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"Saint Michael" redirects here. For other uses, see Saint Michael (disambiguation).
Guido Reni's archangel Michael (in the Capuchin church of Santa Maria della Concezione, Rome) tramples Satan.
Guido Reni's archangel Michael (in the Capuchin church of Santa Maria della Concezione, Rome) tramples Satan. Guido Reni ( 4 November 1575 &ndash 18 August 1642) was a prominent Italian painter of high- Baroque style Santa Maria della Concezione dei Cappuccini, or Our Lady of the Conception of the Capuchins, is a church in Rome, Italy, commissioned by Pope Urban

Michael (Hebrew: מיכאל‎, Micha'el or Mîkhā’ēl; Greek: Μιχαήλ, Mikhaíl; Latin: Michael or Míchaël; Arabic: ميكائيل‎, Mikha'il) is an archangel, one of the principal angels in Jewish and Christian tradition. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Archangels are superior or higher-ranking Angels Archangels are found in a number of religious traditions including Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism An angel is a Spiritual Supernatural being found in many Religions Although the nature of angels and the tasks given to them vary from tradition to tradition He is viewed as the good Angel of Death (as opposed to Samael, the evil Angel of Death), and as the field commander of the Army of God. In English Death is often given the name the " Grim Reaper " and shown as a skeletal figure carrying a large Scythe, and wearing a midnight black gown robe Samael (סמאל (also Sammael) is an important Archangel in Talmudic and post-Talmudic lore as well as Christian tradition and demonology a figure who

He is mentioned by name in the Book of Daniel and the Book of Revelation 12:7. The Book of Daniel (דניאל, originally written in Hebrew and Aramaic, is a Book in both the Hebrew Bible ( Tanakh) and the Christian The Book of Revelation, also called Revelation to John, Apocalypse of John ( pronounced, from the Ἀποκάλυψις Ἰωάννου In the book of Daniel, Michael appears as "one of the chief princes" (Daniel 10:13) who in Daniel's vision comes to the angel Gabriel's aid in his contest with the angel of Persia Dobiel, and is also described there as the advocate of Israel and "great prince who stands up for the children of your (Daniel's) people" (Daniel 10:21, 12:1). Daniel (; Persian: دانيال, Dâniyal or Danial, also Dani, داني; Arabic: دانيال Gabriel ( Latin: Gabrielus; Greek:, Gabriēl; Arabic: جبريل Jibrīl or جبرائيل The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia

The Talmudic tradition rendered his name as meaning "who is like El (God)". The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Eli (Hebrew אל is the Northwest Semitic word and name either translated into English as "god" or "God" or left untranslated as Eli, depending The name was said to have been the war-cry of the angels in the battle fought in heaven against Satan and his followers. For other uses see Battle cry (disambiguation A battle cry is a yell or chant taken up in Battle, usually by members of the same Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally

Much of the late Midrashic detail about Michael was transmitted to Christianity through the Book of Enoch, whence it was taken up and further elaborated. Midrash ( Hebrew: מדרש plural midrashim, lit "to repeat" is a Hebrew term referring to the not exact but comparative ( homiletic The Book of Enoch is any of several works that attribute themselves to Enoch, the great-grandfather of Noah and son of Jared ( In late medieval Christianity, Michael, together with St George, became the patron saint of chivalry, and of the first chivalric order of France, the Order of Saint Michael of 1469. In Christian hagiography Saint George is one of the most venerated saints in the Anglican Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Chivalric order Chivalry is a term related to the Medieval institution of Knighthood. Chivalric orders are orders of Knights that were created by European monarchs in imitation of the Military orders of the Crusades. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Order of Saint Michael (Ordre de Saint-Michel was the first French chivalric order, founded by Louis XI of France in 1469 in competitive response In the British honours system, a chivalric order founded in 1818 is also named for these two saints, the Order of St Michael and St George. The British honours system is a means of rewarding individuals' personal bravery achievement or service to the United Kingdom. The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George St Michael is also considered in many Christian circles as the patron saint of the warrior. Police officers and soldiers, particularly paratroopers, regard him as their patron saint. A police officer (also known as a policeman or policewoman) is a warranted employee of a Police force. A soldier is a general English term that refers to a member of a land component of National Armed forces. Paratroopers are Soldiers trained in Parachuting and generally operate as part of an airborne force. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members He is also a patron of England, Germany[1] and one of the patron saints of the city of Brussels[2], Belgium. The City of Brussels ( French: Bruxelles-Ville or Ville de Bruxelles, Dutch: Stad Brussel) is the largest Municipality of The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those

Roman Catholics refer to him as "Saint Michael the Archangel" and also simply as "Saint Michael". Orthodox Christians refer to him as the "Taxiarch Archangel Michael" or simply "Archangel Michael". The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world

Contents

Old Testament

Book of Joshua

The main icon of the Archangel Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin (ca. 1410s).
The main icon of the Archangel Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin (ca. The Cathedral of the Archangel ( Russian: Архангельский собор, or Arkhangelsky sobor) is the name of several Cathedrals in The Moscow Kremlin ( Russian: Московский Кремль Moskovskiy Kreml) usually referred to as simply The Kremlin, is a historic fortified 1410s).

