| Michael Jackson | |
|---|---|
.jpg/220px-Michaeljackson_(cropped).jpg) Michael Jackson in 1988
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| Background information | |
| Birth name | Michael Joseph Jackson |
| Born | August 29, 1958 Gary, Indiana, USA |
| Genre(s) | R&B, soul, pop, dance-pop, disco, rock, urban, New jack swing, funk, Motown |
| Occupation(s) | singer, songwriter, record producer, arranger, dancer, choreographer, actor |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, percussion, multiple instruments |
| Years active | 1967–present |
| Label(s) | Motown, Epic, Sony, The Michael Jackson Company, Inc. |
| Associated acts | The Jackson 5/The Jacksons, Quincy Jones |
| Website | MichaelJackson.com |
Michael Joseph Jackson (born August 29, 1958) is an American musician and entertainer. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Soul music is a Music genre that combines Rhythm and blues and Gospel music, originating in the United States. Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure Dance-pop is a style of Electronic dance music and a subgenre of Pop music that evolved from Disco, circa 1981 that combines dance beats with a pop Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Contemporary R&B (also known as R&B, urban) is a Music genre of western Popular music (predominantly American and Canadian New jack swing, or "swingbeat" is a hybrid style popular from the late-1980s into the mid-1990s which fuses the Rhythms samples and production Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing In Music, an arrangement refers either to a rewriting of a piece of existing Music with additional new material or to a fleshing-out of a compositional sketch such Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic See also, Choreography (literally "dance-writing" from the Greek words "χορεία" (circular dance see chorea) and "γραφή" An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, which is often contrasted with Speech. A multi-instrumentalist is a Musician who plays a number of different instruments The Bachelor of Music degree usually requires a second instrument In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. Epic Records is an American Record label. It is owned and operated by Sony Music Entertainment. The Jackson 5 (also spelled The Jackson Five or The Jackson 5ive, and later known as The Jacksons) was an American popular music Family Quincy Delight Jones Jr (born March 14, 1933) also known as Q, is an American Music Impresario, conductor Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A musician is a person who plays or writes Music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music An instrumentalist plays a See also Entertainment (disambiguation and The Entertainer (disambiguation Entertainment is an activity designed to give people The seventh child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene at the age of eleven as a member of The Jackson 5. The Jackson family is an American family of musicians who originated from Gary Indiana and later relocated to Encino, California. The Jackson 5 (also spelled The Jackson Five or The Jackson 5ive, and later known as The Jacksons) was an American popular music Family Jackson went on to begin a solo career in 1972, becoming a pop icon and named the "King of Pop", in subsequent years. Pop icon is a Celebrity whose fame in pop culture constitutes a defining characteristic of a given society or era Five of his solo studio albums, Off the Wall (1979), Thriller (1982), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991) and HIStory (1995), have become some of the world's best selling pop records. A studio album is an original collection of new tracks by a recording artist Thriller is the sixth Studio album by American pop musician Michael Jackson. Bad is the seventh Studio album by pop singer Michael Jackson, released on August 31 1987 by Epic/CBS Records. Dangerous was the first album Michael Jackson released in the 1990s (and his eighth on November 22 1991 History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology
Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music in the late 1970s as the first black entertainer to amass a strong crossover following on MTV. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. The popularity of his videos aired on MTV, such as "Beat It" and "Billie Jean", helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map", while videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream" made Jackson a staple on MTV into the 1990s. " Beat It " is a hit single from Michael Jackson 's album Thriller, released in 1983 (see 1983 in music) " Billie Jean " is a 1983 hit single from Michael Jackson 's Thriller album " Black or White " was the first single taken from Michael Jackson 's album Dangerous, released in October 1991 " Scream "/" Childhood " is a 1995 hit single by Michael Jackson. He transformed the music video into an art form and a promotional tool as well. A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics Jackson popularized physically complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, along with a distinctive musical sound and vocal style that have influenced numerous hip hop, pop, and R&B artists. The robot (or mannequin) is an illusionary Dance style - often confused with popping - that attempts to imitate a dancing Robot or The moonwalk or backslide is a Dance technique that presents the illusion that the dancer is stepping forward whilst actually moving backward Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure Contemporary R&B (also known as R&B, urban) is a Music genre of western Popular music (predominantly American and Canadian
Jackson has donated and raised several hundred million dollars for beneficial causes, through his Dangerous World Tour, charity singles and support of thirty-nine charities. The Dangerous Tour was Michael Jackson's second solo world tour that started on June 27, 1992 in Munich Germany and ended on November [1][2] However other aspects of his personal life has generated significant controversy; plastic surgery, a lightening skin tone due to vitiligo and eccentric behavior have damaged his reputation among the public. Plastic surgery is a medical specialty interested in the correction of form and function Vitiligo (ˈvɪtəˈlaɪgoʊ or leukoderma is a chronic skin disease that causes loss of pigment, resulting in irregular pale patches of Skin He was accused of child sexual abuse in 1993, although the matter was settled out of court. Child sexual abuse is a form of Child abuse in which a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult or older adolescent Jackson was tried, and later acquitted, of further child molestation allegations and several other charges in 2005. People v Jackson ( The People of the State of California v Michael Joseph Jackson) was a 2005 child molestation trial involving pop icon Michael Jackson. Child sexual abuse is a form of Child abuse in which a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult or older adolescent He has been the subject of long term financial difficulties and health concerns.
Jackson is one of few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a Museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland Ohio, United States His awards include eight Guinness World Records—including one for Thriller, as the worlds best selling album—thirteen Grammy Awards, thirteen number one singles in his solo career—more than any other artist in the Hot 100 era—and the sale of over 750 million units worldwide. Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U This is a list of the world's best-selling albums. The criteria are that the figure must have been published by a reliable source and the album must have sold at least 20 million copies The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Jackson's highly publicized personal life, coupled with his successful career has made him a part of pop culture for almost four decades. This article lists the sales and chart records and achievements of Michael Jackson, an American Pop icon known as the "King of Pop Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — [3]
Biography
1958–1975: Early life and The Jackson 5
- See also: The Jackson 5
Michael Joseph Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana to a working-class family. The Jackson 5 (also spelled The Jackson Five or The Jackson 5ive, and later known as The Jacksons) was an American popular music Family The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union [4] The son of Joseph Walter (Joe) and Katherine Esther (née Scruse),[4] he was the fifth of six brothers and the seventh of nine children. Joseph Walter Jackson (aka Joe Jackson born July 26, 1929) is a Manager, former Boxer, former Musician best known as the father Katherine Jackson (born May 4 1930) is the Matriarch of the Jacksons musical dynasty and the mother of pop music icons Michael His brothers and sisters are Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, Randy, Janet, La Toya and Rebbie. Sigmund Esco "Jackie" Jackson (born May 4, 1951) is an American Singer and Musician, a former member of The Jackson Toriano Adaryll "Tito" Jackson (born on October 15 1953 in Gary Indiana) is an American Singer and Guitarist Jermaine LaJaune Jackson or Muhammad Abdul Aziz (born December 11, 1954) is an American Grammy Award -nominated Singer Marlon David Jackson (born March 12 1957 is an American singer former member of The Jackson 5, and older brother of American pop stars Michael Jackson Steven Randall "Randy" Jackson (born October 29 1961 in Gary Indiana) is an American Singer and Musician Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16 1966 is an American recording artist and entertainer La Toya Jackson (born May 29, 1956) is an American Singer - Songwriter, Musician, bestselling Author Maureen Reillette "Rebbie" Brown (née Jackson) professionally known as Rebbie Jackson, (born May 29, 1950 in Gary Indiana [5] Joseph Jackson was a steel mill employee who often performed in an R&B band known as "The Falcons" with his brother, Luther. [5] He was a strict disciplinarian, and many of the Jackson children recall being spanked or whipped by their father for misbehaving. [6] Katherine, a Jehovah's Witness, raised the children in that faith. Jehovah's Witnesses is a restorationist, millenialist Christian denomination [4]
Michael showed musical talent early in his life, performing in front of his classmates and other audience members during a Christmas recital at his school at the age of five. In 1964, Michael and Marlon joined the "Jackson Brothers", a band begun by brothers Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine, as backup playing congas and tambourine, respectively. The conga is tall narrow single-headed Cuban Drum of African origin probably derived from the Congolese Makuta drums or Sikulu The tambourine or Marine is a Musical instrument of the percussion family consisting of a frame often of wood or plastic with pairs of small metal jingles Jackson later began performing backup vocals and dancing; at the age of eight, he and Jermaine assumed lead vocals and the group's name was changed to "The Jackson 5". The group recorded a number of singles for the local label Steeltown Records in 1967, and signed with the national Motown Records label in 1968. Steeltown Records was a short-lived Record label active from 1966 to 1972 and formed by Gordon Keith in Gary Indiana. "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. [4][7] Rolling Stone described the young Jackson as "a prodigy" with "overwhelming musical gifts", noting that after Jackson began to dance and sing with his brothers, "he quickly emerged as the main draw and lead singer. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published "[7] Even though he sang with a "child's piping voice, he danced like a grown-up hoofer and sang with the R&B/gospel inflections of Sam Cooke, James Brown, Ray Charles, and Stevie Wonder. Sam Cooke ( January 22, 1931 &ndash December 11, 1964) was an American gospel, R&B, soul, and James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The Ray Charles Robinson ( September 23, 1930 – June 10, 2004) known by his Stage name Ray Charles, was an American Stevie Wonder (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins on May 13 1950 name later changed to Stevland Hardaway Morris) is an "[7]
The Jackson 5 toured Indiana extensively from 1965 through 1967. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union After winning a major local talent show in 1966 with renditions of Motown hits and James Brown's "I Got You (I Feel Good)", led by Michael, they began playing professional gigs in Chicago, Illinois and across the mid-eastern United States. "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The " I Got You (I Feel Good " (commonly known as " I Feel Good " is a hit Song by James Brown. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Many of these gigs were in a string of black clubs and venues collectively known as the "chitlin' circuit," where the young band often opened for stripteases and other adult acts. The " chitlin' circuit " was the collective name given to the string of performance venues throughout the eastern and southern United States that were safe and acceptable [8]
The fledgling group set a record when all of their first four singles ("I Want You Back", "ABC", "The Love You Save", and "I'll Be There") charted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100. " I Want You Back " is a 1969 number-one single recorded by The Jackson 5 for the Motown label For the rap single by Jin see ABC (Jin song "ABC" was a 1970 number-one hit song by The Jackson 5. " The Love You Save " is a 1970 number-one hit single recorded by The Jackson 5 for the Motown label " I'll Be There " is a soul song written by Berry Gordy Jr [8][9] During the Jackson 5's early years, Motown's public relations team shortened Michael's age from eleven to nine to make him appear cuter and more accessible to the mainstream audience. [10] Starting in 1972 Jackson released a total of four solo studio albums with Motown, among them Got to Be There and Ben. Got to Be There was the solo debut album by then- Adolescent Michael Jackson, released on Motown Records, released on January 24 1972 Ben was the second full-length solo album by American singer Michael Jackson. These were released as part of the Jackson 5 franchise and produced successful singles such as "Got to Be There", "Ben", and a remake of Bobby Day's "Rockin' Robin". " Got to Be There " is a 1971 single released by Michael Jackson on the Motown label " Ben " is a number-one hit song recorded by the teenaged Michael Jackson for the Motown label in 1972. Bobby Day ( July 1 1928 - July 15 1990) was an early African American Rock and roll and R&B Musician " Rockin' Robin " is a 1958 song by Bobby Day. The single was Day's only hit single becoming a No Between 1971 and 1975, Michael's voice, according to Rolling Stone, "descended ever so slightly from boy soprano to his current androgynous high tenor. "[7] The group's sales began declining in 1973 and they chafed under Motown's strict refusal to allow them creative control or input. Although they scored several top 40 hits, including the top five disco single "Dancing Machine" and the top 20 hit "I Am Love", the Jackson 5 left Motown in 1975. Disco is a Genre of dance-oriented music whose origins are hard to define " Dancing Machine " is a 1973 song recorded by The Jackson 5, released as a single in 1974. "I Am Love" was the Jackson 5 's last Top 20 hit (#15 in 1974 as the group later left Motown for CBS.
