Michael Everson in Isfahan. Esfahān or Isfahan (historically also rendered as Ispahan or Hispahan, Old Persian: Aspadana, Middle Persian: Spahān

Michael Everson (born January 9, 1963) is a linguist, script encoder, typesetter, and font designer. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields A character encoding consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given character set (sometimes incorrectly referred to as Code page Typesetting involves the presentation of textual material in graphic form on Paper or some other medium. A type designer is a person who designs Typefaces Some type designers are employed by Type foundries, or operate them His central area of expertise is with writing systems of the world, specifically in the representation of these systems in formats for computer and digital media. A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions.

He has been described as "probably the world's leading expert in the computer encoding of scripts"^[1] for his work to add a wide variety of scripts and characters to the Universal Character Set. A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. For other uses see Character. In Computer and machine-based Telecommunications terminology a character is a unit of The Universal Character Set (UCS defined by the ISO / IEC 10646 International Standard, is a standard set of characters upon which Since 1993, he has written over two hundred proposals^[2] which have added thousands of characters to ISO/IEC 10646 and The Unicode Standard. The Universal Character Set (UCS defined by the ISO / IEC 10646 International Standard, is a standard set of characters upon which In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's

Life

Everson was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania, and moved to Tucson, Arizona at the age of 12. Norristown is a home rule municipality in Montgomery County Pennsylvania, 6 miles (10 km northwest of the city limits of Philadelphia, on the The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Tucson (ˈtuːsɒn is the seat of Pima County Arizona, United States, located 118 miles (188 km) southeast The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. His interest in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien led him to study Old English and then other Germanic languages. The Germanic languages are a group of related languages that constitute a branch of the Indo-European (IE Language family. He read German, Spanish, and French for his B. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people A. at the University of Arizona (1985), and the History of Religions and Indo-European linguistics for his M. The University of Arizona (also referred to as UA, U of A, or Arizona) is a Land-grant and space-grant public institution Indo-European studies is a field of Linguistics dealing with Indo-European languages, both current and extinct A. at the University of California, Los Angeles (1988). The University of California Los Angeles (generally known as UCLA) is a public research university located in Westwood Los Angeles, California, United In 1989, his former professor Marija Gimbutas asked him to read a paper on Basque mythology at an Indo-Europeanist Conference held in Ireland; shortly thereafter he moved to Dublin, where he studied as a Fulbright Scholar in the Faculty of Celtic Studies, University College Dublin (1991). Marija Gimbutas ( Marija Gimbutienė) ( Vilnius, January 23, 1921 – Los Angeles, United States February 2 The Mythology of the ancient Basques largely did not survive the albeit late arrival of Christianity in the Basque Country between the 4th and 12th Indo-European studies is a field of Linguistics dealing with Indo-European languages, both current and extinct Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. The Fulbright Program, including the Fulbright-Hays Program, is a program of grants for international educational exchange for scholars educators graduate Celtic Studies is the academic discipline occupied with the study of any sort of cultural output relating to a Celtic people University College Dublin (UCD (An Coláiste Ollscoile Baile Átha Cliath - formally known as University College Dublin - National University of Ireland Dublin (An He was naturalized as an Irish citizen in 2000. Naturalization is the acquisition of Citizenship or Nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born He currently lives in Lecanvey, west of Westport, County Mayo. Lecanvey (Leac an Anfa is a seaside village in County Mayo, Ireland, between Westport and Louisburgh, about 2km west of Murrisk Westport ( is a Town in County Mayo in Ireland. It is situated on the west coast of Ireland, at the south-east corner of Clew Bay He is a nontheistic Buddhist. Nontheism is a term that covers a range of both religious and nonreligious attitudes characterized by the absence of&mdashor the rejection of&mdash Theism or any belief in a Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices

Work

Everson is active in supporting minority-language communities, especially in the fields of character encoding standardization and internationalization. A character encoding consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given character set (sometimes incorrectly referred to as Code page Standardization (or standardisation) is the process of developing and agreeing upon technical standards. In Computing, Internationalization and localization (also spelled internationalisation and localisation, see spelling differences) are means of adapting In addition to being one of the primary contributing editors of the Unicode Standard, he is also a contributing editor to ISO/IEC 10646, registrar for ISO 15924^[3], and subtag reviewer for BCP 47. The Universal Character Set (UCS defined by the ISO / IEC 10646 International Standard, is a standard set of characters upon which ISO 15924, Codes for the representation of names of scripts, defines two sets of codes for a number of Writing systems (scripts IETF language tags are defined by BCP 47, which is currently RFC 4646 and RFC 4647 He has contributed to the encoding of many scripts and characters in those standards, receiving the Unicode "Bulldog" Award in 2000^[4] for his technical contributions to the development and promotion of the Unicode Standard. For other uses see Character. In Computer and machine-based Telecommunications terminology a character is a unit of In 2004, Everson was appointed convenor of ISO TC46/WG3 (Conversion of Written Languages), which is responsible for transliteration standards. Transliteration is the practice of Transcribing a Word or text written in one Writing system into another writing system or system of rules for such practice