The numinous "captain of the host of the Lord" encountered by Joshua in the early days of his campaigns in the Promised Land (Joshua 5:13-15) has the character of Michael the Archangel, as the unnamed heavenly messenger is of supernatural and holy origin, likely sent by God:

Once when Joshua was near Jericho, he looked up and saw a man standing before him with a drawn sword in his hand. The Book of Joshua ( Hebrew: Sefer Y'hoshua ספר יהושע is the sixth book in both the Hebrew Tanakh and the Old Testament of the Christian Joshua went to him and said to him, 'Are you one of us, or one of our adversaries?' He replied, 'Neither; but as commander of the army of the LORD I have now come. ' And Joshua fell on his face to the earth and worshipped, and he said to him, 'What do you command your servant, my lord?' The commander of the army of the LORD said to Joshua, 'Remove the sandals from your feet, for the place where you stand is holy. ' And Joshua did so. (Joshua 5:13–15, NRSV)

There is some controversy about this passage, however. The New Revised Standard Version ( NRSV) of the Bible, released in 1989, is a thorough revision of the Revised Standard Version (RSV An orthodox Christian interpretation would be that this person is the pre-Incarnate Christ. In other places in the Bible, angels do not accept the worship of humans (see Rev. 22:9 for an example); the willingness of this person to accept Joshua's worship implies that he was divine. However, it is not clear whether the angel was the subject of Joshua's worship or merely instigated worship of God.

Book of Daniel

The prophet Daniel experiences a vision after having undergone a period of fasting. Daniel (; Persian: دانيال, Dâniyal or Danial, also Dani, داني; Arabic: دانيال In the vision, an angel identifies Michael as the protector of Israel (10:13, 21). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Later in the vision (12:1), Daniel is informed that Michael will stand for Israel during the tribulation to come. The Tribulation (or " Great Tribulation " is an event referred to in the New Testament of the Bible at ("For then shall be great tribulation There is no further mention of Michael in the Hebrew Bible.

Hebrew apocrypha

War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness

In the War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness, Michael is described as the prince of light, leading forces of good against the darkness of evil, who is led by Belial. The War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness is a manual for military organization and strategy that was discovered among the Dead Sea Scrolls. Belial (also Belhor, Baalial, Beliar, Belias, Beliall, Beliel, Bilael, Belu; from Hebrew בְּלִיַּ֫עַל He is described as the "viceroy of heaven", a title that is said to have formerly belonged to Satan. Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally

Book of Enoch

Michael is designated in the Book of Enoch, as "the prince of Israel" and the "archistratege" of God. The Book of Enoch is any of several works that attribute themselves to Enoch, the great-grandfather of Noah and son of Jared ( He is the angel of forbearance and mercy (Enoch, xl:3) who taught Enoch the mysteries of clemency and justice (lxxi:2). In the book of Jubilees (i:27 and ii:1), the angel who is said to have instructed Moses on Mount Sinai and to have delivered to him the tables of the Law is most probably Michael. Jubilee The Book of Jubilees (ספר היובלים sometimes called the Lesser Genesis ( Leptogenesis) is an ancient Jewish religious work considered

Jewish tradition

Rabbinic traditions

According to rabbinic Jewish tradition, Michael acted as the advocate of Israel, and sometimes had to fight with the princes of the other nations (cf. Daniel 10:13) and particularly with the angel Samael, Israel's accuser. Samael (סמאל (also Sammael) is an important Archangel in Talmudic and post-Talmudic lore as well as Christian tradition and demonology a figure who Michael's enmity with Samael dates from the time when the latter was thrown down from heaven. Samael took hold of the wings of Michael, whom he wished to bring down with him in his fall; but Michael was saved by God (Midrash Pirke R. El. xxvi. ).

The rabbis declare that Michael entered upon his role of defender at the time of the biblical patriarchs. Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master Thus, according to Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob, it was Michael who rescued Abraham from the furnace into which he had been thrown by Nimrod (Midrash Genesis Rabbah xliv. 16). It was Michael, the "one that had escaped" (Genesis 14:13), who told Abraham that Lot had been taken captive (Midrash Pirke R. El. ), and who protected Sarah from being defiled by Abimelech. He announced to Sarah that she would bear a son and he rescued Lot at the destruction of Sodom (Talmud B. M. 86b).