1976–1981: The Jacksons and Off the Wall
The group signed a new contract with CBS Records in 1976, first joining the Philadelphia International Records division and then Epic Records. Columbia Records is an American Record label founded in 1888 Columbia is the oldest surviving Brand name in pre-recorded sound being the first record company Epic Records is an American Record label. It is owned and operated by Sony Music Entertainment. [11] Motown Records subsequently sued the group for breach of contract;[12] as a result of the legal proceedings, which were further complicated by the fact that Jermaine Jackson was married to the daughter of Motown president Berry Gordy, the Jacksons lost the rights to use the "Jackson 5" name and logo. "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. Jermaine LaJaune Jackson or Muhammad Abdul Aziz (born December 11, 1954) is an American Grammy Award -nominated Singer Berry Gordy Jr (born November 28, 1929, Detroit Michigan) is an American Record producer, and the founder of the Motown [13] Jermaine left the group, choosing to stay at Motown, and the group changed their name to "The Jacksons", featuring youngest brother Randy in Jermaine's place. [14]
After the name change, the group's successful career continued, as they toured internationally and released six more albums between 1976 and 1984. Jermaine re-joined in 1983, making "The Jacksons" a sextet. From 1976 to 1984, Michael was the lead songwriter of the group, writing hits such as "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)", "This Place Hotel" and "Can You Feel It". " Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground " released in December 1978, is a 1979 hit single recorded by The Jacksons for CBS / Epic Originally named " Heartbreak Hotel " " This Place Hotel " was a hit recording by The Jacksons when it was released in 1980 "Can You Feel It" was a hit recording by Funk and soul group The Jacksons, recorded in March 1980 and released in September [8] In 1978, Michael Jackson starred as the Scarecrow in the film adaptation of the Broadway musical The Wiz, with former label mate Diana Ross playing Dorothy. The Scarecrow is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L The Wiz is a 1978 American Musical film produced by Motown Productions and Universal Pictures, and released by Universal on October Diana Ross (born March 261944 is an American twelve-time Grammy and Oscar -nominated singer Record producer and actress whose musical repertoire Dorothy Gale is a Fictional character, the Protagonist of many of the Oz novels by American author L [15] The songs for the musical were arranged by Quincy Jones, who established a partnership with Jackson during the film's production and agreed to produce the singer's next solo album. Quincy Delight Jones Jr (born March 14, 1933) also known as Q, is an American Music Impresario, conductor
Off the Wall, issued in 1979, was the first album in music history to have four US top-ten hits, including number one hits "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" and "Rock with You". " Don’t Stop 'til You Get Enough " was the first hit single from Michael Jackson ’s 1979 Off the Wall album his first This article is about the song by Michael Jackson. For the song by BoA see Rock With You (song. [9] The record itself reached number three on the Billboard album charts, was in the top 20 for 48 consecutive weeks, and sold septuple-Platinum in the United States. In the United States, the Recording Industry Association of America awards certification based on the number of Albums and singles sold through retail and [16] Quincy Jones and Jackson jointly produced the album, while the lyrics and music were variously composed by Jackson, Heatwave's Rod Temperton, Stevie Wonder and Paul McCartney, among others. Heatwave was an international Rhythm and blues / Funk band featuring Americans Johnnie Wilder Jr Rodney Lynn Temperton (born 1947, Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire, England) is an English Songwriter, Record producer Stevie Wonder (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins on May 13 1950 name later changed to Stevland Hardaway Morris) is an Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE (born 18 June 1942 is an English rock Singer, Bass guitarist songwriter Composer, The album eventually sold over fifteen million copies worldwide. [17] Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt the album should have made a much bigger impact and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release. [18]
In January 1980, Jackson won three awards for his solo efforts at the American Music Awards; these included Favorite Soul/R&B Album, Favorite Male Soul/R&B Artist, and Favorite Soul/R&B Single (for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough"). The American Music Awards show is one of several annual major American music awards shows (among the others are the Billboard Music Awards the Grammy Awards [9] He also won two Billboard Awards later that month, for Top Black Artist and Top Black Album. The Billboard Music Awards, sponsored by Billboard magazine and held annually in December is one of several annual United States music awards shows (among [9] On February 27, 1980 Jackson won a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance, also for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) [9] Rolling Stone ranked Off the Wall number 68 on their list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time[19] and was listed by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers at number 80 of the Definitive 200 Albums of All Time. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published [20] In 2008, the album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. See also Grammy Grammy Hall of Fame Award List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients A-D List of Grammy Hall [21]
1982–1986: Thriller, Motown 25, Victory Tour and We Are the World
In November 1982 the storybook for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial was released, including Jackson's song "Someone in the Dark"; the record won a Grammy for Best Album for Children. Thriller is the sixth Studio album by American pop musician Michael Jackson. Motown 25 Yesterday Today Forever was a 1983 Television special produced by Suzanne de Passe for Motown The Victory Tour was a music tour of the United States and Canada by The Jacksons that started on July 6, 1984 in Kansas " We Are the World " is a 1985 song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, produced and conducted by Quincy Jones and recorded This article is about the 1982 film For the term "ET" which redirects here see ET. [22] A few weeks later Jackson issued his second Epic album, Thriller ; it is one of only three albums to remain in the top ten of the Billboard 200 for a full year, spending eighty consecutive weeks there and thirty-seven of those weeks at number one. Thriller is the sixth Studio album by American pop musician Michael Jackson. The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard It was also the first of three albums to have seven Billboard Hot 100 Top 10 singles and the only album to be the best-seller in the United States for two years (1983–1984). Thriller has been certified 27x platinum by the RIAA,[23] giving it Double Diamond Award status in the U. S. ,[24] and sold 3. 7 million copies in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located [25] The album reached Diamond or Multi-Platinum status in a plethora of countries as well, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand,[26] and Spain. [24] Thriller was listed by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers at number 3 of the Definitive 200 Albums of All Time. [20]
Still popular today, Thriller sells an estimated 130,000 copies in the U. S. per year, reaching number two on the U.S. Catalog charts in February 2003 and number 39 in the UK in March 2007. Top Pop Catalog Albums is a weekly albums chart produced by Billboard magazine which ranks the best selling catalog titles regardless of genre [27] Though sales figures vary with different sources, the album is cited as selling between forty-five million and over one hundred million copies worldwide. [4][28] According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Thriller sold sixty-five million copies as of 2007. Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U [29]
The album also became the first in history to spawn seven Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 hit singles,[30] including "Billie Jean", "Beat It" and the album's title track, all of which were accompanied by music videos. " Billie Jean " is a 1983 hit single from Michael Jackson 's Thriller album " Beat It " is a hit single from Michael Jackson 's album Thriller, released in 1983 (see 1983 in music) " Thriller " is an early 1984 hit single recorded by Michael Jackson for the Epic label "Billie Jean"'s video was the first by a black artist to receive regular airplay on MTV. [31] The thirteen-minute "Thriller" video was critically acclaimed and had massive airplay. Michael Jackson's Thriller is a 13-minute Music video for the song of the same name released on December 2 1983 and directed by John Landis It was packaged with the featurette Making Michael Jackson's Thriller as a home video: this became the best-selling music home video ever. Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto Magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. [30]
On March 25, 1983 Jackson performed "Billie Jean" live on the Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever television special. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Motown 25 Yesterday Today Forever was a 1983 Television special produced by Suzanne de Passe for Motown Debuting his signature move — the moonwalk — his performances during the event led many to perceive him as one of the greatest dancers of all time. The moonwalk or backslide is a Dance technique that presents the illusion that the dancer is stepping forward whilst actually moving backward The performance was extraordinarily popular, with over 47 million views of the first televised airing. His performance was often compared to Elvis Presley and the The Beatles appearing on The Ed Sullivan Show. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 The Ed Sullivan Show was an American television Variety show that ran from June 20, 1948 to June 6, [32] Jackson suffered a setback on January 27, 1984, however. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) While filming a Pepsi Cola commercial at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, some pyrotechnics set his hair on fire, and he suffered second degree burns to his scalp. Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. The accident, which happened in front of a full house of fans during a simulated concert, was the subject of heavy media scrutiny and elicited an outpouring of sympathy. [33] PepsiCo settled a lawsuit out of court, and Jackson gave his $1. 5 million, settlement to the Michael Jackson Burn Centre. [34]
On May 14, 1984 Jackson was invited to the White House to receive an award presented by President Ronald Reagan. Nancy Davis Reagan (born Anne Frances Robbins on July 6 1921 is the widow of former United States President Ronald Reagan and served as an influential Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence The event, notable because an African-American met a Republican president at the White House in the 1980s, was seen as a positive move forward in social views towards race. [35] Thriller put black music on U. S. radio for the first time in years, paving the way for other acts, such as that of Prince. Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician [36]
Jackson won eight awards during the 1984 Grammys (in 2008, the Thriller album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame). See also Grammy Grammy Hall of Fame Award List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients A-D List of Grammy Hall [21] Unlike later albums, Thriller did not have an official tour to promote it, but the Victory Tour, headlined by The Jacksons and which began on July 6, 1984, showcased much of Jackson's new solo material to more than 2 million Americans. The Victory Tour was a music tour of the United States and Canada by The Jacksons that started on July 6, 1984 in Kansas Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) [37] He donated his $5 million share from the Victory Tour to charity. [38] The following year, on March 7, the charity single "We Are the World" was released worldwide to aid people in Africa and the United States. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus " We Are the World " is a 1985 song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, produced and conducted by Quincy Jones and recorded Written primarily by Jackson with help from Lionel Richie, it became one of the best-selling singles of all time, with nearly 20 million copies sold and millions of dollars raised for charity. Lionel Brockman Richie Jr (born June 20 1949 is an Academy Award and Grammy award-winning American Singer, Songwriter, It was the first instance where Jackson became seen as a humanitarian. [39]
Thriller was an enormous hit that made Jackson the seminal icon of American culture at the time. At the age of 25, the New York Times called him a "musical phenomenon," further commenting that "in the world of pop music, there is Michael Jackson and there is everybody else. "[40] Time magazine argued that "the fallout from Thriller has given the [music] business its best years since the heady days of 1978. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and "[41]
1987–1990: Tabloid stories, Bad and first solo world tour
Stories of Jackson sleeping in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber to stall the human process of aging, and allegations that Jackson attempted to purchase the bones of the Elephant Man, began surfacing in tabloids around this time. Captain EO (alternately Captain Eo) is a 3-D film formerly shown at Disney Theme parks The film stars Michael Bad is the seventh Studio album by pop singer Michael Jackson, released on August 31 1987 by Epic/CBS Records. The Bad Tour was the first solo world tour by Michael Jackson which was sponsored by Pepsi-Cola that started on September 12 1987 in Tokyo Japan and ended on Hyperbaric medicine, also known as hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT is the medical use of Oxygen at a higher than Atmospheric pressure. These inspired the pejorative epithet "Wacko Jacko," a name that Jackson would acquire the following year and came to despise. [4][42]
In 1986, Jackson starred in the George Lucas-produced, Francis Ford Coppola-directed 3-D film Captain EO. George Walton Lucas Jr (born May 14, 1944) is an Academy Award -winning American Film director, producer, Screenwriter Francis Ford "Frank" Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award -winning American Film director, See also [[stereoscopy]] In film the term 3-D (or 3D) is used to describe any visual presentation system that attempts to maintain or recreate moving images Captain EO (alternately Captain Eo) is a 3-D film formerly shown at Disney Theme parks The film stars Michael It was the most expensive film produced on a per-minute basis at the time, and was later hosted in some Disney theme parks. Disneyland featured the film in its Tomorrowland area for nearly eleven years, while Walt Disney World screened the film in its Epcot theme park from 1986 to 1994. Tomorrowland is one of the many "themed lands" at the many theme parks owned or licensed by The Walt Disney Company around the world Walt Disney World Resort is the most visited and largest recreational resort in the world containing four Theme parks two Water parks twenty-three themed hotels Epcot is a Theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort. The park is dedicated to international Culture and technological Innovation.