Everson has been actively involved in the encoding of many scripts in the Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 standards, including Avestan, Balinese, Bamum, Braille, Buginese, Buhid, Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics, Carian, Cherokee, Coptic, Cuneiform, Cypriot, Deseret, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Ethiopic, Georgian, Glagolitic, Gothic, Hanunóo, Kayah Li, Khmer, Lepcha, Limbu, Linear B, Lycian, Lydian, Meitei Mayek, Mongolian, Myanmar, New Tai Lue, N'Ko, Ogham, Ol Chiki, Old Italic, Old Persian, Osmanya, Phaistos Disc, Phoenician, Rejang, Runic, Saurashtra, Shavian, Sinhala, Sundanese, Tagalog, Tagbanwa, Tai Le, Thaana, Tibetan, Ugaritic, Vai, and Yi, as well as many characters belonging to the Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, and Arabic scripts. The Avestan alphabet is a writing system developed during the Sassanid era (226-651 in Iran to render the Avestan language. The Balinese script is an Abugida that was used to write the Balinese language, an Austronesian language spoken by about three million people on the Bamum language ( Shüpamom /ʃypaˑmɔm/ "language Bamum" is sometimes referred to in the French tradition as "Bamoun The Braille system is a method that is widely used by blind people to read and write The Bugis are the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi, the southwestern province of Sulawesi, Indonesia's third largest Buhid (ᝊᝓᝑᝒ is an indigenous Brahmic script of the Philippines, and is used today by the Mangyans to write in their language Canadian Aboriginal syllabic writing', or simply syllabics, is a family of Abugidas {dubious}} used to write a number of Aboriginal Canadian The Carian language was the language of the Carians. It was an Anatolian language, apparently closer to Lycian than to Lydian. The Cherokee language is written in a Syllabary invented by Sequoyah (also known as George Gist or George Guess in 1819 The Coptic alphabet is the script used for writing the Coptic language. The Cypriot syllabary is a syllabic script used in Iron Age Cyprus, from ca The Deseret alphabet (𐐼𐐯𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐯𐐻 𐐰𐑊𐑁𐐩𐐺𐐯𐐻 or 𐐼𐐯𐑆𐐲𐑉𐐯𐐻 𐐰𐑊𐑁𐐲𐐺𐐯𐐻 is a phonetic Alphabet Egyptian hieroglyphs (ˈhaɪərəʊɡlɪf from Greek grc-Grek ἱερογλύφος " sacred carving " also hieroglyphic = grc-Grek Ge'ez (ግዕዝ, ɡɨʕɨz also transliterated Gi'iz, and referred to as Ethiopic) is an ancient South Semitic Language The Georgian alphabet (ქართული დამწერლობა is the writing system currently used to write the Georgian language and other South Caucasian The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavic Alphabet. This article is about the 4th century alphabet of the Gothic bible The Kayah Li script is used to write the Kayah languages Eastern Kayah Li and Western Kayah Li, which are members of Karenic branch of the Sino-Tibetan The Khmer script (អក្ខរក្រមខេមរភាសា âkkhârâkrâm khémârâ phéasa informally aksar Khmer អក្សរខ្មែរ is used to write the The Lepcha script (also known as Róng or Róng-Ríng) is an Abugida used by the Lepcha people to write the Lepcha language. The Limbu alphabet, or Kirat-Sirijonga script, is a Brahmic script used to write the Limbu language of northern India and Nepal Linear B is a script that was used for writing Mycenaean, an early form of Greek. Lycian script was used to write the Lycian language and as such was coterminous with the latest end point of it Lydian script was used to write the Lydian language. That the language preceded the script is indicated by names in Lydian which must have existed before they were written Meitei Mayek script (also Meithei Mayek, Meetei Mayek, Manipuri script) (Manipuri Meetei Mayek) is an Abugida that was used The classic vertical Mongolian script (ɣɣul bičig, cyrillic: Монгол бичиг Mongol bichig) was the first of many writing systems created The Burmese abugida ( Burmese: မြန်မာအက္ခရာ mjànmà eʔkʰəyà is a script in the Brahmic family used in Burma for writing New Tai Lue, also known as Simplified Tai Lue is an Alphabet used to write the Tai Lü language. N'Ko (ߒߞߏ is both a script devised by Solomana Kante in 1949 as a writing system for the Mande languages of West Africa, and the name of Ogham (ogam ˈɔɣam Modern Irish or, English) is an Early Medieval Alphabet used primarily to represent the Old Irish language (and The Ol Chiki script also known as Ol Cemetʼ ("language of writing" Ol Ciki, Ol (and sometimes as the Santali alphabet) was Old Italic refers to several now extinct Alphabet systems used on the Italian Peninsula in ancient times for various Indo-European (predominantly Italic The Old Persian language is one of the two attested Old Iranian languages (besides Avestan) The Osmanya script (Somali cismaanya; Osmanya ҋҘ҈ґқҒҕҀ also known as far soomaali or Somali writing is a writing script created to write the The Phaistos Disc ( Phaistos Disk, Phaestos Disc) is a disk of fired Clay from the Minoan palace of Phaistos, possibly dating The Phoenician alphabet is a continuation of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, by convention taken to originate around 1050 BC The Rejang script, sometimes spelt Redjang and locally known as Surat Ulu ('upstream script' is an Abugida of the Brahmic family, and is related Saurashtra, more correctly Sauraṣṭri or Sauraṣṭram or Sourashtra also known as Palkar Sowrashtra Saurashtram is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of the The Shavian alphabet (also known as Shaw alphabet) is an Alphabet conceived as a way to provide simple phonetic orthography for the English language The Sinhala script is an Abugida script used in Sri Lanka to write the Official language Sinhala and also sometimes the Liturgical Sundanese ( Basa Sunda, literally "language of Sunda " is the Language of about 27 million people from the western third of Java Baybayin or Alibata (known in Unicode as the Tagalog script) is a pre- Spanish Philippine Writing system that originated Tagbanwa, also known as Apurahuano, is one of the indigenous Writing systems of the Philippines. Tai Le is a script used for the Tai Nüa language. Unicode The Unicode range for Tai Le is U+1950&ndashU+197F See also Dhivehi writing systems Thaana, Taana or Tāna (written in Tāna script is the modern writing system of the The Tibetan script is an Abugida of Indic origin used to write the Tibetan language as well as the Dzongkha language, Ladakhi language The Ugaritic alphabet is a Cuneiform Abjad (alphabet without vowels used from around 1500 BCE for the Ugaritic language, an extinct The Vai syllabary was devised by Mɔmɔlu Duwalu Bukɛlɛ of Jondu in what is now Grand Cape Mount County, Liberia. The Yi scripts, also known as Cuan or Wei are used to write the Yi languages Classical Yi Logogram The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa such as Arabic, Persian, and Urdu.