It is said that Michael prevented Isaac from being sacrificed by his father by substituting a ram in his place, and saved Jacob, while yet in his mother's womb, from being killed by Samael (Midr. According to the Hebrew Bible, Isaac ( Hebrew: Yitzchak יִצְחָק, Standard Yiẓḥaq Abkir, in Yalḳ. , Gen. 110). Later Michael prevented Laban from harming Jacob (Pirke R. El. xxxvi. ). According to one source, it was Michael who wrestled with Jacob and who afterward blessed him (Targum pseudo-Jonathan to Genesis xxxii. 25; Pirke R. El. xxxvii. ).

The midrash Exodus Rabbah holds that Michael exercised his function of advocate of Israel at the time of the Exodus also, when Satan (as an adversary) accused the Israelites of idolatry and declared that they were consequently deserving of death by drowning in the Red Sea (Ex. Midrash ( Hebrew: מדרש plural midrashim, lit "to repeat" is a Hebrew term referring to the not exact but comparative ( homiletic Drowning is Death as caused by suffocation when a liquid causes interruption of the body's absorption of oxygen from the air leading to Asphyxia. R. xviii. 5). But according to Midr. Abkir, when Uzza, the tutelar angel of Egypt, summoned Michael to plead before God, Michael remained silent, and it was God Himself who defended Israel.

Legend makes Michael the teacher of Moses; so that the Israelites are indebted to their advocate for the supreme good of the Torah. term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to This idea is alluded to in Midrash Deuteronomy Rabbah xi. 6 in the statement that Michael declined to bring Moses' soul to God on the ground that he had been Moses' teacher.

Michael is said to have destroyed the army of Sennacherib (Midrash Exodus Rabbah xviii. Sennacherib ( Akkadian Sîn-ahhe-eriba "(moon god Sîn has replaced (lost brothers for me" was the son of Sargon II, whom he 5), a deed normally attributed to an otherwise unnamed angel of destruction but perhaps accomplished by Uriel, Gabriel, or others; He is also credited with being the angel who spoke to Moses in the burning bush (an honor often bestowed upon Zagzagel). Uriel ( אוּרִיאֵל "Fire of God " Auriel/Oriel (light of god Standard Hebrew Uriʾel', Tiberian Hebrew ʾÛrîʾēl Gabriel ( Latin: Gabrielus; Greek:, Gabriēl; Arabic: جبريل Jibrīl or جبرائيل He is accepted in lore as well as being the special patron of Adam. See also Adam and Eve Adam ( Hebrew: אָדָם was according to a literal interpretation of Genesis, the first man created by Supposedly he was the first angel in all of the heavens to bow down before humanity. Michael then kept an eye on the first family, remaining vigilant even after the fall of Adam and Eve and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Not to be confused with Eden Gardens.The Garden of Eden ( Hebrew "pleasure" גַּן עֵדֶן Arabic: جنات عدن, In the apocryphal Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan, Michael taught Adam how to farm. The Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan is a Christian pseudepigraphical work found in Ge'ez, translated from an Arabic original The archangel later brought Adam to heaven in a fiery chariot, giving him a tour of the blessed realm. After Adam's death, Michael helped convince the Lord to permit Adam's soul to be brought to heaven and cleansed of its great sin. Jewish legend also states Michael to be one of the three "men" who visited Abraham. He is said to have tried to prevent Israel from being led into captivity by Nebuchadnezzar II and to save the Temple from destruction; but the sins of the people were so great that he was powerless to carry his purposes into effect. Nebuchadrezzar II, more often called Nebuchadnezzar (c 630-562 BC was a ruler of Babylon in the Chaldean Dynasty, who reigned c Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name

There is a legend which seems to be of Jewish origin, and which was adopted by the Copts, to the effect that Michael was first sent by God to bring Nebuchadnezzar against Jerusalem, and that Michael was afterward very active in freeing his nation from Babylonian captivity (Amélineau, "Contes et Romans de l'Egypte Chrétienne," ii. A Copt ( Coptic: ouRemenkīmi enEkhristianos, literally Egyptian Christian) is a native Egyptian Christian. 142 et seq. ). According to a midrash, Michael saved Hananiah and his companions from the Fiery furnace (Midrash Genesis Rabbah xliv. The fiery furnace is a story from the Book of Daniel (chapter 3 in the Tanakh ( Old Testament) 16). Michael was active in the time of Esther: "The more Haman accused Israel on earth, the more Michael defended Israel in heaven" (Midrash Esther Rabbah iii. Esther ( born Hadassah, is a queen of Persian Empire in the Hebrew Bible, the queen of Ahasuerus (traditionally identified with Artaxerxes 8). It was Michael who reminded Ahasuerus that he was Mordecai's debtor (Targum to Esther vi. 1); and there is a legend that Michael appeared to the high priest Hyrcanus, promising him assistance (comp. Josephus, "Ant. " xiii. 10, § 3).