In 1987, Jackson released Bad; his third album from the Epic Records label, and the final album with producer Quincy Jones. [30] He initially wanted to make the album 30 tracks long, but Jones cut this down to 11. With the industry expecting another monster hit, the release was heavily anticipated as it was Jackson's first album in five years. [43] Jackson hired film director Martin Scorsese to direct the video for the album's title track. [44] When the 18-minute music video debuted, it sparked controversy as Jackson's physical appearance had significantly changed. [4]
Bad had lower sales when compared to Thriller, but was still a significant commercial success. In the United States, it spawned seven hit singles, five of which went to number one: "I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror", and "Dirty Diana". " I Just Can't Stop Loving You " is a popular ballad by singers Michael Jackson and Siedah Garrett. " Bad " was a 1987 hit recording by American singer Michael Jackson. " The Way You Make Me Feel " is a song written by American singer Michael Jackson and recorded for his seventh album Bad ( 1987) " Man in the Mirror " was a number-one hit for singer Michael Jackson when released as a single in the spring of 1988 " Dirty Diana " is a hit song by Singer Michael Jackson. Two decades after it was released, Bad still holds the record for generating more #1 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 charts than any other album. [45] It went on to sell over 29 million copies worldwide, had over 2 million advance orders, and sold 3. 6 million copies in the UK. [25][43][46][47] At the 1993 Grammy Awards, the album was acknowledged as the second best-selling album of all time, but has since been overtaken. [48][25]
In September 1987, Jackson embarked upon his first solo world tour, the Bad World Tour, which had record-breaking attendance figures. The Bad Tour was the first solo world tour by Michael Jackson which was sponsored by Pepsi-Cola that started on September 12 1987 in Tokyo Japan and ended on In Japan alone, Jackson had 14 sellouts and drew 570,000 people, nearly tripling the previous record of 200,000 in a single tour. [49] The tour lasted 16 months, as Jackson performed 123 concerts to 4. 5 million fans. [50]
This period saw Jackson experience high levels of stardom, previously known to Elvis Presley, The Beatles, and Frank Sinatra, among others. [51] This success led to him to be dubbed the "King of Pop", a nickname conceived by actress and friend Elizabeth Taylor when she presented Jackson with an "Artist of the Decade" award in 1989, proclaiming him "the true king of pop, rock and soul. Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor, DBE (born 27 February 1932) is a two-time Academy Award -winning English-American actress "[52][53][54] In 1990, the White House presented the singer with its own special "Artist of the Decade" award, in recognition Jackson's musical influence in the 1980s. It was awarded to him by President George H. W. Bush, who commended Jackson for acquiring a "tremendous following", among other achievements. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 [55]
From 1985 to 1990, Jackson donated $500,000 to the United Negro College Fund and all profits from his 1988 hit single "Man in the Mirror" went to charity. The United Negro College Fund ( UNCF) is a Fairfax, Virginia -based American philanthropic organization that fundraises College tuition [56][57]
1991–1994: Dangerous, charity, accusations and marriage
In November 1991, Jackson issued Dangerous, which has 7 million shipments in the United States, sold 2 million copies in the UK and sold 27 million copies worldwide,[47][58][25] registering sales figures slightly lower to those of Bad. Dangerous was the first album Michael Jackson released in the 1990s (and his eighth on November 22 1991 The Dangerous Tour was Michael Jackson's second solo world tour that started on June 27, 1992 in Munich Germany and ended on November It became one of the most successful New jack swing albums of all time. New jack swing, or "swingbeat" is a hybrid style popular from the late-1980s into the mid-1990s which fuses the Rhythms samples and production Dangerous featured hits, including "Black or White", "Remember the Time", "In the Closet", "Give In To Me", "Heal the World" and "Will You Be There". " Black or White " was the first single taken from Michael Jackson 's album Dangerous, released in October 1991 " Remember the Time " is a popular recording for American Pop and R&B singer Michael Jackson in March of 1992 " In the Closet " is a song by American rock, R&B and pop singer Michael Jackson from his 1991 album " Give In to Me " is the tenth track on Michael Jackson 's 1991 studio album Dangerous. " Heal the World " is a Song featured on Michael Jackson 's hit Album, Dangerous, released in 1991 " Will You Be There " is a song by Michael Jackson which was released as a single in 1993. The album was highly anticipated, as highlighted by an incident at the Los Angeles International Airport that witnessed a group of armed robbers stealing 30,000 copies of the new album before its official release. Los Angeles International Airport is the primary Airport serving Los Angeles, California, the second-most populated metropolitan area of [59] Dangerous was listed by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers at number 115 of the Definitive 200 Albums of All Time. [20]
The biggest hit single in the United States from the album was "Black or White", which reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and remained there for seven weeks,[3] with similar performances around the world. The single was accompanied by a controversial music video, which, on November 14, 1991, simultaneously premiered in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a music video. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. [3] It featured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violence. The offending scenes in the final half of the 14-minute version were edited out to prevent the video from being banned and Jackson apologized. [4]
The second single released from Dangerous was "Remember The Time", which spent eight weeks in the Top Five in the United States and hit a peak at #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. In 1993, Jackson performed the song at the Soul Train Awards in a wheel chair saying he had an injury in rehearsals. The Soul Train Music Awards is an annual award show aired in national Television syndication that honors the best in Black Music and Entertainment [60] At the ceremony, he was given three awards: "Best Male Single" of the year for "Remember The Time", "Best R&B Album" for Dangerous, and a Humanitarian Award for his charitable contributions to date. [61] In the UK, as well as other parts of Europe, "Heal the World" was the biggest hit from the album. In Britain, it sold 450,000 copies alone and spent five weeks at #2 in 1992. [27]
Jackson founded the "Heal the World Foundation" in 1992, in reference to his humanitarian single "Heal the World". The charity organization brought underprivileged children to Jackson's Neverland Ranch, located outside Santa Ynez, California, to go on theme park rides which Jackson had built on the property after he purchased it in 1988. Value In early 2004 news program Entertainment Tonight estimated Neverland Ranch to be valued at approximately $120 million California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The foundation also sent millions of dollars around the globe to help children threatened by war and disease. All profits from the Dangerous World Tour went to his foundation, raising many millions of dollars in relief. The Dangerous Tour was Michael Jackson's second solo world tour that started on June 27, 1992 in Munich Germany and ended on November [62]
Later that year, Jackson made a high-profile visit to Africa, in which he visited several countries, among them Gabon and Egypt. [63] His first stop to Gabon was greeted with a sizable reception of more than 100,000 people in "spiritual bedlam", some of them carrying signs that read, "Welcome Home Michael". [63] In his trip to the Ivory Coast, Jackson was crowned "King Sani" by a tribal chief. [63] He then thanked the dignitaries in French and English, signed official documents formalizing his kingship, and sat on a golden throne while presiding over ceremonial dances. [63] In January 1993, he performed during the halftime show at Super Bowl XXVII. Super Bowl XXVII was an American football game played on January 31 1993 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena California to decide the National Football It drew one of the largest viewing audiences in the history of American television. [3] Jackson was given the "Living Legend Award" at the 35th Annual Grammy Awards in Los Angeles. [64]
In the late 1980s, Jackson befriended Ryan White, a child suffering from AIDS. Ryan Wayne White (December 6 1971 – April 8 1990 was an American teenager from Kokomo Indiana who became a national Poster child for HIV White made headlines around the world, fighting against legal and social prejudices towards AIDS victims. Jackson, who was sympathetic to the cause, drew public attention to the disease, something that was still controversial at the time. White died in at the age of eighteen in 1990, Jackson attended the funeral. In 1993, Jackson publically pleaded with the Clinton Administration, at Bill Clintons Inaugural Gala, to give more money to AIDS charities and research. The United States Presidency of Bill Clinton, also known as the Clinton Administration, was the executive branch of the Federal William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States He dedicated the song "Gone Too Soon" from his Dangerous album to White. " Gone Too Soon " is a song by Michael Jackson. It is the ninth single taken from the album Dangerous. [65][66]
In 1993, it was revealed that Jackson often allowed children to sleep over at his Neverland ranch, a fact which came under much media and public scrutiny when child molestation allegations were brought against him by a child who had stayed with him on several occasions. Child sexual abuse is a form of Child abuse in which a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult or older adolescent Jordan Chandler, the son of former Beverly Hills dentist Evan Chandler, represented by civil lawyer Larry Feldman, accused Jackson of molestation. On December 22, Jackson responded to the allegations via satellite from his Neverland compound and stated that he was "totally innocent of any wrongdoing". Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies In January of 1994 , Jackson settled the issue out of court for an undisclosed sum, reported to be $20 million while Chandler refused to testify. [67]
Later that year, Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley, daughter of Elvis Presley. Lisa Marie Presley (born February 1 1968 is an American Singer-songwriter. They first meet in 1974, during one of Jacksons family engagements at the MGM Grand and were reconnected through a mutual friend in early 1993. [68] After that they stayed in contact every day over the telephone. As child molestation accusations became public Jackson became dependent on Lisa Marie for emotional support, she was concerned about his faltering health and his addiction to drugs. [69] Lisa Marie explained, "I believed he didn't do anything wrong, and that he was wrongly accused and, yes, I started falling for him. I wanted to save him. I felt that I could do it. "[70] In one phone call he made to her, she described him as high, incoherent and delusional. [71] Shortly afterwards she tried to persuade Jackson to settle the allegations out of court and go into rehabilitation to recover — he subsequently did both. [72]
Jackson proposed to Lisa Marie, over the telephone, towards the fall of 1993, saying "If I asked you to marry me, would you do it?". [73] The marriage was, in her words, "a married couple's life . . . that was sexually active". [74] They divorced less than two years later, remaining friends. [75]
1995–1999: HIStory, charity, second marriage and fatherhood
In June 1995, Jackson released HIStory: Past, Present And Future — Book I,[64] resulting in one Grammy Award for "best video of the year". History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology The HIStory Tour was Michael Jackson's third solo world tour that started on September 7, 1996 in Prague, Czech Republic and [76] It debuted at number one on the charts[4] has been certified for seven million shipments in the United States and sold 1. 5 million copies in the UK. [77][25] It is the best-selling multiple-disc album of all-time, with 18 million copies (36 million units) sold worldwide. [3] To promote the album, Jackson embarked on the successful HIStory World Tour,[64] which was attended by more than 4. The HIStory Tour was Michael Jackson's third solo world tour that started on September 7, 1996 in Prague, Czech Republic and 5 million people. The first disc, HIStory Begins, was a 15-track greatest hits album and was later released as Greatest Hits — HIStory Vol. I, in 2001. The second disc, HIStory Continues, contained 15 new songs.
