Middle Irish - Citizendia

Middle Irish Gaoidhealg
Pronunciation:	[ˈɡɯːʝeɫɡ]
Spoken in:	Ireland, Scotland, Isle of Man
Language extinction:	Evolved into Early Modern Irish about the 12th century
Language family:	Indo-European Celtic Insular Celtic Goidelic Middle Irish
Writing system:	Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	`mga`
ISO 639-3:	`mga`

Middle Irish is the name given by historical philologists to the Goidelic language used from the 10th to 12th centuries; it is therefore a contemporary of late Old English and early Middle English. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical According to some definitions an extinct language is a Language which no longer has any speakers, whereas a dead language is a language which is no longer spoken The history of Irish begins with the arrival of speakers of Celtic languages in Ireland. List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. The term Insular Celtic refers to those Celtic languages which originated in the British Isles, in contrast to the Continental Celtic languages of The Goidelic languages, (also sometimes called particularly in colloquial situations the Gaelic languages or collectively Gaelic) historically formed a Dialect A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages Historical linguistics (also called diachronic linguistics) is the study of language change The Goidelic languages, (also sometimes called particularly in colloquial situations the Gaelic languages or collectively Gaelic) historically formed a Dialect Middle English is the name given by Historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of ^[1]^[2] The modern Goidelic languages Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx are all descendants of Middle Irish. The Goidelic languages, (also sometimes called particularly in colloquial situations the Gaelic languages or collectively Gaelic) historically formed a Dialect Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. Manx ( Gaelg or Gailck, ɡilk or) also known as Manx Gaelic, is a Goidelic language once spoken on the Isle

At its height, Middle Irish was spoken throughout Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man; from Munster to the North Sea island of Inchcolm. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical Munster ( Irish: An Mhumhain, ənˈvuːnʲ Cúige Mumhan or Mumha) is the southernmost of the four Provinces of Ireland. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. Inchcolm is an Island in the Firth of Forth in Scotland. Repeatedly attacked by English raiders during the Wars of Scottish Independence, it Its geographical range made it the most widespread of all Insular languages before the late 12th century, when Middle English began to make inroads into Ireland, and many of the Celtic regions of northern and western Britain. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands

Few mediaeval European languages can rival the volume of literature extant in Middle Irish. Much of this survival is due to the tenacity of a few early modern Irish antiquarians, but the sheer volume of sagas, annals, hagiographies (etc) which survive shows how much confidence members of the mediaeval Gaelic learned orders had in their own vernacular. Vernacular refers to the Native language of a country or a locality Almost all survives from Ireland, however very little from Scotland or Man. The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical The Lebor Bretnach, the "Irish Nennius", survives only from manuscripts preserved in Ireland; however, Thomas Owen Clancy has recently argued that it was written in Scotland, at the monastery in Abernethy. Professor Thomas Owen Clancy is an American academic and historian who specializes in the Literature of the Celtic Dark Ages, especially that This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. Abernethy ( Obar Neithich) is a village in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, situated eight Miles south-east of Perth. ^[3]

References

^ Mac Eoin, Gearóid (1993). "Irish", in in Martin J. Ball (ed. ): The Celtic Languages. London: Routledge, 101–44. ISBN 0-415-01035-7.
^ Breatnach, Liam (1994). "An Mheán-Ghaeilge", in in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, and L. Breatnach (eds. ): Stair na Gaeilge in ómós do Pádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish). Maynooth: Department of Old Irish, St. Patrick's College, 221–333. ISBN 0-901519-90-1.
^ Clancy, Thomas Owen (2000). "Scotland, the ‘Nennian’ recension of the Historia Brittonum, and the Lebor Bretnach", in in Simon Taylor (ed. ): Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland, 500-1297. Dublin & Portland: Four Courts Press, 87–107. ISBN 1-85182-516-9.