DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG or DASA, was the former aerospace subsidiary of Daimler-Benz AG (later DaimlerChrysler) from 1989 ^[33]

MiG-29AS/MiG-29UBS: Slovak Air Force performed an upgrade on their MiG-29/-29UB for NATO compatibility. Work is done by RAC MiG and Western firms, starting from 2005. The aircraft now has navigation and communications systems from Rockwell Collins, IFFsystem from BAE Systems, new glass cockpit features multi-function LCD displays and digital processors and also fitted to be integrate with Western equipment in the future. However, the armaments of the aircraft remain unchanged. 12 out of 21 of the entire MiG-29 fleet were upgraded and had been delivered as of late February, 2008. [14]

MiG-29 Sniper: attempt of upgrade Romanian Air Force MiG-29s, by Israeli firms. The Romanian Air Force (Forţele Aeriene Române is the Air force branch of the Romanian Armed Forces It has an air force headquarters an operational command The program was halted along with the retiring of Romanian MiG-29s in 2003. The latter occurred because of high maintenance costs, which led to the Romanian Government's decision to halt the MiG-29 program and further invest in the MiG-21 LanceR program. The Government of Romania (Guvernul României is the executive branch of Romania.

Operators

Main article: List of Mikoyan MiG-29 operators

Operators of the MiG-29 in dark blue (former operators in light blue)

MiG-29 Ukrainian Falcons

Ex-Czechoslovak MiG-29 of the Polish Air Force

MiG-29S of Algerian Air Force

Bulgarian Air Force MiG-29B

Cuban MiG-29UB

Peruvian Air Force MiG-29 on display

MiG-29B of the Hungarian Air Force

Current

Armenia
Algeria
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Belarus
Bulgaria
Cuba
Eritrea
Hungary
India - 57 (+ 6 trainer planes)
Iran
Kazakhstan
Malaysia
Moldova: Moldovan Air Force have 6 MIG-29S but not operational. See also Mikoyan MiG-29 The List of Mikoyan MiG-29 operators lists the countries and their air force units that have operated the aircraft The Ukrainian Falcons ( Ukrainian: Українські Соколи, Ukrayins’ki Sokoly) is the Aerobatic demonstration team of the Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Polish Air Force ( Siły Powietrzne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej Siły Powietrzne RP - Air Forces of the Polish Republic is the Air force branch of the Polish The Algerian Air Force (QJJ is the aerial arm of the Algerian People's Military. Bulgarian Air Force (Военновъздушни сили ВВС is a branch of the Bulgarian Army, the other two being the Bulgarian Navy and Bulgarian The Peruvian Air Force ( Spanish: Fuerza Aérea del Perú, abbreviated FAP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces The Hungarian Air Force is the Air force branch of the Hungarian Army. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Eritrea () ( Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Arabic: إرتريا Iritriya) officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania The Moldovan Air Force is the national air force of Moldova. It was formed following Moldova's independence from the Soviet Union in August 1991 and
Myanmar
North Korea
Peru
Poland
Russia
Serbia
Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Air Force is planing to gain 4 ( including 1 trainer)
Slovakia
Sudan
Syria
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United States^[34]
Uzbekistan
Yemen

Former

Czechoslovakia/ Czech Republic Retired from service, most sold to Poland. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island The Sri Lanka Air Force ( SLAF) is the aerial defence division and the youngest of the Sri Lankan Tri Forces. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Turkmenistan ( Türkmenistan; also known as Turkmenia) is a Turkic country in Central Asia. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia,
East Germany/ Germany Retired, most sold to Poland. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
Iraq All but 1 MiG-29 was destoryed in the Gulf War. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Remaining MiG-29 grounded.
Romania: Some Romanian sources say that the MiG-29s can be reactivated in any moment. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania
Soviet Union Passed to successor states. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
Yugoslavia/ Yugoslavia Passed to successor states. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Савезна Република Југославија / Savezna Republika Jugoslavija) or FRY was a federal state

MiG-29s on display

There are several museums in Russia that display MiG-29s:

