- For the medical condition of having an unusually small penis, see micropenis. Micropenis is a medical term that describes an unusually small Penis.
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M. The flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes from the Greek πλατύ platy, meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root ἑλμινθ- helminth- The Trematoda is a class within the phylum Platyhelminthes that contains two groups of parasitic Worms commonly referred to as flukes Digenea (Gr Dis - double Genos - race is a subclass within the Platyhelminthes consisting of Parasitic Flatworms with abortivus |
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Carneophallus |
Microphallus is a genus of parasitic trematodes (flukes) in the family Microphallidae. In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between Organisms of different Species. The Trematoda is a class within the phylum Platyhelminthes that contains two groups of parasitic Worms commonly referred to as flukes The Greek name means "tiny penis". The penis (plural penises, penes
They are parasitic on a variety of molluscs, crustaceans, birds, and mammals, some species having complex life cycles involving more than one host. Molluscs are animals belonging to the phylum Mollusca. There are around 250000 extant Species within the phylum with an estimated 70000 Structure of crustaceans As Arthropods crustaceans have a stiff Exoskeleton, which must be shed to allow the animal to grow ( Ecdysis or molting Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands For example, M. piriformes parasitizes the rough periwinkle (Littorina saxatilis); when these are eaten by herring gulls it infects the bird and lays its eggs in the bird's feces to infect new periwinkles. "Winkle" redirects here For the contract bridge play see Winkle squeeze. The Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, is a large Gull (up to 26 inches or 66 cm long and is the most abundant and best known of all gulls along the shores of
Several species are notable for manipulating or influencing their hosts. M. piriformes causes its host, the rough periwinkle, to move upwards, making it more vulnerable to predation by herring gulls. The Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, is a large Gull (up to 26 inches or 66 cm long and is the most abundant and best known of all gulls along the shores of M. pseudopygmaeus chemically castrates its host, the snail Onoba aculeus, and causes it to grow larger than normal (it is not clear if this gigantism benefits the host or parasite or if it is a non-adaptive side-effect). Chemical castration is a form of Castration caused by hormonal Medication. M. papillorobustus causes its host, the 'lagoon sand shrimp' (Gammarus insensibilis) to swim upwards, making it more vulnerable to predation. True shrimp are swimming decapod Crustaceans classified in the Infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh Some species of this genus "hitch-hike" on the manipulations of other species; for example, M. hoffmanni parasitizes the same sand shrimps as M. papillorobustus but does not manipulate the shrimps itself, instead benefiting from the latter's manipulation of the host.
References
- A. M. Gorbushin and I. A. Levakin, The effect of Trematode parthenitae on the growth of Onoba aculeus, Littorina saxatilis and L. obtusata (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia), J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK (1999) 79:273–279.
- E. P. Levri and L. M. Fisher, The Effect of a Trematode Parasite (Microphallus Sp.) on the Response of the Freshwater Snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum to Light and Gravity, Behaviour (2000) 137(9):1141–1151.
- F. Thomas, J. Fauchier, and K. D. Lafferty, Conflict of interest between a nematode and a trematode in an amphipod host: test of the "sabotage" hypothesis, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. (2002) 51:296–301.
- H. B. Ward, Notes on the parasites of lake fish III. On the structure of the copulatory organs in Microphallus nov. gen. , Tr. Amer. Micr. Soc. (1901) 22:175–187.
- Glenn Pembleton, medical specialist and life time sufferer of Microphallus. "Microphallus - Living with the Impossible; The True Story of a Medically Challenged Cunnerman" (1999) 23114–197.
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