| Mick Ronson | |
|---|---|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Michael Ronson |
| Born | May 26, 1946 Hull, Yorkshire, England |
| Died | 29 April 1993 (aged 46) London, England |
| Genre(s) | Glam rock, Rock music |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, Songwriter, Producer |
| Instrument(s) | Guitar, Vocals, Piano, Bass, Drums, Harmonica, Clavinet, Synthesizer |
| Years active | 1966 - 1993 |
| Label(s) | RCA, Epic, Mercury, Virgin, Rykodisk |
| Associated acts | David Bowie Ian Hunter Lou Reed Bob Dylan Mott the Hoople |
| Notable instrument(s) | |
| Gibson Les Paul | |
Mick Ronson (May 26, 1946 – April 29, 1993) was an English guitarist, composer, multi-instrumentalist, arranger and producer. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kingston upon Hull ( almost invariably referred England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Glam rock (also known as glitter rock) is a sub-genre of Rock music that developed in the UK in the post- Hippie early 1970s which was "performed by Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. A musician is a person who plays or writes Music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music An instrumentalist plays a A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the The drum is a member of the percussion group technically classified as a Membranophone. A harmonica is a free reed Wind instrument which is played by blowing air into it or drawing air out by placing lips over individual holes (reed chambers or A Clavinet is an electrophonic Keyboard instrument manufactured by the Hohner company Events January 3 - Hullabaloo shows promotional videos of The Beatles songs "Day Tripper" and "We Can Work It This is a summary of significant events in music in 1993. Events January In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music RCA Records (originally The Victor Talking Machine Company, then RCA Victor is one of the flagship labels of Sony Music Entertainment. Epic Records is an American Record label. It is owned and operated by Sony Music Entertainment. Mercury Records is a Record label operating as a standalone company in the UK and as part of the Island Def Jam Music Group in the US and are both subsidiaries of Virgin Records is a British Record label founded by English entrepreneur Richard Branson, Simon Draper, and Nik Powell Rykodisc Records is an American Record label, owned by Warner Music Group. David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. Ian Hunter is the name of Ian Hunter (singer, English singer-songwriter formerly frontman of Mott the Hoople Ian Hunter (actor, South Lewis Allan Reed (born March 2 1942 is an American rock Singer-songwriter and Guitarist. Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major Mott the Hoople were a 1970s English rock band with strong R&B roots and known for being part of the popular Glam rock scene of the early The Gibson Les Paul is a solidbody Electric guitar originally developed in the early 1950s Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A guitarist is a Musician who plays the Guitar. Guitarists may perform solo pieces or play with ensembles and bands of a wide variety of genres A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance A multi-instrumentalist is a Musician who plays a number of different instruments The Bachelor of Music degree usually requires a second instrument In Music, an arrangement refers either to a rewriting of a piece of existing Music with additional new material or to a fleshing-out of a compositional sketch such In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing He is most well known for his work with David Bowie from 1970 to 1973, Bowie's glam rock period, including being part of Ziggy Stardust's Spiders From Mars band. David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. Glam rock (also known as glitter rock) is a sub-genre of Rock music that developed in the UK in the post- Hippie early 1970s which was "performed by
He also had a solo career, the most notable example of which was his Slaughter On 10th Avenue album, that reached No 9 on the UK album charts. Slaughter on 10th Avenue is an album by Mick Ronson, released in 1974 Ronson also guested on various different bands' releases after his time with Bowie. He was named the 64th greatest guitarist of all time by Rolling Stone. [1]
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Michael Ronson was born on Beverley Road, Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire in 1946, then moved to live in Greatfield, Hull. Beverley Road is one of several major roads that run out of the city of Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Kingston upon Hull ( almost invariably referred Kingston upon Hull ( almost invariably referred As a child he played piano, recorder, violin, and harmonium. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers The recorder is a woodwind Musical instrument of the family known as Fipple Flutes ' or internal duct flutes &mdash whistle-like The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member A harmonium is a free-standing musical keyboard instrument similar to a Reed Organ or Pipe Organ He initially wanted to be a cellist, but moved to guitar when he got hooked on Duane Eddy and The Yardbirds. The violoncello (abbreviated to cello, or 'cello, plural cellos or celli —the c is tʃ The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles Duane Eddy (born April 26, 1938) is a Grammy Award -winning American Guitarist. The Yardbirds are an English rock band noted for starting the careers of three of rock's most famous Guitarists Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck He joined his first band, The Mariners, in November 1963 at the age of 17. His stage debut with The Mariners was in support of the Keith Herd Band at Elloughton Village Hall, a gig for which the band travelled 35 miles and got paid 10 shillings (50p). Elloughton is a village in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. While Ronson was working with The Mariners, another local Hull group - The Crestas - recruited him on the advice of The Mariners' bassist Johnny Griffin. With Ronson on board the Crestas gained a solid reputation, making regular appearances at local halls: Mondays at the Halfway House in Hull, Thursdays at the Ferryboat Hotel, Fridays at the Regal Ballroom in Beverley, and Sundays at the Duke of Cumberland in North Ferriby. Beverley is a Market town, Civil parish and the County town of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, located between the River North Ferriby is a Village and Civil parish in the Haltemprice area of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.