The first single released from the album was "Scream", sung and performed with Jackson's youngest sister Janet. Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16 1966 is an American recording artist and entertainer The single had the highest debut on the Billboard Hot 100 at #5 and received a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals". [78] The music video for "Scream" is one of his most critically acclaimed, winning three MTV awards in 1995, a Grammy in 1996,[64] and remains the most expensive music video ever made. This page lists the most expensive Music videos ever made Singer Michael Jackson has the most videos on this list with five [79] "You Are Not Alone" was the second single released from HIStory, it was the first song ever to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, earning Jackson a Guinness World Record. " You Are Not Alone " is a hit single by Singer-songwriter Michael Jackson, released in August 1995 [80] It was seen as a major artistic and commercial success, receiving a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Vocal Performance". [78]
"Earth Song" was the third single released from HIStory, accompanied by an expensive but well-received music video that was nominated for a Grammy in 1996 but lost to his earlier video "Scream". " Earth Song " is a song by Michael Jackson featured on Jackson's 1995 HIStory album [81] The song topped the United Kingdom singles chart for six weeks over Christmas 1995 and sold one million copies, making it his most successful single in Britain. [27] Slash appeared at Jackson's MTV Music Video Awards 1995 performance during "Black or White", played a solo, then played along to the opening of "Billie Jean". [82] Jackson showed a shift in his concerns to environmental issues and ended the night with a message asking for donations for his "Heal the World Foundation".
At the 1996 BRIT awards, Jackson was given a special "Artist of a Generation" award. The BRIT Awards, often simply called The BRITs, are the British Phonographic Industry 's annual pop music awards [27] At the ceremony he performed his single "Earth Song", making a symbolic Christ-like pose while surrounded by children. That led Jarvis Cocker, of the band Pulp, to mount the stage in protest of the performance. Jarvis Branson Cocker (born 19 September 1963 is an English musician best known for fronting the band Pulp. Pulp were an English Alternative rock band formed in Sheffield in 1978 by Jarvis Cocker ( vocals Guitar) Cocker was subsequently questioned by the police on suspicion of causing injury towards three of the children in Jackson's performance, although no criminal proceedings followed. [83]
On November 13 of that year, during the Australian leg of the HIStory World Tour, Jackson married his dermatologist's nurse, Deborah Jeanne Rowe, with whom he fathered a son, Michael Joseph Jackson, Jr. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Deborah Jeanne Rowe aka Debbie Rowe (born May 14[[ 959]] is the dermatologist 's nurse who married singer Michael Jackson. (also known as "Prince"),[84] and a daughter, Paris Michael Katherine Jackson. [85] They first meet in the early 1980s when Jackson was diagnosed with Vitiligo. Vitiligo (ˈvɪtəˈlaɪgoʊ or leukoderma is a chronic skin disease that causes loss of pigment, resulting in irregular pale patches of Skin [86] Originally there were no plans to marry but following Rowes first pregnancy, Jacksons mother intervened and persuaded them to. [87] The couple divorced in 1999, with Rowe giving full custody rights of the children over to Jackson. [4]
In 1997, Jackson released an album of new material titled Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix, with remixes of hit singles from HIStory, and five new songs;[64] it sold 6 million copies worldwide, becoming a best selling remix album. It reached number one in the United Kingdom, as did the title track. [88] In the United States, the album was certified platinum but only reached number twenty-four. [47][27] Of the new songs in the album, three were released globally: the title track, "Ghosts," and "Is It Scary". The singles "Ghosts" and "Is It Scary" were based on a film created by Jackson called "Ghosts". Ghosts is a short film starring Michael Jackson which could also be classified as a long-form Music video. [89] The short film, written by Jackson and Stephen King and directed by Stan Winston, features many special effects and dance moves choreographed to original music, which Jackson himself authored. Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American Author, Screenwriter, Musician, Columnist, Stanley Winston (April 7 1946 – June 15 2008 was an American Visual effects supervisor, Make-up artist, and Film director. [90] The music video for "Ghosts" is over 35 minutes long and holds the record as the world's longest music video. [91]
Throughout June of 1999, Jackson was involved with a number of charitable events. He joining Luciano Pavarotti for a benefit concert in Modena, Italy. WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes. Thank you--> Luciano Pavarotti, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( October 12, A benefit concert is a Concert, show or gala featuring musicians comedians or other performers that is held for a charitable purpose often directed at a specific The show was in support of the non-profit organization Warchild and raised approximately $1 million for the refugees of Kosovo as well as additional funds for the children of Guatemala. A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage For other uses see War Child (disambiguation War Child is a non-governmental organization founded by British filmmakers Bill Leeson According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race [92] Later that month Jackson organized a set of "Michael Jackson & Friends" benefit concerts in Germany and Korea. Other artists involved included Slash, The Scorpions, Boys II Men, Luther Vandross, Mariah Carey, Andrea Bocelli, and Luciano Pavarotti. Scorpions are a heavy metal / Hard rock band from Hanover, Germany, probably best known for their 1980s rock anthem " Rock You Like a Boyz II Men is a four-time Grammy Award -winning American R&B / soul singing group from Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Luther Ronzoni Vandross ( April 20 1951 – July 1 2005) was an American R&B and soul Singer-songwriter Andrea Bocelli, Grande Ufficiale Ordine al merito della Repubblica Italiana OMRI (born 22 September 1958 is an Italian Operatic pop Tenor The proceeds went to the "Nelson Mandela Children's Fund", the Red Cross, and UNESCO. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an International humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers worldwide who stated United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 [93]
2001–2002: Invincible, charity, label dispute and third child
In October 2001, Invincible was issued,[94] debuted at number one in thirteen countries,[3] and went on to sell approximately 10 million copies worldwide;[95] this included a double platinum certification in the United States. Invincible is a Studio album recorded by Michael Jackson released on October 30 2001 [47] The album spawned three singles: "You Rock My World," "Cry," and "Butterflies. " You Rock My World " is a song by Singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. " Cry " is a song from Michael Jackson 's 2001 album Invincible, written by R&B Songwriter R " Butterflies " is a song by Michael Jackson, written by Neo-soul duo Floetry member Marsha Ambrosius when she was in High school " The sales for Invincible were low compared to his previous releases, which may be due to the lack of a supporting world tour and because only one music video was released to promote the album. While most reviewers felt that the album was one of Jackson's least impressive,[96][97] negative reviewers often discussed the singer's perceived eccentric image rather than the music. [98]
Just before the release of Invincible, Jackson informed the head of Sony Music Entertainment, Tommy Mottola, that he was not going to renew his contract;[4] the contract was on the verge of expiration in terms of supplying the label with albums of new material for release through Epic Records/SME. Thomas Daniel 'Tommy' Mottola is an American music executive and co-owner of Casablanca Records in a joint venture with the Universal Music Group Sony Music Entertainment is a major global Record label controlled by the Sony Corporation of America, being one of the "big four" record companies In 2002, all singles releases, video shootings, and promotions concerning the Invincible album were canceled. Subsequently, Jackson made allegations that Mottola was a "devil" and a "racist" who did not support his African-American artists,[4] using them merely for his own personal gain. [4] He charged that Mottola had called his colleague Irv Gotti a "fat nigger". Irving Lorenzo (born June 26, 1970 in Hollis, Queens) better known by his Stage name Young or black Gotti, is Nigger is a Noun in the English language, most notable for its usage in a derogatory context to refer to Black people, and also as an informal [99]
On September 7 and September 10, 2001 Jackson organized a special 30th Anniversary celebration at Madison Square Garden for his 30th year of being a solo artist. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. In late November 2001 the CBS television network aired a two-hour special in honor of Michael Jackson 's thirtieth year as a solo entertainer (his first solo The show aired on November 13 and featured performances by Mýa, Usher, Whitney Houston, 'N Sync, the Jacksons, Slash, among other artists. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Mýa Marie Harrison, professionally known as Mýa or Mýa Harrison, is an American Grammy award Winning R&B and Usher Raymond IV (born October 14 1978 known simply by his first name Usher, is an American R&B and pop Singer - Songwriter Whitney Elizabeth Houston' (born August 9 1963 is an American Singer-songwriter, Actress, Film producer, Arranger and former The Jackson 5 (also spelled The Jackson Five or The Jackson 5ive, and later known as The Jacksons) was an American popular music Family Saul Hudson (born 23 July 1965 more widely known by his stage name Slash, is an English - African American Guitarist best known as the former [94] In wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks on America, Jackson helped organize the United We Stand: What More Can I Give benefit concert at RFK Stadium in Washington D.C. The concert was aired on October 21, 2001 and included performances from dozens of major artists, including Jackson, who performed his song "What More Can I Give" as the finale. United We Stand What More Can I Give was a Benefit concert held on October 21, 2001 at RFK Stadium in Washington D A benefit concert is a Concert, show or gala featuring musicians comedians or other performers that is held for a charitable purpose often directed at a specific Robert F Kennedy Memorial Stadium, better known as RFK Stadium or RFK, is a professional sports Stadium in Washington D Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. " What More Can I Give " (also " Todo Para Ti " in Spanish is a song recorded as a charity single by Michael Jackson and more than 35 other artists [95]
Jackson's third child, Prince Michael Jackson II (also known as Blanket) was born in 2002. [100] The mothers identity has not been released by Jackson but he has said it was the result of artificial insemination, from a surrogate mother and his own sperm cells. AIH redirects here For the indie rock band abbreviated AIH see Architecture in Helsinki Artificial insemination (AI is the process by which [101] In November of that year Jackson brought his new born son onto the balcony of his hotel room. Holding him in his right arm with a cloth loosely draped over the baby's face, Jackson briefly extending the baby over the railing of the balcony causing widespread criticism. [102]
2003–2006: Living with Michael Jackson and People v. Jackson
In November 2003, Jackson and Sony Records put out a compilation of his number-one hits on CD and DVD titled Number Ones, which sold over 6 million copies worldwide. Living with Michael Jackson was a Granada Television documentary in which British journalist Martin Bashir interviewed Michael Jackson The Essential Michael Jackson is a 2005 Greatest hits compilation released by Epic Records featuring thirty-eight hit songs by Michael Jackson Visionary The Video Singles is a series of singles by Michael Jackson which was released in Europe between February 20 2006 and June 26 2006 and People v Jackson ( The People of the State of California v Michael Joseph Jackson) was a 2005 child molestation trial involving pop icon Michael Jackson. Number Ones is a Greatest hits album of Singer-songwriter Michael Jackson released by Sony Music in late 2003 [103] In the United States it peaked at #13, it has been certified platinum by the RIAA, and in the UK it sold 1. 5 million copies. [27][47][25]
