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Julien Michel Leiris (April 20, 1901 in Paris – September 30, 1990 in Saint-Hilaire, Essonne) was a French surrealist writer and ethnographer. This article is a general introduction to French literature For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods see the separate historical articles in the Medieval French literature is for the purpose of this article Literature written in Oïl languages (particularly Old French and early Middle For more information on historical developments in this period see Renaissance, History of France, and Early Modern France. French literature of the 17th century &mdashthe so-called Grand Siècle &mdashspans the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici French literature of the 18th century usually refers to the literature written between 1715, the year of the death of King Louis XIV of France, and 1798 the year French literature of the nineteenth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1799 to 1900 French literature of the twentieth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1895 to 1990 Contemporary French literature is French literature roughly from the 1990s to Today. Chronological list of French language authors (regardless of nationality by date of birth Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Essonne is a French department in the region of Île-de-France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Ethnography ( Greek ethnos = people and graphein = writing is a genre of writing that uses Fieldwork to provide a descriptive

Biography

Michel Leiris obtained his baccalauréat in philosophy in 1918 and after a brief attempt at studying chemistry, he developed a strong interest in jazz and poetry. Between 1921 and 1924, Leiris met a number of important figures such as Max Jacob, Georges Henri Rivière, Jean Dubuffet, Robert Desnos, Georges Bataille and the artist André Masson, who soon became his mentor. Max Jacob ( July 12, 1876 &ndash March 5, 1944) was a French Poet, painter, Writer, and critic Georges-Henri Rivière (1897–1985 was a French Museologist, and Innovator of modern French Ethnographic Museology practices Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet ( July 31, 1901 - May 12, 1985) was one of the most famous French painters and sculptors Robert Desnos ( 4 July 1900 - 8 June 1945) was a French Surrealist poet who played a key role in the surrealistic movement of his day Georges Bataille (ʒɔʀʒ baˈtaj ( September 10, 1897 &ndash July 8, 1962) was a French Writer. André-Aimé-René Masson ( January 4, 1896 &ndash October 28, 1987) was a French Artist. Through Masson, Leiris became a member of the Surrealist movement, contributed to La Révolution surréaliste and published Simulacre (1925), and Le Point Cardinal (1927). Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members La Révolution surréaliste (The Surrealist Revolution was a publication by Surrealists in Paris In 1926, he married Louise Godon, the step-daughter of Picasso's dealer Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler and traveled to Egypt and Greece. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler ( June 25, 1884 - January 11, 1979) born in Germany, was an art historian an art collector and one of the

Following a fall out with André Breton in 1929, he joined Bataille’s team as a sub-editor for Documents, to which he also regularly contributed articles such as “Notes on Two Microcosmic Figures of the 14th and 15th Centuries” (1929, issue 1), “In Connection with the ‘Musée des Sorciers" (1929, issue 2), "Civilisation" (1929, issue 4), “The ‘Caput Mortuum’ or the Alchemist’s Wife” (1930, issue 8), and on artists such as Giacometti, Miró, Picasso, and the 16th Century painter, Antoine Caron. André Breton (in French ɑ̃dʀe bʀəˈtɔ̃ ( February 19, 1896 &ndash September 28, 1966) was a French Writer, Documents was a late 1920s-era Surrealist journal edited and masterminded by Georges Bataille. Alberto Giacometti ( October 10, 1901 – January 11, 1966) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman, Joan Miró i Ferrà ( April 20, 1893 &ndash December 25, 1983) was an ethnic Catalan (of Spanish nationality Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 Antoine Caron (1521 in Beauvais - 1599 in Paris) was a French master Glassmaker illustrator Mannerist painter He also wrote an article on “The Ethnographer’s Eye (concerning the Dakar-Djibouti mission)” before setting off in 1930 as the secretary-archivist in Marcel Griaule's ambitious ethnographic expedition. Marcel Griaule (1898 &ndash 1956 was a French anthropologist known for his studies of the Dogon people of West Africa, and for pioneering From this experience, Leiris published his first important book in 1934, L’Afrique fantôme, combining both an ethnographic study and an autobiographical project, which broke with the traditional ethnographic writing style of Griaule. Upon his return, he started his practice as an ethnographer at the Musée de l'Homme, a position he kept until 1971. The Musée de l'Homme ( French for "Museum of Man" was created in 1937 by Paul Rivet, for the event of the Exposition Internationale