Three are stationed in Central Air Force Museum in Monino near Moscow. The Central Air Force Museum in Monino at the site of Monino Airfield 40km east of Moscow, Russia is one of the world's largest aviation museums and the largest Monino (Мо́нино is an Urban-type settlement in Moscow Oblast, Russia, situated 38 km east of Moscow. One is a prototype, one an early production model (both with ventral fins), and one a MiG-29KVP
One MiG-29 (9-13) is on display of the Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Moscow on the Poklonnaya Hill
Another MiG-29 can be found at the Central Armed Forces Museum in Moscow

One MiG-29 is on display in Germany. Museum of the Great Patriotic War is in Moscow at Poklonnaya Gora (Bowing Hill Поклонная Гора Poklonnaya Gora (Покло́нная гора́ lit a bow-down hill) is at 171 Central Armed Forces Museum (Центральный Музей Вооруженных сил also known as the Museum of Soviet Army is a Museum is northern Moscow near the Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The only remaining German MiG-29G (29+03) was transferred from Laage to the Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr in Berlin's Gatow Airport, being part of the exhibition "50 Jahre Luftwaffe". The Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr ( German for "Airforce Museum of the Bundeswehr " together with the Militärhistorische Museum der Bundeswehr [15]

67 (MiG-29 Sniper proto) is on display at the Romania Muzeul Aviatiei, Bucharest.

Six former Moldova Air Force MiG-29s are currently on display in the United States at the following locations:

Goodfellow AFB in Texas[16]
NAS Fallon Airpark in Nevada
Two MiG-29s are on display at Nellis AFB in Nevada. The Moldovan Air Force is the national air force of Moldova. It was formed following Moldova's independence from the Soviet Union in August 1991 and The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Goodfellow Air Force Base is a non-flying United States Air Force base located in San Angelo, Texas. Naval Air Station Fallon or NAS Fallon is the United States Navy 's premier air-to-air and air-to-ground training facility Nellis Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located in Clark County, Nevada. One is at the outside of the Threat Training facility[17] and another, in better shape, inside a hangar alongside a MiG-23. [18]
One is currently stored in a restoration hangar at the National Museum of the United States Air Force near Dayton, Ohio. The National Museum of the United States Air Force (formerly the United States Air Force Museum) is the official National Museum of the United States Air Dayton is a city in southwestern Ohio, United States. It is the County seat and largest city of Montgomery County. As of June 2007, the aircraft has been put in display at the Cold War Exhibit of the Museum and continues to receive minor upgrading while on display. [19][20]
A MiG-29 is on display outside of the Evergreen Aviation Museum in McMinnville, Oregon. The Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum is an aviation Museum which displays a number of Military and Civilian Aircraft and Spacecraft McMinnville is the County seat and largest city of Yamhill County, Oregon, United States.

Remains of MiG-29UB prototype (9-52) at Riga Aviation Museum, Latvia.

The second MiG-29UB prototype (9-52) is on display at the Riga Aviation Museum. After 213 test flights around Moscow between August 23rd 1982 and April 10th 1986, it was disassembeled and parts of the wings and tails were re-used in prototype (9-16). The remains were shipped to Riga Military Aviation Engineers High School, and later handed over to the Riga Aviation Museum in 1994, where it is currently displayed. The remains of this prototype is in a very bad condition, with open fuselage panels and a partly broken canopy and open cockpit that exposes the plane to all kinds of bad weather.

Specifications

General characteristics

Crew: One
Length: 17. 37 m (57 ft)
Wingspan: 11. The wingspan (or just span) of an airplane or a Bird, is the distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip 4 m (37 ft 3 in)
Height: 4. 73 m (15 ft 6 in)
Wing area: 38 m² (409 ft²)
Empty weight: 11,000 kg (24,250 lb)
Loaded weight: 16,800 kg (37,000 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 21,000 kg (46,300 lb)
Powerplant: 2× Klimov RD-33 afterburning turbofans, 8300 kgf (approximate 81. The Maximum Takeoff Weight or Maximum Takeoff Mass of an Aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine 4 kN) each

Performance

Maximum speed: Mach 2. In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such 4 - 2,445 km/h (1,518 mph)
Range: 700 km combat, 2,900 km ferry (430 mi / 1,800 mi)
Service ceiling 18,013 m / 59 060 ft (59,100 ft)
Rate of climb: initial 330 m/s averange 109 m/s 0-6000 m ^[35] (65,000 ft/min)
Wing loading: 442 kg/m² (90. The maximal total range is the distance an Aircraft can fly between Takeoff and Landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft or cross-country In Aeronautics, a ceiling is the maximum Density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditions In Aerodynamics, the rate of climb RoC is the speed at which an Aircraft increases its Altitude. In Aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing 5 lb/ft²)
Thrust/weight: 1. Thrust-to-weight ratio is as its name suggests the ratio of instantaneous Thrust to Weight (where weight means weight at the Earth ’s surface 13