In 1965, Ronson left The Crestas to try his luck in London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. He took a part time job as a mechanic, and before long, he teamed up with a band called The Voice, replacing Miller Anderson. Soon afterward, Crestas' drummer Dave Bradfield made the trip down to London when the Voice's drummer left. After playing just a few dates with the group, Ronson and Bradfield returned from a weekend in Hull to find their gear piled at their flat and a note explaining that the rest of the group had gone to the Bahamas. The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and Ronson stayed in London and teamed up briefly with a soul band called The Wanted, before eventually returning to Hull.
In 1966, Mick Ronson joined Hull's top local band, The Rats, joining singer Benny Marshall, bassist Jeff Appleby, and drummer Jim Simpson (who was subsequently replaced by Clive Taylor and then John Cambridge). The Rats were a Rock band, first established in 1965 from Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The group played the local circuit, and also made a few unsuccessful trips to London and Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city
In 1967 The Rats recorded the one-off psychedelic track, "The Rise And Fall Of Bernie Gripplestone" at Fairview Studios in Hull. 1968 saw the band change their name briefly to Treacle and book another recording session at Fairview Studios in 1969, before reverting to their original name. Around this time, Ronson was recommended by Rick Kemp to play guitar on Michael Chapman's Fully Qualified Survivor LP. Rick Kemp (born 15 November 1941 in Little Hanford, Dorset) is an English bass player Songwriter Michael Chapman (born 24 January 1941, Hunslet, Leeds, Yorkshire, England) is a Guitarist and Singer-songwriter
When John Cambridge left The Rats to join his former Hullabaloos bandmate Mick Wayne in Junior's Eyes, he was replaced by Mick "Woody" Woodmansey. Mick 'Woody' Woodmansey (born c 1951 is an English rock Drummer from Driffield, Yorkshire, best known for his work with David In November 1969, the band recorded a final session at Fairview, taping "Telephone Blues" and "Early In Spring".
Early in 1970, John Cambridge came back to Hull in search of Mick Ronson, intent upon recruiting him for a new David Bowie backing band called The Hype. David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. He found Ronson marking out a rugby pitch, one of his duties as a Parks Department gardener for Hull City Council. (Kingston upon Hull City Council is the governing body for the Unitary authority and city of Kingston upon Hull. Having failed in his earlier attempts in London, Ronson was reluctant, but eventually agreed to accompany Cambridge to a meeting with David Bowie. Two days later, on February 5, Ronson made his debut with Bowie on John Peel's national BBC Radio 1 Sunday Show. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. John Robert Parker Ravenscroft, OBE (30 August 1939 – 25 October 2004 known professionally as John Peel, was an English Disc jockey, radio
The Hype played their first gig at The Roundhouse on 22nd February with a line-up that included Bowie, Ronson, Cambridge, and producer/bassist Tony Visconti. The Roundhouse is an arts venue in London, England. The Roundhouse has hosted notable performers Morrissey, The Stranglers, Sonic Youth In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the Anthony Visconti (born April 24, 1944) is an American Record producer and sometimes a Musician or Singer. The group dressed up in superhero costumes, with Bowie as Rainbowman, Visconti as Hypeman, Ronson as Gangsterman, and Cambridge as Cowboyman. This performance was filmed and recorded and is currently in the vaults owned by MainMan. Also on the bill that day were Bachdenkel, Groundhog and Caravan. The following day they performed that the Streatham Arms in London under the pseudonym of 'Harry The Butcher'. They also performed on 28th February at the Basildon Arts Lab experimental music club at the Basildon Arts