On December 18, 2003, Jackson was charged with seven counts of child molestation and two counts of administering an intoxicating agent in order to commit that felony, all regarding the same boy, Gavin Arvizo, under 14 at the time of the incident. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. People v Jackson ( The People of the State of California v Michael Joseph Jackson) was a 2005 child molestation trial involving pop icon Michael Jackson. Earlier that year, a Granada Television documentary featuring the pop-singer showed him holding hands and discussing sleeping arrangements with Avizno, who would later accuse him of child molestation. Granada Television is the United Kingdom ITV contractor for North West England. [104] The felony complaint stated that Jackson had committed seven lewd acts and two acts of administration of an intoxicating agent to enable the former accusations. Jackson denied these allegations, saying that the sleepovers were in no way sexual in nature. Jackson's friend, Elizabeth Taylor, defended him on Larry King Live, saying that she had been there when they "were in the bed, watching television. Larry King Live is an American talk show hosted by Larry King on CNN. There was nothing abnormal about it. There was no touchy-feely going on. We laughed like children, and we watched a lot of Walt Disney. There was nothing odd about it. "[105]
The People v. Jackson trial began in Santa Maria, California on January 31, 2005, and lasted until the end of May 2005; Jackson was acquitted on all counts in June. Santa Maria is the largest city in Santa Barbara County California. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The District Attorney of Santa Barbara County, Tom Sneddon, has led two efforts against Jackson involving child molestation. A district attorney (DA is in some US jurisdictions the title of the local public official who represents the government in the prosecution of alleged criminals Santa Barbara County is a County located on the Pacific coast of the southern portion of the U Thomas W Sneddon Jr was the District attorney of Santa Barbara County California. [106] These prosecutions have led to complaints that Sneddon was motivated by a "vendetta" against Jackson. Evidence to support these claims include Sneddon joking about Jackson's greatest hits album being released on the same day as his arrest, calling Jackson "Wacko Jacko," and shouting "we got him, we finally got him" to the media, when he had just began an investigation and gathered limited information or evidence. [107]
Following the trial, Jackson relocated to the Persian Gulf island of Bahrain, where he reportedly bought a house formerly owned by a Bahrain Member of Parliament. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the The Kingdom of Bahrain (in مملكة البحرين,, literally Kingdom of the Two Seas) is an Island country in the Persian Gulf A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. [108] In September 2005, it was announced that Jackson was producing an all-star charity single — entitled "I Have This Dream" — to help raise relief funds for victims of Hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest in the history of the United States The single has not yet been released. [109]
Beginning in February 2006, Sony BMG released Visionary: The Video Singles to the European market: a series of twenty of his biggest hit singles of the 1980s and 1990s. Sony BMG Music Entertainment is a diverse music and entertainment group Visionary The Video Singles is a series of singles by Michael Jackson which was released in Europe between February 20 2006 and June 26 2006 and Each single was issued weekly over a five-month period in DualDisc format (DVD video on one side, CD audio on the other), and the whole group of discs was made available as a boxed set afterwards. DualDisc is a type of double-sided Optical disc product developed by a group of record companies including EMI Music, Universal Music Group, Sony/BMG DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is [110] The boxed set was released in the United States on November 14, 2006. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [111]
Jackson's first documented public appearance since his trial was in November 2006 when he visited the London office of the Guinness World Records. There, he received eight awards, among them "First Entertainer to Earn More Than 100 Million Dollars in a Year" and "First Entertainer to Sell More Than 100 Million Albums Outside the United States". [112] Jackson was awarded the Diamond Award on November 15, 2006 for selling over 100 million albums at the World Music Awards. The Chopard Diamond award (or simply the Diamond award) is given by the World Music Awards to artists who have sold over 100 million albums during their career Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The World Music Awards (founded in 1989 is an international awards show that annually honors Recording artists based on their worldwide sales figures which are provided by the [3]
Following the death of James Brown, Jackson returned to the United States to pay his respects. James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The He, along with more than 8,000 people, paid tribute during Brown's public funeral on December 30, 2006. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [113][114] In late 2006 Jackson agreed to share joint custody of his first two children with his second ex-wife. [115]
2008–present: 25th anniversary of Thriller
On February 11, 2008, Jackson issued Thriller 25, a 25th anniversary edition of Thriller. Thriller 25 is a 25th Anniversary special edition reissue of the Michael Jackson album Thriller, the world's best selling album Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The album consists of two discs; disc one contains the original nine tracks from Thriller, five remixed Thriller tracks, a song originally recorded in the Thriller era called "For All Time", and included renditions by will.i.am, Fergie, Kanye West, and Akon. William James Adams Jr (born March 15, 1975 in Los Angeles California, USA) better known by his Stage name will Stacy Ann Ferguson (born March 27 1975 better known by her Stage name Fergie, is an American pop / R&B Singer-songwriter Kanye Omari West (ˈkɑnjɛj born June 8 1977 is a ten-time Grammy Award -winning American Rapper, Record producer and Singer. Aliaune Thiam [116] Disc two is a DVD which contains the three music videos from "Thriller" and Jackson's performance of "Billie Jean" at Motown 25. Two singles "The Girl Is Mine 2008" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008" were released to moderate success. " The Girl Is Mine " is a 1982 hit Duet by Michael Jackson and Paul McCartney. " Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' " is a 1983 single released from Michael Jackson 's multi-platinum selling 1982 album Thriller
Thriller 25 was a commercial success, having done particularly well as a re-issue, peaking at number one in eight countries and Europe. It reached number two in the United States, number three in the United Kingdom, and Top 10 on over thirty national charts. In the United States, Thriller 25 was just 14,000 copies short of reaching the number one position selling 166,000 copies. It was ineligible for the Billboard 200 chart as a re-release, but entered the Pop Catalog Charts at number one, where it stayed for ten non-consecutive weeks and had the best sales on that chart since December 1996. The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard Top Pop Catalog Albums is a weekly albums chart produced by Billboard magazine which ranks the best selling catalog titles regardless of genre [117][118][119][120] In 12 weeks the album had sold 556,000 copies in the United States. [117] It sold 3 million copies worldwide after 12 weeks. [121]
Physical appearance and health concerns
Jackson's skin was a medium-brown color for the entire duration of his youth, but starting in the early 1980s, his skin gradually grew paler. This change gained widespread media coverage, including rumors that Jackson was bleaching his skin. However, in the early 1980s Jackson was diagnosed with vitiligo and lupus, the latter of which is potentially lethal but is in remission in Jackson's case. Vitiligo (ˈvɪtəˈlaɪgoʊ or leukoderma is a chronic skin disease that causes loss of pigment, resulting in irregular pale patches of Skin Systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE or lupus,) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can be fatal though with recent medical advances fatalities are becoming Remission is the state of absence of Disease activity in patients with known Chronic illness. Both conditions make Jackson sensitive to overexposure to sunlight, which can cause his lupus condition to reawaken. [122] Jackson first spoke publicly about vitiligo in a 1993 interview with Oprah Winfrey. Oprah Gail Winfrey (born January 29 1954 often referred to simply as Oprah, is an American To treat both these conditions Jackson uses Solaquin, Retin A and Benoquin. Tretinoin is the acid form of Vitamin A and so also known as all-trans retinoic acid or ATRA. He must also have hydroxychloroquin injected directly into his scalp regularly. Ironically, the treatments he uses for his condition further lightens his skin tone, and with the application of pancake makeup to even out his skin tone, he can appear very pale. [122]
The structure of his face has changed as well, and several surgeons have speculated that Jackson has undergone multiple nasal surgeries, a forehead lift, thinned lips, and cheekbone surgery. [123] In 1979, Jackson had his first rhinoplasty after breaking his nose during a complex dance routine. Rhinoplasty ( Rhinos, "Nose" + el ''Plassein'' "to shape" is a surgical procedure which is usually performed by either an Otolaryngologist However the surgery was not a complete success and Jackson complained of breathing difficulties that would affect his career. He was referred to Dr. Steven Hoefflin, who would perform his second rhinoplasty, as well as more throughout his career. [124] Jackson had his third rhinoplasty in 1984, another in 1986, and had a cleft put in his chin. [124] By 1990, the full extent of Jackson's surgery was unknown; those close to the singer estimated he underwent ten operations on his face, up to this point. [125] Jackson wrote in his 1988 autobiography Moon Walk that he only had two rhinoplastic surgeries and the surgical creation of a cleft in his chin. In the book, he attributed the change in the structure of his face to puberty and a strict vegetarian diet. Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes Meat (including game and slaughter by-products Fish (including Shellfish and other sea [126]
Changes to his face are, in part, due to periods of significant weight loss. [127] Jackson became slimmer in the early 1980s because of a change in diet and a desire for "a dancers body". [128] By 1984, Jackson had dropped 20 pounds bringing his weight to 105 pounds, the slimmest he had ever been as an adult. [129] Witnesses reported that Jackson was often dizzy and speculated that he was suffering from anorexia nervosa. Anorexia Nervosa is a psychiatric Diagnosis that describes an Eating disorder characterized by low Body weight and Body image distortion [130] Following accusations of child molestation in 1993, Jackson began to stop eating, losing even more weight. [131] In late 1995, Jackson was rushed to a hospital after collapsing during rehearsals for a televised performance, the incident was caused by a stress related panic attack. Panic attacks are sudden discrete periods of intense anxiety mounting Physiological arousal fear stomach problems and discomfort that are associated with a variety of [132] During his 2005 trial, the singer again suffered from stress related illnesses and severe weight loss. [133]
By the fall of 1993, Jackson was addicted to drugs. He began taking painkillers, Valium, Xanax and Ativan to deal with the stress of the allegations made against him. Diazepam (daɪˈæzɨpæm first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche, is a Benzodiazepine derivative Drug. Alprazolam, also known under the trade names Xanax and Niravam, is a short-acting drug of the Benzodiazepine class used to treat moderate Lorazepam (also known by its brand name Ativan or Temesta) is a Benzodiazepine drug with short to medium duration of action [134] Jackson's health had deteriorated to the extent that he cancelled the remainder of his tour and went into rehabilitation for a few months. [135] In January 2004 following his upcoming trial, Jackson was dependent on morphine and Demerol, which he overcame. Medical uses Morphine can be used as an analgesic in hospital settings to relieve pain in Myocardial infarction pain in Pethidine ( INN) or meperidine ( USAN) (commonly referred to as Demerol but also referred to as isonipecaine lidol pethanol piridosal Algil Alodan [136]
Finances