In 1937, Leiris teamed up with Bataille and Roger Caillois to found the Collège de sociologie in response to the current international situation. Roger Caillois ( 3 March 1913 - 21 December 1978) was a French Intellectual whose idiosyncratic work brought together The College of Sociology ( "Collège de Sociologie" in French was a loosely-knit group of French Intellectuals named after the informal discussion series Increasingly involved in politics, he took part in an important mission to the Ivory Coast in 1945, whose report led to the suppression of slavery in French colonies. France was a dominant empire in the world from the 1600s to the late 1960s possessing many colonies in various locations around the world As a member of Jean-Paul Sartre's editorial committee for Les Temps modernes, Leiris was involved in a series of political struggles, including the Algerian War, and was one of the first to sign the Déclaration sur le droit à l’insoumission dans la guerre d’Algérie, the 1960 manifesto supporting the fight against the colonial powers in Algeria. Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 &ndash 15 April 1980 commonly known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre (ʒɑ̃ pol saʁtʁə was a French Les Temps modernes ( French for Modern Times) is a political literary and philosophical French magazine (named after the Charlie Chaplin film The Algerian War ( French: Guerre d'Algérie; 1954-1962 also known as Algerian War of Independence, led to Algeria 's independence from The Manifesto of the 121 ( French: Manifeste des 121, full title Déclaration sur le droit à l’insoumission dans la guerre d’Algérie or Declaration

In 1961, Leiris was made head of research in ethnography at the C. N. R. S. (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) and published numerous critical texts on artists he admired, including Francis Bacon, with whom he had become close friends. Francis Bacon' (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992 was an Irish-born British figurative painter. Considered a leading figure in 20th century French literature, Michel Leiris left a considerable amount of works, as diverse as they are numerous, from autobiographical works such as L’Age d’homme (1939), La Règle du jeu (1948-1976) and his Journal 1922-1989 (published postmortem in 1992); art criticism such as Au verso des images (1980) or Francis Bacon face et profil (1983); music criticism such as Operratiques (1992 ); and scientific contributions such as La Langue secrète des Dogons de Saga (1948) and Race et civilisation (1951). (His fields of interest in anthropology ranged from bullfighting to possession in Gondar, Ethiopia. Bullfighting or Tauromachy (from Greek ταυρομαχία - tauromachia, "bull-fight" is a traditional spectacle of Spain Gondar or Gonder ( Ge'ez: ጎንደር Gōnder, older ጐንደር Gʷandar, modern pronunciation Gʷender) is a city in NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page )

With Jean Jamin, Leiris founded Gradhiva, a journal of anthropology in 1986. Gradhiva is an anthropological and museological journal founded in 1986 by the poet and social scientist Michel Leiris and by the anthropologist The journal is now the journal of anthropology and museology of the Musée du quai Branly (Paris, France). The Musée du quai Branly, known in English as the Quai Branly Museum, nicknamed MQB, is a museum in Paris, France that features indigenous

Leiris was also a talented poet, and poetry was important in his approach to the world. In the preface to *Haut Mal, suivi de Autres Lancers (Gallimard 1969) he is quoted as saying that "the practice of poetry enables us to posit the Other as an equal" and that poetic inspiration is, "a very rare thing, a fleeting gift from Heaven, to which the poet needs to be, at the price of an absolute purity, receptive - and to pay with his unhappiness for the benefits derived from this blessing. "


Works include

External links

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