Centre in Essex. Billed as 'David Bowie's New Electric Band' so new they haven't got a name yet! Also on the bill were High Tide, Overson and Iron Butterfly. Strawbs were due to perform but were replaced by David Bowie's New Electric Band. Strawbs are a rock band founded in 1964 in England. Originally known as the Strawberry Hill Boys, they started out as a bluegrass John Cambridge departed on 30th March, again replaced by Woody Woodmansey. In April 1970, Ronson, Woodmansey, and Tony Visconti commenced recording Bowie's The Man Who Sold The World album, with Ronson's Jeff Beck-influenced guitar work to the fore. The Man Who Sold the World is an album by David Bowie. It was originally released on Mercury Records in November 1970 in the United States and in April Geoffrey Arnold "Jeff" Beck (born June 24, 1944 to Arnold and Ethel Beck in Wallington, England) is an English
During the sessions for The Man Who Sold The World, the trio of Ronson, Visconti, and Woodmansey - still under The Hype moniker - signed to Vertigo Records. The group recruited Benny Marshall from The Rats as vocalist, and entered the studio to record an album. By the time a single appeared, The Hype had been re-christened Ronno. "The Fourth Hour of My Sleep" was released on Vertigo to an indifferent reception in January 1971. The song was written by Tucker Zimmerman, a friend of Visconti's, and not Bob Dylan as many sources have suggested. Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major The B-side was a Ronson/Marshall composition called "Powers of Darkness". The Ronno album was never completed.
David Bowie's backing ensemble, which by now included Trevor Bolder who had replaced Tony Visconti on bass guitar duties and keyboardist Rick Wakeman, were used in the recording of Hunky Dory. Trevor Bolder (born 9 June 1950, Kingston upon Hull, England) is an English rock Bass guitarist Biography The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the Richard Christopher Wakeman (born 18 May 1949 in Perivale, London) is an English Keyboard player best known as the Hunky Dory is the fourth album by English singer-songwriter David Bowie, released by RCA Records in 1971 (see 1971 in music) The departure of Visconti also meant that Ronson, with Bowie, took over the arrangements, whilst Ken Scott co-produced with Bowie. Ken Scott (born April 20, 1947 in London) is an influential English Record producer and Recording engineer. Very different from the heavy rock of the preceding album, Ronson's orchestral arrangements showcased a far more melodic batch of Bowie compositions. Hunky Dory was perhaps their most collaborative album, which the sleeve notes acknowledge.
It was this band, minus Rick Wakeman, that became known as The Spiders From Mars from the title of the next Bowie album. Again, Ronson was a key part of The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars album, providing string arrangements and various instrumentation, as well as handling the lead guitar duties. This album returned to the rock oriented music of the earlier album, with Ronson's guitar heroics providing the perfect frame for Bowie's doomed rock star role. Ronson and Bowie achieved some notoriety over the concerts promoting this album, when Bowie would simulate fellatio on Ronson's guitar as he played. Oral sex refers to sexual activities involving the use of the Mouth, and may include use of the Tongue, Teeth, and Throat, in order
During this time Ronson also co-produced Lou Reed's album Transformer with Bowie, he played lead guitar on the album and also played piano on the song "Perfect Day". Lewis Allan Reed (born March 2 1942 is an American rock Singer-songwriter and Guitarist. Transformer is Lou Reed 's breakthrough second solo album released in December 1972 Lead guitar refers to the use of a Guitar to perform Melody lines instrumental fill passages, and Guitar solos within a song structure Again with Bowie, he recut the track "The Man Who Sold The World" for Lulu, released as a single in the UK, and played on a few tracks on the Dana Gillespie album Weren't Born a Man. Lulu Kennedy-Cairns, OBE, (born Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie on 3 November 1948 in Lennoxtown, East Dunbartonshire The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Dana Gillespie ( 30 March 1949 in London) is an English actress and singer
