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 Distribution of Microhylidae (in black)
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Asterophryinae |
Microhylidae is a family of order Anura, or frogs. The Eastern Narrowmouth Toad ( Gastrophryne carolinensis) is a Species of microhylid Frog. Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Prehistoric amphibian Amphibians (class Amphibia such as Frogs Toads Salamanders Newts Gymnophiona, Sirens and This article is about the block cipher algorithm For the ultrafast laser pulse measurement technique see Frequency-resolved optical gating. Neobatrachia are a suborder of order Anura, ie of frogs or toads Albrecht Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther FRS (also Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf Gunther) October 3, 1830 – February 1 Asterophryinae is a subfamily of microhylid Frogs Genera Asterophrys Tschudi 1838 Brevicipitinae is a subfamily of microhylid Frogs Genera Balebreviceps Largen & Drewes 1989 Cophylinae is a subfamily of microhylid Frogs endemic to Madagascar. Dyscophinae is a subfamily of microhylid Frogs Genera Calluella Stoliczka 1872 Genyophryninae is a subfamily of microhylid Frogs Genera Albericus Burton & Zweifel 1995 Melanobatrachinae is a subfamily of microhylid Frogs Genera Hoplophryne Barbour & Loveridge 1928 Microhylinae is a subfamily of microhylid Frogs Genera Adelastes Zweifel 1986 Scaphiophryninae is a subfamily of microhylid Frogs native to Madagascar. In Biological classification, family ( Latin This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used This article is about the block cipher algorithm For the ultrafast laser pulse measurement technique see Frequency-resolved optical gating. This article is about the block cipher algorithm For the ultrafast laser pulse measurement technique see Frequency-resolved optical gating. There are 413 species in 69 genera and nine subfamilies, which is the largest number of genera out of any frog family. Frogs from Microhylidae occur throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of North America, South America, Africa, eastern India, Sri Lanka, south-east Asia, through New Guinea and Australia. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island New Guinea, located just north of Australia, is the world's second largest island, having become separated from the Australian mainland when the area now known For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Although most are found in tropical or sub-tropical regions, a few speices can be found in arid or non-tropical areas. They are the majority frog species in New Guinea and Madagascar.
As suggested by their name, Microhylids are mostly small frogs. Many species are below 15 millimeters in length, however some larger species do occur. They can be arboreal or terrestrial, and some will even habit close to water. The ground dwellers are often found under leaf litter within forests, occasionally venturing out at night to hunt. There are two main shapes for the Microhylids, one with wide bodies and narrow mouths, and the other with normal frog proportions. Those with narrow mouths generally eat termites and ants, and the others have diets typical of most frogs. The termites are a group of Social Insects usually classified at the taxonomic rank of order Isoptera (but see also taxonomy Ants are social Insects of the family Formicidae and along with the related families of Wasps and Bees belong to the order The species of the genus Breviceps are burrowing frogs found in the arid regions of Africa. Breviceps is a genus of microhylid Frogs Species Breviceps acutirostris Poynton 1963 Some of their species will even lay their eggs under ground.
The Microhylids of New Guinea and Australia completely bypass the tadpole stage, with direct development from egg to frog. A tadpole or polliwog (also pollywog, polliwig, polewig, or polwig) is the wholly aquatic larval stage in the life cycle of The arboreal species can therefore lay the eggs within the trees, and never need venture to the ground. The species which do not bypass the tadpole stage, mostly have tadpoles which do not possess any teeth.
The skull has paired palatines and frontoparietals. Facial nerve passes through anterior acoustic foramen in auditory capsule; trigeminal and facial nerve ganglia are fused to form a prootic ganglion. There are eight (or seven) presacral holochordal vertebrae and they are all precoelous except for a biconcave surface on last presacral. Pectoral girdle is firmisternal and some show reduced clavicle and procoracoids Terminal phalanges blunt, pointed or t-shaped. Tadpoles lack keratinized mouth parts and have a large spiracular chamber emptied by a caudomedial spiracle. (Zug et al. )
References
- Cogger, H. G. ; R. G. Zweifel, and D. Kirschner (2004). Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians Second Edition. Fog City Press. ISBN 1-877019-69-0.
- Zug, George R. ; Laurie J. Vitt and J. P. Caldwell (2001). Herpetology:An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles 2nd Edition. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-782622-X.
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