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For other members of the noble family, see Saltykov
Saltykov-Shchedrin. Portrait by I.N. Kramskoi
Saltykov-Shchedrin. Saltykov was a Russian noble family Notable members of the family include Alexander Saltykov, see a disambiguation page Alexei Portrait by I.N. Kramskoi

Mikhail Yevgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin (Russian: Михаил Евграфович Салтыков-Щедрин; 27 January [O.S. 15 January] 1826 in Spas-Ugol village, Tver guverniya – - 10 May [O.S. 28 April] 1889 in Saint Petersburg), better known under his penname Shchedrin (Щедрин), was a leading Russian satirist of the 19th century. Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoi ( June 8 (OS May 27 1837 - April 6 (O Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Tver (Тверь is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Tver Oblast. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar At one time, after the death of the poet Nikolai Nekrasov, he acted as editor of the leading Russian magazine, the "Современникъ" (Sovremennik). Nikolay Alexeyevich Nekrasov (Никола́й Алексе́евич Некра́сов &ndash) was a Russian poet writer critic and publisher associate of Vissarion Sovremennik ("Современник" literally The Contemporary) was a Russian literary social and political magazine published in St

Contents

Early life

A scion of the ancient Saltykov family, Mikhail Saltykov was born on his father’s estate in the province of Tula. Saltykov was a Russian noble family Notable members of the family include Alexander Saltykov, see a disambiguation page Alexei Tula (Ту́ла is an industrial city in the European part of Russia, located 193 km south of Moscow, on the river Upa. His early education was completely neglected, and his youth, owing to the severity and the domestic quarrels of his parents, was full of the most melancholy experiences. Left entirely to himself, he developed a love for reading; but the only book in his father’s house was the Bible, which he studied with deep attention. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin

At ten years of age he entered the Moscow Institute for the sons of the nobility, and subsequently the Lyceum at Saint Petersburg, where Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky, afterwards minister for foreign affairs, was one of his schoolfellows. This article is about Lyceum as school or as public hall Lyceum can also be short for Lyceum Theatre. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River While there he published poetry, and translations of some of the works of Lord Byron and Heinrich Heine, and on leaving the Lyceum he obtained employment as a clerk in the Ministry of War. Christian Johann Heinrich Heine ( December 13, 1797 – February 17, 1856) was a Journalist, Essayist and one of the

In 1854 he published A Complicated Affair, which, in view of the revolutionary movements at that time in France and Germany, was the cause of his banishment to Vyatka, where he spent eight years as a minor government official. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Vyatka may refer to Vyatka River, a river in Russia Vyatka, former name of the city of Kirov, Kirov Oblast Russia This experience enabled him to study the life and habits of civil servants in the interior, and to give a clever picture of Russian provincial officials in his Provincial Sketches.

Later life

On his return to Saint Petersburg he was quickly promoted to administrative posts of considerable importance. After making a report on the condition of the Russian police, he was appointed deputy governor, first of Ryazan and then of Tver. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force History It is argued that the Ryazan Kremlin was founded in 800 by Slavic settlers as part of their drive into territory previously populated by Tver (Тверь is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Tver Oblast. His predilection for literary work induced him to leave the government service, but pecuniary difficulties soon compelled him to re-enter it, and in 1864 he was appointed president of the local boards of taxation successively at Penza, Tula and Ryazan. History Penza was founded in 1663 as a frontier outpost on the then southeastern border of Russia

In 1868 he finally quit the civil service. Subsequently he wrote his principal works, namely, The Old Times of Poshekhonye, which possesses a certain autobiographical interest, The History of a Town, a satirical allegory of Russian history, Messieurs et Mesdames Pompadours; and his only novel, The Golovlyov Family (also translated as House of Greed). Poshekhonye (Пошехо́нье is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located north-west of Yaroslavl. The latter book, often considered Saltykov's masterpiece, is a penetrating study of overpowering greed.

In his eighties, Saltykov remained a last remnant of the heroic age of reform and progress, universally venerated by all the advanced intelligentsia. His last publication was an applauded collection of satirical fables and tales. A fable is a succinct story in prose or verse that features Animals Plants inanimate objects, or forces of nature which are A fairy tale or fairy story is a fictional Story that may feature folkloric characters (such as fairies, enchantments]] often involving He died in Saint Petersburg and was interred in the Literary Cemetery. "The sole object of my literary work," wrote Saltykov-Shchedrin, "was unfailingly to protest against greed, hypocrisy, falsehood, theft, treachery, stupidity of modern Russians".

Works

The greater part of Saltykov's work is a rather nondescript kind of satirical journalism, for the most part with no narrative skeleton, and intermediate in form between the classical "character" and the contemporary feuilleton. Journalism is the profession of writing or communicating formally employed by publications and broadcasters for the benefit of a particular Community of people Feuilleton (a Diminutive of French feuillet, the leaf of a book was originally a kind of supplement attached to the political portion of Enormously and universally popular though it was in its own time, it has since lost much of its attraction simply because it satirizes social conditions that have long ceased to exist and much of it has become unintelligible without commentary.

In 1869-70 appeared The History of a Town, which sums up the achievement of Saltykov's first period. It is a sort of parody of Russian history, concentrated in the microcosm of a provincial town, whose successive governors are transparent caricatures of Russian sovereigns and ministers, and whose very name is representative of its qualities — Glupov (literally, Sillytown).

Most works of Saltykov's later period are written in a language that the satirist himself called Aesopic. Aesop (also spelled Æsop, from the Greek Αἴσωπος — Aisōpos) (620-560 BC) known only for the genre of Fables It is one continuous circumlocution in view of the censorship and demands a constant reading commentary. The style, moreover, is deeply rooted in the bad journalese of the period, which goes back to Osip Senkovsky and which today invariably produces an impression of painfully elaborate vulgarity. Józef Julian Sękowski ( Осип Иванович Сенковский, Osip Ivanovich Senkovsky; in Antagonka near Vilnius &mdash in Sankt-Petersburg [1]

The Golovlyov Family was decried by D.S. Mirsky as the gloomiest book in all Russian literature — all the more gloomy because the effect is attained by the simplest means without any theatrical, melodramatic, or atmospheric effects. DS Mirsky is the English pen-name of Dmitry Petrovich Svyatopolk-Mirsky (Дми́трий Петро́вич Святопо́лк-Ми́рский (&ndash June 6 The most remarkable figure in this novel is Porfiry Golovlev, nicknamed Little Judas, the empty and mechanical hypocrite who cannot stop talking unctuous and meaningless humbug, not for any inner need or outer profit, but because his tongue is in need of constant exercise. It is one of the most terrible visions of ultimately dehumanized humanity ever conceived by an imaginative writer. [2]

References

Notes

  1. ^ D.S. Mirsky. DS Mirsky is the English pen-name of Dmitry Petrovich Svyatopolk-Mirsky (Дми́трий Петро́вич Святопо́лк-Ми́рский (&ndash June 6 A History of Russian Literature. Northwestern University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8101-1679-0. Page 294.
  2. ^ Ibidem. Page 294.

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