Also during this time, Ronson appeared on the 1972 country-rock album Bustin' Out by Pure Prairie League, where he did the string ensemble arrangements and contributed guitar and vocals on several tracks. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For the geological term see Country rock (geology. Country rock is a Musical Genre formed from the fusion of rock Bustin' Out is the second album by American Country rock band Pure Prairie League, released in 1972 (see 1972 in music) Pure Prairie League is an American Country-rock band whose roots began between 1964 and 1969 in Waverly, Ohio
His guitar work was next heard on Bowie's Aladdin Sane and 1973's covers album Pin Ups. Aladdin Sane is an album by David Bowie, released by RCA Records in 1973 (see 1973 in music) Pin Ups is a 1973 covers album by David Bowie, released by RCA (see 1973 in music) Many people had begun to believe that Ronson's contribution to Bowie's output was becoming indispensable, so it was quite a surprise that he was absent from the Diamond Dogs album (although he played on the "1980 Floor Show", featuring songs which appeared on the record). Diamond Dogs is a Concept album by David Bowie, originally released by RCA in 1974
After leaving Bowie's entourage after the "Farewell Concert" in 1973, Ronson later released three solo albums. Events January-February January 9 - Mick Jagger 's request for a Japanese visa is rejected on account of a 1969 drug bust putting an abrupt end His solo debut Slaughter On 10th Avenue, featured a brave version of Elvis Presley's song, "Love Me Tender", as well as Ronson's most famous solo track - "Only After Dark". Slaughter on 10th Avenue is an album by Mick Ronson, released in 1974 " Love Me Tender " is a song sung by Elvis Presley, to the tune of " Aura Lee " (or "Aura Lea" a sentimental Civil War ballad In addition, his sister, Margaret Ronson, provided the backing vocals for the set. Between this and the 1975 follow-up, Ronson had a short-lived stint with Mott the Hoople. Mott the Hoople were a 1970s English rock band with strong R&B roots and known for being part of the popular Glam rock scene of the early He then became a long-time collaborator with former Mott leader Ian Hunter, commencing with the album Ian Hunter and featuring the UK singles chart hit "Once Bitten, Twice Shy", including a spell touring as the Hunter Ronson Band. Ian Hunter (born Ian Hunter Patterson 3 June 1939 Oswestry, Shropshire) is an English Singer-songwriter. The UK Singles Chart is compiled by The Official UK Charts Company (OCC on behalf of the British record industry In 1980 the live album Welcome to the Club was released, including a couple of Ronson showcases, which curiously also had a few new studio tracks - one being a Hunter/Ronson song. Welcome to the Club is a 1989 Broadway musical with music and lyrics by Cy Coleman. Much later, in 1990, Ronson again collaborated with Hunter on the album, Yui Orta, this time getting joint credit - the album was detailed as being by 'Hunter/Ronson'. In 1993 he again appeared on a David Bowie album; Black Tie, White Noise playing on the track "I Feel Free", originally recorded by Cream. Cream were a 1960s British rock band Ronson and Bowie had already covered this track live some 20 years earlier whilst touring as Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars.
His second and third solo albums were Play Don't Worry - 1975, and, much later still, Heaven And Hull - 1994. Play Don't Worry is the second album by former member of The Spiders From Mars, Mick Ronson. Heaven and Hull was the final solo Album by Mick Ronson, released in 1994 following Ronson's death the previous year The latter set was only partly completed at the time of Ronson's demise, and was released posthumously.