- See also: Neverland Ranch and Northern Songs
A number of shrewd business moves early in his career helped Jackson accrue a sizeable fortune. Value In early 2004 news program Entertainment Tonight estimated Neverland Ranch to be valued at approximately $120 million Northern Songs Ltd is a company founded in 1963 by music publisher Dick James, Brian Epstein, and The Beatles to publish songs In 1984, he offered to pay for the Thriller music video using his own money, as his label felt the album had already been a success and that a third video was therefore unnecessary. He was persuaded not to use his own earnings, instead he made a documentary of the videos production, called "The Making of Thriller". He and John Landis convinced MTV to pay for the production of the documentary and thus the music video that went along with it. The video was successful and Jackson garnered a sizeable profit. [137][138] In 1984, he purchased The Beatles' back catalog (outbidding Paul McCartney and Yoko Ono) as well as the copyrights to thousands of other songs for $47. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE (born 18 June 1942 is an English rock Singer, Bass guitarist songwriter Composer, born in Tokyo on February 18 1933 is a Japanese Artist and Musician. Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for 5 million. [139] Jackson merged the catalog with Sony's publishing division in 1995, but retained half-ownership. [140]
In 1988, he purchased property near Santa Ynez, California to build Neverland Ranch at a cost of $17 million. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Value In early 2004 news program Entertainment Tonight estimated Neverland Ranch to be valued at approximately $120 million The property was valued at approximately $100 million in 2003. In 1989, his annual earnings from album sales, endorsements, and concerts was estimated at $125 million for that year alone. [141][142] In the early 1990s, Jackson signed a renewed $65 million recording contract and sold the broadcast rights to his Dangerous world tour to HBO for $20 million, both of which were record-breaking deals at the time. [141][143] Forbes placed his annual income at $35 million in 1996 and $20 million in 1997, despite his commercial peak ending several years prior. [141] His total lifetime earnings from royalties on his solo recordings and music videos, revenue from concerts, and endorsements have been estimated at $500 million,[141] while some analysts have speculated that his music catalog holdings could potentially be worth billions of dollars. Royalties (sometimes running royalties) are usage-based payments made by one party (the "licensee" to another (the "licensor" for ongoing use of an [144]
In recent years, however, it has been reported that Jackson has experienced financial difficulties. In 1993, he settled a child-molestation lawsuit for an undisclosed sum, estimated to be between $15 million and $25 million. The negative publicity surrounding the settlement impacted his future earnings as well. [141] Jackson has been observed in public spending large amounts of money in an apparently frivolous manner, such as in 2003 when he spent $6 million in a single store, or from money given to charity. [141]
Reports of financial problems for Jackson became more frequent in 2006 after the closure of the main house on the Neverland Ranch as a cost-cutting measure. [145] One prominent financial issue for him concerned a $270 million loan secured against his music publishing holdings. After delayed repayments on the loan, a refinancing package in 2005 shifted the loans from Bank of America to debt specialists Fortress Investments. Banc of America Securities Bank of America () is the largest bank by asset and second largest commercial Bank by deposits and Market capitalization in United Fortress Investment Group ( is a New York NY-based asset management firm which manages Private equity, Hedge funds and Real estate and railroad A new package proposed by Sony in April 2006 would have had Jackson borrow an additional $300 million and reduce the interest rate payable on the loan, while giving Sony the future option to buy half of Jackson's stake in their jointly-owned publishing company (leaving Jackson with a 25% stake). [140] Jackson agreed to a Sony-backed refinancing deal, although details were not made public. [146] In 2008, Fortress considered a foreclosure sale of Neverland Ranch to service the loan, but ultimately sold the debt to Colony Capital LLC in May of that year. Colony Capital LLC is a private international investment firm based in Los Angeles, California. [54]
Legacy and influence
Jackson's successful career has made him a part of pop culture for almost four decades. This is a list of Michael Jackson' s music videos and a description of how they were made and their impact Thriller is the sixth Studio album by American pop musician Michael Jackson. This article lists the sales and chart records and achievements of Michael Jackson, an American Pop icon known as the "King of Pop Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — [4] Inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1984, Jackson has had a notable impact on music and culture throughout the world, breaking down racial barriers and paving the way for modern pop music in his own country. The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a Sidewalk along Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood Los Angeles California, USA, that He transformed the music video into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances. A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics [4] The popularity of his videos aired on MTV, such as "Beat It" and "Billie Jean", helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map",[147] while videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream" made Jackson a staple on MTV into the 1990s. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. " Beat It " is a hit single from Michael Jackson 's album Thriller, released in 1983 (see 1983 in music) " Billie Jean " is a 1983 hit single from Michael Jackson 's Thriller album " Black or White " was the first single taken from Michael Jackson 's album Dangerous, released in October 1991 " Scream "/" Childhood " is a 1995 hit single by Michael Jackson.
Throughout his four-decade career, he received numerous honors and awards, including the World Music Award's Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium, the American Music Award's Artist of the Century Award,[27] and the Bambi's Pop Artist of the Millennium Award. The World Music Awards (founded in 1989 is an international awards show that annually honors Recording artists based on their worldwide sales figures which are provided by the The American Music Awards show is one of several annual major American music awards shows (among the others are the Billboard Music Awards the Grammy Awards The Bambi is an annual television and media prize awarded by the German media company Hubert Burda Media. [148] He is a double-inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (once as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1997 and later as a solo artist in 2001)[51] and an inductee of the Songwriters Hall of Fame. This is a list of inductees of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Dates of induction to the "Songwriters Hall of Fame" are given alongside the names A Adams Lee (1989 Adamson Harold [149] His awards include eight Guinness World Records,[80] thirteen Grammy Awards,[150] thirteen number one singles in his solo career—more than any other artist in the Hot 100 era[3]—and the sale of over 750 million units worldwide. Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences [151] He is characterized as "an unstoppable juggernaut, possessed of all the tools to dominate the charts seemingly at will: an instantly identifiable voice, eye-popping dance moves, stunning musical versatility, and loads of sheer star power". [4] In the mid-1980s, Time Magazine described Jackson as "the hottest single phenomenon since Elvis Presley". [41] He has also been described as an "extremely important figure in the history of popular culture" and a "genius". [152] In 1990, Vanity Fair named him the "Most popular artist in the history of show business". Vanity Fair is an American magazine of Culture, Fashion, and Politics published by Condé Nast Publications. [153] Jackson's work, distinctive musical sound and vocal style that have influenced numerous hip hop, pop, and R&B artists. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure Contemporary R&B (also known as R&B, urban) is a Music genre of western Popular music (predominantly American and Canadian Such artists include Mariah Carey,[7] Usher,[154] Britney Spears,[7] Justin Timberlake,[155]Ciara,[156] Ne-Yo,[157] and Chris Brown. Usher Raymond IV (born October 14 1978 known simply by his first name Usher, is an American R&B and pop Singer - Songwriter Britney Jean Spears (born December 2 1981 is an American recording artist and entertainer Justin Randall Timberlake (born January 31 1981 He has English ancestry although he has also claimed some American Indian ancestry probably through unconfirmed Ciara Princess Harris (born October 25 1985 professionally known as Ciara, is a Grammy Award -winning American singer songwriter Record producer Shaffer Chimere Smith (born October 18 1979 better known by his stage name Ne-Yo, is an American pop and R&B Singer-songwriter [156]
Style and performance
- See also: Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever
Among the most celebrated aspects of Jackson's career have been his dance, which has given rise to impersonators all over the world. Motown 25 Yesterday Today Forever was a 1983 Television special produced by Suzanne de Passe for Motown He popularized physically complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk. The robot (or mannequin) is an illusionary Dance style - often confused with popping - that attempts to imitate a dancing Robot or The moonwalk or backslide is a Dance technique that presents the illusion that the dancer is stepping forward whilst actually moving backward On March 25, 1983, Jackson debuted "Billie Jean" before a live audience during taping of the tribute special Motown 25. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Dressed in a glittery black jacket, sparkling silver shirt, tight black pants cuffed high to showcase, white spangled socks, black penny loafers, and a single sequined glove, Jackson signalled the start of his routine by grabbing his crotch and snapping a black fedora to his head. A fedora is a soft Felt Hat that is creased lengthwise down the crown and Pinched in the front on both sides Halfway through the performance Jackson threw his fedora into the crowd. It was during this performance that Jackson debuted a set of dance moves, including the "Moonwalk", a name dubbed by the media, not Jackson. The "moonwalk" followed by a tornado spin, and balancing up on his toes; it has since gone on to become Jackson's trademark dance piece. The performance sealed his position as a dance legend up against the likes of Fred Astaire, and it is also said to match the effect on popular culture that Elvis Presley and The Beatles had when they appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show. Fred Astaire (born Frederick Austerlitz; May 10, 1899 &ndash June 22, 1987) was an American Academy Award The Ed Sullivan Show was an American television Variety show that ran from June 20, 1948 to June 6, Despite Jackson lip-syncing his song, the audience rose to their feet giving an ovation, and the performance is often cited as one of the greatest live performances of all time. Upon its broadcast on May 16, over 47 million viewers witnessed Jackson's performance. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. The New York Times said, "The moonwalk that he made famous is an apt metaphor for his dance style. How does he do it? As a technician, he is a great illusionist, a genuine mime. His ability to keep one leg straight as he glides while the other bends and seems to walk requires perfect timing". [158]
In the late 1980s, Jackson experimented with an innovative 'leaning' move in his music video performances, for which he was granted U. S. Patent 5,255,452. [159] Jackson's later dancing, however, particularly during between 1987 and 1997, has been criticized as overly sexual or even violent,[160] such as the ending of the video for "Black or White", which portrays Jackson demolishing a car while performing a number of highly-sexualized dance moves. He has been known to grab or touch his chest, torso, and crotch, both in live performances as well as in music videos such as "Bad" and "In The Closet". While he has described this as "choreography," it has garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics, with Time magazine describing it as "infamous". [161]
Themes and genres
-
Michael Jackson - "Thriller" excerpt from the 1982 album. - Problems playing the files? See media help.