Armament

1x 30 mm GSh-30-1 cannon with 150 rounds
Up to 3,500 kg (7,720 lb) of weapons including 6 air-to-air missiles — a mix of semi-active radar homing (SARH) and AA-8 'Aphid', AA-10 'Alamo', AA-11 'Archer', AA-12 'Adder', FAB 500-M62, FAB-1000, TN-100, ECM Pods, S-24, AS-12, AS-14. The Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 (also known by the service designation 9A-4071K) is a 30 mm cannon designed for use on Soviet and later Russian Semi-active radar homing, or SARH, is a common type of Missile guidance system perhaps the most common type for longer range air-to-air and Surface-to-air The Molniya (now Vympel) R-60 ( NATO reporting name AA-8 ' Aphid') is a lightweight Air-to-air missile The Vympel R-27 ( NATO reporting name AA-10 Alamo, Cyrillic P-27) is a medium-range Air-to-air missile developed by the Soviet The Vympel R-73 ( NATO reporting name AA-11 Archer) developed by Vympel machine Building Design Bureau, is the most modern Russian short-range The Russian R-77 (RVV-AE Missile ( NATO reporting name: AA-12 Adder) is a medium range air-to-air active radar-guided missile system

Avionics

Phazotron N019, N010 radars

References

^ ^a ^b Zuyev, A.; McConnell, M. JSC Phazotron ( Phazotron-NIIR) is Russia 's largest developer of military radars and Avionics. The Zhuk are a family of Russian (former USSR all weather multimode airborne Radars developed by NIIR Phazotron for multi-role combat aircraft such as the MiG-29 Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships Aircraft classified as fourth generation jet fighters are those in service approximately from 1980–2010 representing the design concepts of the 1970s WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Mikoyan MiG-35 ( Микоян МиГ-35 NATO reporting name "Fulcrum-F") is a mature development of the MiG-29M/M2 and MiG-29K/KUB WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This list of the military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS includes experimental prototype and operational types regardless of A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed Alexander Zuyev (1961 - June 10, 2001) was a Captain of the former-Soviet Air Defense Force (VVS who piloted his Mikoyan MiG-29 to . Fulcrum: A Top Gun Pilot's Escape From the Soviet Empire. Warner Books, 1993. ISBN 0-446-36498-3.
^ Lake, p. 94.
^ The Paris Air Show,
Twenty Years On
^ USA Air Force Milestones, 1999-12-31.
^ Cuba11.589
^ [1]
^ [2]
^ [3]
^ [4]
^ [5]
^ ACIG 380.
^ http://www.vojska.mod.gov.yu/eng/index.php?action=fullnews&id=208
^ http://www.mycity.co.yu/imgs/88721_63538899_mig%2029.JPG
^ FAS MiG-29
^ Buzzards, AeroWeb.
^ Code One, 1995-07.
^ Lake, John. Jane's How to Fly and Fight in the Mikoyan MiG-29 (HarperCollins, 1997 ISBN 0-00472144-6), p. 70.
^ MiGi za 1 euro w Bydgoszczy Template:Icon pl.
^ Hoffman, Carl "Building Your Own Air Force, One Mig at a Time", Wired magazine, issue 13. 10 http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.10/kirlin_pr.html
^ Rac Mig
^ Rac Mig
^ IndiaDaily
^ Rac Mig
^ en.rian.ru
^ Rac Mig
^ Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies - CAST comments
^ Moscow Defense Brief
^ People's Daily Online - Latest MiG-29 planes to be flown
^ Rac Mig
^ ACIG Exclusives : Aero India 2005 : Chapter 4
^ MAKS 2005 highlights
^ http://www.aviapedia.com/fighters/mig-29vft-video-smotr
^ Moscow Defense Brief
^ Arms Control Association: Arms Control Today: U.S. Buys Moldovan Aircraft to Prevent Acquisition by Iran
^ http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/frtypen/FRMiG-29.htm

External links

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