Besides Bowie and Hunter, Mick Ronson went on to work as a musician, writer and record producer with many other acts including Slaughter & The Dogs (who took their name from the Ronson album Slaughter on 10th Avenue), Morrissey, The Wildhearts, The Rich Kids (featuring Sex Pistol Glen Matlock and pre-Ultravox Midge Ure), Elton John, John Cougar Mellencamp, T-Bone Burnett, Dalbello and Benny Mardones. In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing Slaughter & The Dogs is an English Punk rock band that formed in the late 1970s in Manchester, England. Steven Patrick Morrissey (ˈmɒɹɪsiː born May 22, 1959) known primarily as Morrissey, is a British Singer and Lyricist The Wildhearts are a rock group from Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The Rich Kids were a short-lived much-hyped Rock and roll band from London in the late 1970s The Sex Pistols are an English Punk rock band that formed in London in 1975 Glen Matlock (born 27 August 1956 in West London, England) is a Bass guitarist most famous for being in the original lineup of the Punk rock Ultravox (formerly Ultravox!) were a British New Wave band that rose to prominence in the late 1970s/early 1980s Midge Ure OBE (born James Ure, 10 October 1953, Cambuslang, Lanarkshire, Scotland) is a pop guitarist singer Sir Elton Hercules John CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947 is an English pop / rock Singer, Composer John Mellencamp, previously known as John Cougar and then John Cougar Mellencamp, (born October 7, 1951, in Seymour Indiana) is a T-Bone Burnett is an American songwriter musician and producer Benny Mardones (born November 9, 1946 in Cleveland Ohio) is an American pop singer and songwriter who is best known for his hit single He did not restrict his influence behind the recording desk to just established acts. His production work appears on albums by more obscure artists, such as The Payolas, Phil Rambow and Los Illegals. The Payolas (or Payola$) were part of Vancouver's new wave of bands and active in the Canadian music scene for a decade from the late 1970s Los Illegals is a band from Los Angeles California. History The band struck a deal with the local order of radical Catholic nuns to open & run the Ronson produced the The Visible Targets, a Seattle group, on their 1983 5-track EP "Autistic Savant. " He had a lifetime passion for helping unheralded artists get a chance to shine, and he assisted many local bands along the way.
Ronson was also a member of Bob Dylan's "Rolling Thunder Revue" live band, and can be seen both on and off-stage in the film of the tour. Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major The Rolling Thunder Revue was a famed Concert tour comprised of a traveling caravan of musicians headed by Bob Dylan, that took He also made a connection with ex-Byrd Roger McGuinn during this time, which led to him producing and contributing guitar and arrangements to McGuinn's 1976 solo album "Cardiff Rose. James Roger McGuinn (known professionally as Roger McGuinn, previously as Jim McGuinn, and born James Joseph McGuinn III on July 13, "
In 1992 he produced Morrissey's Your Arsenal album, helping to redirect Morrissey's career after the album Kill Uncle. Following up on the poorly-received album Kill Uncle, singer Morrissey released the album "Your Arsenal" in 1992 (see 1992 Kill Uncle is an Album by Morrissey, released on March 5, 1991.
His last, high profile, live performance was his famed appearance at The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert in 1992. The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert for AIDS Awareness was an open-air concert held on Easter Monday, April 20 1992 at Poignantly, he played on "All The Young Dudes" with David Bowie and Ian Hunter, and "Heroes" with Bowie.
Ronson's last ever recorded session was as a guest on the 1993 Wildhearts album Earth Vs The Wildhearts, where he played the guitar solo on the song "My Baby Is A Headfuck". The Wildhearts are a rock group from Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Earth Vs The Wildhearts is the debut album by British Rock band The Wildhearts released in 1993 Guitar solos are a melodic passage section or entire piece of music written for an Electric guitar or an Acoustic guitar.
Ronson was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, but had grown disenchanted with the faith before his death. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known
Ronson died of liver cancer on April 29, 1993 at the age of 46. The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) In his memory, the Mick Ronson Memorial Stage was constructed in his hometown of Hull. Kingston upon Hull ( almost invariably referred
Throughout his career with Bowie, Ronson used a 1968 Gibson Les Paul Custom "Black Beauty". The Gibson Les Paul is a solidbody Electric guitar originally developed in the early 1950s While working on the Chapman album he noticed the singer's natural finish acoustic, which had been paint-stripped to improve treble response. Ronson directed a roadie to do the same for his Les Paul. The paint was initially stripped off the top, and later back and sides, believing this would make the guitar sound more 'edgy'. Another Les Paul (pictured above) used around the Mott and solo eras, was a modified Les Paul Deluxe with the mini-humbuckers replaced with full size models. For studio recordings, Ronson used the infamous 200-watt Marshall Major amp plugged in to an angled 4x12 Marshall cab which he named 'The Pig'. The Marshall Major was a Guitar amplifier made by Marshall. It was introduced in 1967 as the Marshall 200 (in reference to the Wattage of the amplifier Essential effects include a Vox Tonebender fuzz, a Vox or Crybaby wah, and a Coloursound fuzz/wah/swell pedal. In the post-Bowie era, Ronson tended towards a blue, rosewood-board Fender Telecaster and also used Mesa/Boogie combos. The Fender Telecaster, also known as the Tele (pronounced Telly is typically a dual-pickup solid-body Electric guitar made by Fender.