Throughout his solo career, Jackson's versitility has allowed him to experiment with a number of themes and genres. [4] As a musician, he has ranged from Motown’s dance fare and ballads to techno-edged New jack swing to work that incorporates both funk rhythms and hard-rock guitar. "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. Techno is a form of Electronic dance music (EDM that emerged in Detroit, Michigan, USA during the mid to late 1980s New jack swing, or "swingbeat" is a hybrid style popular from the late-1980s into the mid-1990s which fuses the Rhythms samples and production Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. [7] Off the Wall, was crafted from funk, disco-pop, soul, soft rock, jazz and pop ballads. Soul music is a Music genre that combines Rhythm and blues and Gospel music, originating in the United States. Soft rock, also referred to as light rock or easy rock, is a style of Music which uses the techniques of Rock and roll to compose a softer Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure [4][162][163] Prominant examples include the ballad, "She's Out of My Life" and the two disco tunes "Working Day and Night" and "Get on the Floor". " She's out of My Life " is a song that became famous as the fourth single to be released by Singer Michael Jackson from his successful [162]
Thriller refined the strengths of Off the Wall; the dance and rock tracks were more aggressive, while the pop tunes and ballads were softer and more soulful. [4] Notable tracks include the ballads "The Lady in My Life", "Human Nature" and "The Girl is Mine", the funk pieces "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" and the disco set "Baby Me Mine and "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)". " The Girl Is Mine " is a 1982 hit Duet by Michael Jackson and Paul McCartney. " Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' " is a 1983 single released from Michael Jackson 's multi-platinum selling 1982 album Thriller " PYT (Pretty Young Thing " is a Grammy Award -nominated 1983 hit single from Michael Jackson 's 1982 hit album [164][165][166][4] With Thriller, Jackson would being his long association with the subliminal theme of paranoia and darker imagery. Paranoia is a disturbed thought process characterized by excessive Anxiety or Fear, often to the point of Irrationality and Delusion. [166] This is evident on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'". [165] In "Billie Jean", Jackson sings about an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered a child of hers. [4] While in "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossips and the media. [166] The anti-gang-violence "Beat It" became an homage to West Side Story and was Jackson's first successful rock cross over piece. " Beat It " is a hit single from Michael Jackson 's album Thriller, released in 1983 (see 1983 in music) West Side Story is a musical by Arthur Laurents (book Leonard Bernstein (music and Stephen Sondheim (lyrics [4][7] The title track "Thriller" would begin Jacksons interest with the theme of the supernatural, a topic he would revisit in the future. The term supernatural or supranatural ( Latin: super, supra "above" + natura "nature" pertains to entities events [4] In 1985, Jackson wrote the charity anthem "We Are the World", he continued this in future studio albums as humanitarian themes became a central component of his life and music. " We Are the World " is a 1985 song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, produced and conducted by Quincy Jones and recorded [4]
In Bad, Jackson's concept of the predatory lover can be seen on the rock song "Dirty Diana". " Dirty Diana " is a hit song by Singer Michael Jackson. [167] The lead single, "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" was a traditional love ballad while "Man in the Mirror", an anthemic ballad of confession and resolution improved on his earlier "We Are the World". " I Just Can't Stop Loving You " is a popular ballad by singers Michael Jackson and Siedah Garrett. " Man in the Mirror " was a number-one hit for singer Michael Jackson when released as a single in the spring of 1988 [43] "Smooth Criminal" was an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder. " Smooth Criminal " is the seventh single from Michael Jackson 's Bad album (1987 [43] Dangerous presents Jackson as a starck paradoxal individual. [168] The album is more diverse than his previous Bad, it appeals to an urban audience while also attracting the middle class with anthems like "Heal The World". " Heal the World " is a Song featured on Michael Jackson 's hit Album, Dangerous, released in 1991 [168]The first half of the record is dedicated to New Jack Swing which includes songs like "Jam" and "Remember the Time". " Jam " is a song by Michael Jackson from his 1991 album Dangerous. " Remember the Time " is a popular recording for American Pop and R&B singer Michael Jackson in March of 1992 [169]The album is Jacksons first where social ills become a primary theme, "Why You Wanna Trip on Me" protests against world hunger, AIDS, homelessness and drugs. [169] Dangerous contains sexually charged efforts like "In the Closet", a love song about desire and denial, risk and repression, solitude and connection, privacy and revelation. " In the Closet " is a song by American rock, R&B and pop singer Michael Jackson from his 1991 album [169] The title track continues the theme of the predatory lover and cumpulsive desire. [169] The second half is introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "Will You Be There", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith" show Jackson finally opening up about various personal struggles and worries. " Will You Be There " is a song by Michael Jackson which was released as a single in 1993. [169] In the ballad "Gone Too Soon" Jackson paies tribute to his friend Ryan White and the plight of those with AIDS. " Gone Too Soon " is a song by Michael Jackson. It is the ninth single taken from the album Dangerous. [66] The album also contained one of his first power ballads "Give in to Me". " Give In to Me " is the tenth track on Michael Jackson 's 1991 studio album Dangerous. [169]
HIStory creates an atmosphere of paranoia. [170] Its content focuses on the hardship and public struggles he went through just prior to its production. In the New jack swing-funk-rock efforts "Scream/Childhood" and "Tabloid Junkie" along with the R&B ballad "You Are Not Alone" Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels and directs much of his anger at the media. " Scream "/" Childhood " is a 1995 hit single by Michael Jackson. " You Are Not Alone " is a hit single by Singer-songwriter Michael Jackson, released in August 1995 [171] In the introspective ballad "Stranger in Moscow", Jackson laments over his "fall from grace", while songs like "Earth Song", "Childhood", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are all operatic pop pieces. " Stranger in Moscow " is a single by Singer-songwriter Michael Jackson released in November 1996 (November 1996 was the general worldwide " Earth Song " is a song by Michael Jackson featured on Jackson's 1995 HIStory album [171][170] Invincible, found him working heavily with production Rodney Jerkins. [4] It is a record made up of urban soul like "Cry" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless ", "Break of Dawn" and "Butterflies"[96][97] and Mix's Hiphop, pop and rap in "2000 watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible". " Cry " is a song from Michael Jackson 's 2001 album Invincible, written by R&B Songwriter R " Butterflies " is a song by Michael Jackson, written by Neo-soul duo Floetry member Marsha Ambrosius when she was in High school Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with [97]
Discography
- Motown releases
- 1972: Got to Be There
- 1972: Ben
- 1973: Music & Me
- 1975: Forever, Michael
- Epic releases
- 1979: Off the Wall
- 1982: Thriller
- 1987: Bad
- 1991: Dangerous
- 1995: HIStory
- 1997: Blood on the Dance Floor
- 2001: Invincible
- 2008: TBA
Filmography
See also
- List of best-selling albums worldwide
- List of best-selling remix albums worldwide
- List of best-selling music artists
- List of most expensive music videos
- List of number-one hits (United States)
- List of Michael Jackson's awards
- Michael Jackson album discography
- Michael Jackson singles discography
- Michael Jackson filmography
Notes
- ^ "The King of Our Times", The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka), 2007-01-07. This article includes the album discography of Michael Jackson. This page lists the singles discography of Michael Jackson. For Jackson's albums discography see Michael Jackson album discography. "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. Got to Be There was the solo debut album by then- Adolescent Michael Jackson, released on Motown Records, released on January 24 1972 Ben was the second full-length solo album by American singer Michael Jackson. Music and Me was the third solo album by American singer Michael Jackson, released in 1973 on the Motown label Forever Michael is an album by American singer Michael Jackson, released by the Motown label in 1975 Epic Records is an American Record label. It is owned and operated by Sony Music Entertainment. Thriller is the sixth Studio album by American pop musician Michael Jackson. Bad is the seventh Studio album by pop singer Michael Jackson, released on August 31 1987 by Epic/CBS Records. Dangerous was the first album Michael Jackson released in the 1990s (and his eighth on November 22 1991 History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Invincible is a Studio album recorded by Michael Jackson released on October 30 2001 This is a list of Michael Jackson' s music videos and a description of how they were made and their impact This is a list of the world's best-selling albums. The criteria are that the figure must have been published by a reliable source and the album must have sold at least 20 million copies This page lists the best-selling remix albums worldwide. See also When adding to this page please ensure that your claims are sourced This page lists the most expensive Music videos ever made Singer Michael Jackson has the most videos on this list with five Pre-Hot 100 era 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 This article includes the album discography of Michael Jackson. This page lists the singles discography of Michael Jackson. For Jackson's albums discography see Michael Jackson album discography. This is a list of Michael Jackson' s music videos and a description of how they were made and their impact The Sunday Times is a popular Sri Lankan Sunday paper Sunday Times was initially published by now defunct Times Group until the early 1980s Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Retrieved on 2008-04-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 453–454
- ^ a b c d e f g h The return of the King of Pop. msnbc (2006-11-02). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Retrieved on 2008-06-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Huey, Steve. Michael Jackson - Biography. All Music Guide. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ a b Jackson Family Tree. MSNBC. Retrieved on 2008-05-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
- ^ Jackson's life in the spotlight. BBC News (2001-03-05). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Retrieved on 2007-06-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Michael Jackson: Biography. The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004). Retrieved on 2008-02-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German
- ^ a b c The Jackson Five. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a Museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland Ohio, United States Retrieved on 2007-05-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the
- ^ a b c d e History: 1970s. Sony BMG Music Entertainment. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 17
- ^ The Jacksons Story: Overview. All Music Guide. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 141
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 138
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 139–142
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 163–169
- ^ 68) Off the wall. Rolling Stone (2003-11-01). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 610
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 188
- ^ The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2007-05-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the
- ^ a b c Definitive 200. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Retrieved on 2008-04-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian
- ^ a b Grammy Hall of Fame Inductees. The Recording Academy (2007-12-19). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ Grammy Award Winners. The Recording Academy. Retrieved on 2008-02-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German
- ^ Gold and Platinum. RIAA. Retrieved on 2008-04-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian
- ^ a b Sony announce Thriller 25. Reuters (2007-11-30). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Retrieved on 2008-04-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
- ^ a b c d e f Day, Elizabeth (2008-03-16). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king The Whole World in His Hands. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved on 2008-04-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date)
- ^ Top 40 Singles. Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
- ^ a b c d e f g Jackson, Michael. Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection booklet. Michael Jackson The Ultimate Collection is a limited-edition box set of Michael Jackson 's music consisting of four audio CDs and one DVD
- ^ Michael Jackson Opens Up. CBS (2007-11-06). CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
- ^ Winterman, Denise. Thrills and spills and record breaks. BBC. Retrieved on 2008-04-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus
- ^ a b c History: 1980s. Sony BMG Music Entertainment. Retrieved on 2007-08-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica.
- ^ "Why Are Michael Jackson's Fans So Devoted?". ABC News (February 23, 2005). Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-02-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 238–241
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 279–286
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 287
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 304–307
- ^ Harrington, Richard. "Prince & Michael Jackson: Two Paths to the Top of Pop", Washington Post, 1988-10-09. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Retrieved on 2007-05-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily.
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 315–319
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 320
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 340–344
- ^ Pareles, Jon (1984-01-14). Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Michael Jackson at 25: A Musical Phenomenon. The New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-05-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the
- ^ a b Cocks, Jay. "Why He's a Thriller", Time Magazine, 1984-03-19. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Retrieved on 2007-03-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 373
- ^ a b c d Cocks, Jay (1987-09-14). Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. The Badder They Come. TIME Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-03-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 370
- ^ Leopold, Todd (2005-06-06). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Michael Jackson: A life in the spotlight. CNN. Retrieved on 2008-05-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
- ^ Record-Breakers and Trivia - Albums. Everyhit. com. Retrieved on 2008-05-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
- ^ a b c d e Gold and Platinum. RIAA. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Michael Jackson Dangerous on Film VHS/DVD
- ^ Harrington, Richard. "Jackson to Make First Solo U.S. Tour", Washington Post, 1988-01-12. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Retrieved on 2007-05-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
- ^ Bad fortune. Guardian Unlimited (June 15, 2005). guardiancouk, formerly known as Guardian Unlimited, is a British website owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ a b Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductee List. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Retrieved on 2008-04-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to
- ^ HIStory: Past, Present And Future - Book I, Booklet
- ^ Johnson, Peter (2005-06-13). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Media go into MJ Overdrive. USA Today. Retrieved on 2007-08-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus
- ^ a b Keehner, Jonathan; Zachary R. Mider (2008-05-11). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Michael Jackson's Neverland Loan Sold by Fortress to Colony. Bloomberg. Retrieved on 2008-05-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Remarks on the Upcoming Summit With President Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union. The American Presidency Project. Retrieved on 2007-04-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian
- ^ Blacks who give back. Ebony, CNET Networks, Inc. (March 1990). Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 382
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 610
- ^ Warner, p. 329
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 459
- ^ Jackson, Michael. HIStory booklet.