Together with John Cowan, he is also responsible for the ConScript Unicode Registry, a project to coordinate the mapping of artificial scripts into the Unicode Private Use Area. The ConScript Unicode Registry is a volunteer project to coordinate the assignment of code points in the Unicode Private Use Area for the encoding of Artificial A constructed script (also artificial script, neography, and conscript for short is a new Writing system specifically created by an individual Unicode ’s Among the scripts "encoded" in the CSUR, Shavian and Deseret were eventually formally adopted into Unicode; two other conscripts under consideration are Tolkien's scripts of Tengwar and Cirth. The Shavian alphabet (also known as Shaw alphabet) is an Alphabet conceived as a way to provide simple phonetic orthography for the English language The Deseret alphabet (𐐼𐐯𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐯𐐻 𐐰𐑊𐑁𐐩𐐺𐐯𐐻 or 𐐼𐐯𐑆𐐲𐑉𐐯𐐻 𐐰𐑊𐑁𐐲𐐺𐐯𐐻 is a phonetic Alphabet Note some of the tengwar used in this article may not display properly unless tengwar fonts are installed The Cirth (" Runes " are the letters of an Artificial script which was invented by J

Everson has also created locale and language information for many languages, from support for the Irish language and the other Celtic languages to the minority languages of Finland^[5]. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. A minority language is a Language spoken by a Minority of the Population of a country Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. In 2000, together with Trond Trosterud, he co-authored Software localization into Nynorsk Norwegian, a report commissioned by the Norwegian Language Council. The Norwegian Language Council (Språkrådet is the Norwegian government's advisory body in matters pertaining to the Norwegian language and Language planning In 2003 he was commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme to prepare a report^[6] on the computer locale requirements for the major languages of Afghanistan (Pashto, Dari, and Uzbek), co-authored by Roozbeh Pournader, which was endorsed by the Ministry of Communications of the Afghan Transitional Islamic Administration^[7]. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Pashto ( Naskh: پښتو‎ pəʂ'to also rendered as Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto, Pashtu, Pushtu, also known as Uzbek ( O‘zbek tili or O'zbekcha in Latin script, Ўзбек тили in Cyrillic script; أۇزبېك ﺗﻴﻠی in Arabic In recent years the politics of Afghanistan have been dominated by the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan, by the NATO forces and the subsequent efforts More recently, UNESCO's Initiative B@bel^[8] funded Everson's work to encode the N'Ko and Balinese scripts^[9]. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 N'Ko (ߒߞߏ is both a script devised by Solomana Kante in 1949 as a writing system for the Mande languages of West Africa, and the name of The Balinese script is an Abugida that was used to write the Balinese language, an Austronesian language spoken by about three million people on the

He also has a particular interest in Gaelic typeface design, and does a considerable amount of work typesetting books in Irish ^[10]. In Typography, a typeface is a set of one or more Fonts designed with stylistic unity each comprising a coordinated set of Glyphs A typeface usually comprises Typesetting involves the presentation of textual material in graphic form on Paper or some other medium. In 1995 he designed the Unicode font, Everson Mono, a monospaced typeface with more than 4,800 characters. Unicode typefaces (also known as UCS fonts and Unicode fonts) are Typefaces containing a wide range of characters, letters, Digits Everson Mono is a Monospaced transitional Sans serif Unicode font whose development by Michael Everson began in 1995. In Typography, a typeface is a set of one or more Fonts designed with stylistic unity each comprising a coordinated set of Glyphs A typeface usually comprises This font was the third Unicode-encoded font to contain a large number of characters from many character blocks, after Lucida Sans Unicode and Unihan font (both 1993). In digital Typography, Bigelow & Holmes Inc's Lucida Sans Unicode OpenType font is designed to support the most commonly used characters Unihan font was developed by Ross Paterson in 1993 Unihan font had two variations 16x16 and 24x24 pixel fonts.

In 2007 he co-authored a proposal for a new standard written form of Cornish, called Kernowak. For the Cornish-English dialect see West Country dialects and List of Cornish dialect words. ^[11]

References

External links

• Evertype.com, Michael Everson's web site
• Evertype, Michael Everson's weblog
• An interview with Michael Everson by Dick Gordon on The Connection, a National Public Radio public affairs call-in program
• The Unicode Consortium