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 453–454
- ^ a b c d Johnson, Robert (May 1992). Michael Jackson: crowned in Africa. Ebony Magazine, CNET Networks, Inc. . Retrieved on 2007-05-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and
- ^ a b c d e History: 1990s. Sony BMG Music Entertainment. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ A Timeline of Key Events in Ryan’s Life. Ryanwhite. com. Retrieved on August 26, 2007. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ a b Harrington, Richard. "Jackson's `Dangerous' Departures; Stylistic Shifts Mar His First Album in 4 Years", The Washington Post, November 24, 1991. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.
- ^ 1993: Michael Jackson accused of child abuse. BBC (February 8, 2003). Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 506-507
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 518-519
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 510
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 518-519
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 519-520
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 520
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 562–564
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 580
- ^ Strauss, Neil. "New Faces in Grammy Nominations", The New York Times, 1996-01-05. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Retrieved on 2008-04-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer
- ^ Top 100 Albums (Page 2). RIAA (2008-04-16). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ a b Michael Jackson, The essential collection, booklet
- ^ Guinness, 2005
- ^ a b Jackson receives his World Records. Yahoo! News (November 14, 2006). Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published
- ^ Michael Jackson, The Ultimate Collection, Booklet
- ^ Michael Jackson HIStory on Film volume II VHS/DVD
- ^ Brits behaving badly. BBC (2000-03-04). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 581
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 597
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 570
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 586
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 611
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 610-611
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 610-611
- ^ MTV effort may not be longest music video. United Press International (July 24, 2006). Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
- ^ Ricky Martin, Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Others To Join Pavarotti For Benefit. VH1 (1999-05-05). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Retrieved on 2008-05-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
- ^ Slash, Scorpions, Others Scheduled For "Michael Jackson & Friends". VH1 (1999-05-27). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Retrieved on 2008-05-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
- ^ a b History: 2000s. Sony BMG Music Entertainment. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ a b Taraborrelli, p. 614
- ^ a b Michael Jackson. All Music Guide. Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
- ^ a b c Michael Jackson. NME. Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 614–615
- ^ Jackson, Jermaine. Jermaine LaJaune Jackson or Muhammad Abdul Aziz (born December 11, 1954) is an American Grammy Award -nominated Singer Interview with Connie Chung. Constance Yu-Hwa "Connie" Chung Povich ( born August 20, 1946) is an American journalist who has been an anchor and reporter Interview with Jermaine Jackson. Connie Chung Tonight. Connie Chung Tonight was a television Newsmagazine with Connie Chung that aired from 2002 to 2003 on CNN/US. December 31, 2002. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Jackson Interview with Ed Bradley on 60 minutes. CBS Corp. (2003-12-28). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Retrieved on 2008-01-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 600
- ^ Jackson to avoid baby stunt probe. CNN (2002-11-20). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Retrieved on 2008-06-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 631
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 640
- ^ Elizabeth Taylor defends Michael on Larry King Live. Cable News Network. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Who Is Tom Sneddon?. CBS Corp. . Retrieved on 2007-05-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the
- ^ Why Is The DA In The Michael Jackson Case Smiling?. MTV Networks. Retrieved on 2007-11-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat
- ^ Jackson settles down to his new life in the Persian Gulf. Gulf News (January 23, 2006). Gulf News is a daily English language Newspaper published from Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates with a 2006 circulation of over 90000 readers Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ New Michael Jackson Album Due Next Year (2006-04-19). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Retrieved on 2008-05-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
- ^ M J Visionary. Sony BMG Entertainment. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Michael Jackson Visionary ...The Video Singles. Sony Music Store. Retrieved on 2006-11-14. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca
- ^ Jackson receives his World Records. Yahoo! News (November 14, 2006). Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published
- ^ James Brown Saluted By Michael Jackson at Public Funeral Service. MTV News (December 30, 2006). Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
- ^ Serpe, Gina. Michael Jackson back in U.S.A.. E! Entertainment Television, Inc. . Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
- ^ Jackson child custody battle ends. BBC (2006-09-30). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ Cohen, Jonathan (2007-11-30). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Kanye, Akon help Jackson revisit Thriller. Billboard. See Billboard (Turkish magazine Billboard is a weekly American Magazine devoted to the Music industry Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ a b Grein, Paul (2008-05-18). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Diva Smackdown. Yahoo. Retrieved on 2008-05-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
- ^ Caulfield, Keith. "Big Grammy Gains For Many; King of Pop Returns", Billboard, 2008-02-20. See Billboard (Turkish magazine Billboard is a weekly American Magazine devoted to the Music industry 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Retrieved on 2008-02-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment
- ^ Hasty, Katy. "Johnson Remains No. 1; Winehouse, Hancock Soar", Billboard, 2008-02-20. See Billboard (Turkish magazine Billboard is a weekly American Magazine devoted to the Music industry 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Retrieved on 2008-02-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment
- ^ US fans shun CD. BBC (2005-07-30). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Retrieved on 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor
- ^ Friedman, Roger (2008-05-16). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Jacko: Neverland East in Upstate New York. Fox News. Retrieved on 2008-05-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
- ^ a b Taraborrelli, p. 435–436
- ^ Surgeon: Michael Jackson A 'Nasal Cripple'. ABC News (February 8, 2003). This article is about the American news organization See also ABC News (disambiguation ABC News is a division of American Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ a b Taraborrelli, p. 205–206
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 434
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 207
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 143–144
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 207
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 312
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 312–313
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 514
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 576-577
- ^ Davis, Matthew (2005-06-06). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Michael Jackson health concerns. BBC. Retrieved on 2008-04-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 518
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 525
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 661
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 271
- ^ Michael Jackson's Monster Smash. Telegraph (2007-11-25). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Retrieved on 2008-04-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
- ^ Bad Fortunes. guardian (2005-06-15). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Retrieved on 2008-04-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at
- ^ a b Michael Jackson Bailout Said to Be Close. The New York Times (2006-04-16). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Retrieved on 2008-05-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the
- ^ a b c d e f Gundersen, Edna (2007-02-19). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum For Jackson, scandal could spell financial ruin. USA Today. Retrieved on 2003-11-23. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of
- ^ Jackson receives his World Records. Yahoo! News (November 14, 2006). Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published
- ^ Taraborrelli, p. 452
- ^ "Witness: Jacko Lived Way Above Means", Fox Networks, 2005-05-03. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Retrieved on 2007-05-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
- ^ Jackson Closes Neverland House. CBS Corp. (March 17, 2006). Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Jackson strikes deal over loans. BBC News (April 14, 2006). Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Why Are Michael Jackson's Fans So Devoted?. abcnews. com. Retrieved on 2007-04-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus
- ^ Michael Jackson and Halle Berry Pick Up Bambi Awards in Berlin. Hello! (November 22, 2002). Hello! is a weekly magazine specialising in celebrity news and gossip published in Britain. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Songwriters Hall of Fame: 2002 Award & Induction Ceremony (Inductee: Michael Jackson). The Songwriters Hall of Fame. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Grammy Winners. The Recording Academy. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare
- ^ Pop Icon Looks Back At A "Thriller" Of A Career In New Interview. CBS News (2007-11-06). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Retrieved on 2008-02-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German
- ^ Of course Jackson's odd - but his genius is what matters. Telegraph Media Group, Ltd. (2003-03-08). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Retrieved on 2007-04-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- ^ Michael Jackson, HIStory album, Booklet
- ^ Usher, Usher, Usher: The new 'King of Pop'?. Cable News Network (2004-11-01). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Retrieved on 2007-03-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
- ^ Man in the Mirror. City Pages, LLC. Retrieved on 2007-03-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
- ^ a b Michael Jackson Thriller. Emmis Interactive. Retrieved on 2007-03-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
- ^ Because of You. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved on 2007-04-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil.
- ^ Kisselgoff, Anna (1988-03-06). Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Dancing feet of Michael Jackson. New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ U. S. Patent 5,255,452; "Method and Means For Creating Anti-Gravity Illusion"; Michael J. Jackson, Michael L. Bush, Dennis Tompkins, issued Oct 26, 1993, Filed June 29, 1992
- ^ Light, Alan (1992-01-09). Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Dangerous review. Rolling Stone. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published Retrieved on 2008-04-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at
- ^ Corliss, Richard (1993-09-06). Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Who's Bad?. TIME. Retrieved on 2008-04-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at
- ^ a b Erlewine, Stephen. Off the Wall Overview. All Music Guide. Retrieved on 2008-06-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
- ^ Holden, Stephen (1979-11-01). Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Off the Wall : Michael Jackson. Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2008-06-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
- ^ Henderson, Eric. Michael Jackson:Thriller. Slant. Retrieved on 2008-06-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
- ^ a b Erlewine, Stephen (2007-02-19). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Thriller Overview. All Music Guide. Retrieved on 2008-06-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
- ^ a b c Connelly, Christoper (1983-01-28). Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Michael Jackson : Thriller. Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2008-06-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
- ^ Pareles, Jon (1987-09-03). Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius How good is Jackson's Bad?. New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-06-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
- ^ a b Erlewine, Stephen. Dangerous Overview. All Music Guide. Retrieved on 2008-06-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
- ^ a b c d e f Pareles, Jon (1991-11-24). Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Michael Jackson in the Electronic Wilderness. New Tork Times. Retrieved on 2008-06-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
- ^ a b Erlewine, Stephen. Michael Jackson HIStory Overview. All Music Guide. Retrieved on 2008-06-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
- ^ a b Hunter, James (1995-08-10). Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Michael Jackson HIStory. Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2008-06-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
References
- Campbell, Lisa (1993). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop (in English). Branden. ISBN 082831957X.
- Abdelnour, Mark (2004). Buying & Selling Music, Instruments, and Music Collectibles on Ebay. Thomson Course Technology. ISBN 159200504.
- Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2004). John Randall Taraborrelli (b February 29, 1956) is an American Journalist and Biographer. The Magic and the Madness. Terra Alta, WV: Headline. ISBN 0-330-42005-4.
- Warner, Jay (2006). On this Day in Black Music History (in English). Milwaukee: Hal Leonard, 329. ISBN 0634066935.
- Guinness World Records (2005). Guinness World Records 2006. Guinness. ISBN 1-904994-02-4.
- Jackson, Michael (1988). Moonwalk. Doubleday. ISBN 0-434-37042-8.
- Lewis, Jel (2005). Michael Jackson, the King of Pop: The Big Picture : the Music! the Man! the Legend! the Interviews!. Amber Books Publishing. ISBN 0-974977-90-X.
Further reading
- Jackson, Michael (1992). Dancing The Dream. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-40368-2.
- Grant, Adrian (1994, 1997, 2002 and 2005). Michael Jackson: The Visual Documentary. Omnibus Press. Omnibus Press is a British Publisher of Books primarily about Music. ISBN 1-84449-432-2.
- Noonan, Damien (1994). Michael Jackson (Audio book), Carlton Books. ISBN 1-85797-587-1.
- Jackson, Michael (2006). My World, The Official Photobook, Vol. 1. Triumph International. ISBN 0-9768891-1-0.
External links
- Sony's Official Michael Jackson website
- Michael Jackson at MySpace
- Michael Jackson at the Internet Movie Database
- Michael Jackson at All Movie Guide
- Michael Jackson at Allmusic
- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame page on Michael Jackson
- Songwriters' Hall of Fame page on Michael Jackson
- Michael Jackson at the Open Directory Project
- Michael Jackson's Family Tree
- Michael Jackson at Discogs
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jackson, Michael Joesph |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Jackson, Michael Joe |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Singer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 29, 1958 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Gary, Indiana, United States |
| DATE OF DEATH | |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
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