The motive of Michael and the dragon appears in Michael's fight with Samael in Assumptio Mosis, x. ). This legend is not found in Jewish sources except insofar as Samael or Satan is called in the Kabbalah "the primitive serpent". Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism.

The idea that Michael was the advocate of the Jews became so prevalent that in spite of the rabbinical prohibition against appealing to angels as intermediaries between God and His people, Michael came to occupy a certain place in the Jewish liturgy. There were two prayers written beseeching him as the prince of mercy to intercede in favor of Israel: one composed by Eliezer ha-Kalir, and the other by Judah b. Samuel he-Hasid. But appeal to Michael seems to have been more common in ancient times. Thus Jeremiah is said (Baruch Apoc. Ethiopic, ix. 5) to have addressed a prayer to him. "When a man is in need he must pray directly to God, and neither to Michael nor to Gabriel" (Yer. Ber. ix. 13a).

With regard to the nature of the offerings which Michael brings to the altar, one opinion is that they are the souls of the just, while according to another they are fiery sheep. The former opinion, which has become prevalent in Jewish mystical writings, explains the important position occupied by Michael in Jewish eschatology. Jewish eschatology is concerned with the Jewish Messiah, Afterlife, and the revival of the dead. The idea that Michael is the Charon of individual souls, which is common among Christians, is not found in Jewish sources, but that he is in charge of the souls of the just appears in many Jewish writings. In Greek mythology, Charon or Kharon (in Greek, Χάρων &mdash the bright) was the Ferryman of Hades

Michael is said to have had a dispute with Samael over the soul of Moses (Midrash Deut. Rabbah xi. 6. ) According to the Zohar, Michael accompanies the souls of the pious and helps them to enter the gates of the heavenly Jerusalem. For the village in southern Israel see Tzohar The Zohar (זהר lit Splendor or Radiance) is widely considered the most important It is said that Michael and his host are stationed at the gates of the heavenly Jerusalem and give admittance to the souls of the just. Michael's function is to open the gates also of justice to the just. It is also said that at the resurrection Gabriel will sound the trumpet, at which the graves will open and the dead will rise.

Kabbalistic traditions

In later Jewish writings, particularly in Kabbalistic works, he is viewed as "the advocate of the Jews. Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. "

Christian tradition

Saint Michael the Archangel
A 13th-century Byzantine icon from Saint Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai
Archangel
Born n/a
Died n/a
Canonized pre-congregation
Feast September 29 ("Michaelmas"); May 8; many other local and historical feasts
Attributes Archangel; Treading on Satan or a serpent; carrying a banner, scales, and sword
Patronage Paratroopers; Police officers; Mariners; Grocers; the sick; Paramedics; the German people
Saints Portal

Canonical New Testament

In the Epistle of Jude of the New Testament in verse 9, St Michael disputes with the Devil over the body of Moses. Saint Catherine's Monastery ( Greek:) on the Sinai Peninsula, at the mouth of an inaccessible gorge at the foot of Mount Sinai in Egypt is one Canonization is the act by which a particular Christian church declares a deceased person to be a Saint and is included in the canon or list of recognized saints The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Michaelmas, the feast of St Michael the Archangel (also the Feast of SS Michael Gabriel and Raphael or the Feast of Michael and All Angels) is a day in the Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Christianity has used symbols from its very beginnings Each Saint has a story and a reason why he or she led an exemplary life Archangels are superior or higher-ranking Angels Archangels are found in a number of religious traditions including Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Paratroopers are Soldiers trained in Parachuting and generally operate as part of an airborne force. A police officer (also known as a policeman or policewoman) is a warranted employee of a Police force. A paramedic is a medical professional usually a member of the emergency medical service, who primarily provides Pre-hospital advanced medical and The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The brief Epistle of Jude is the penultimate book in the Christian New Testament canon. Moses ( Latin: Moyses,; Greek: grc Mωυσής in both the Septuagint and the New Testament; Arabic: ar موسىٰ In Revelation 12:7-8, "And there was a great battle in heaven, Michael and his angels fought with the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back. The Book of Revelation, also called Revelation to John, Apocalypse of John ( pronounced, from the Ἀποκάλυψις Ἰωάννου But he was not strong enough, and they lost their place in heaven. " Saint John describes Satan being thrown out of heaven three and a half years from the end of the age, "a time, times and half a time" (Revelation 12:14). Satan being thrown from heaven coincides with the "abomination that causes desolation" as spoken of by the prophet (Daniel 9:27).

Christian legend

According to some Christian theologians Saint Michael may appear in Scripture where his name is not mentioned. Examples of this include the cherub who stood at the gate of paradise, "to keep the way of the tree of life" (Genesis 3:24), the angel through whom God published the Decalogue to his chosen people, the angel who stood in the way against Balaam (Numbers 22:22 sqq. CHERUB is a series of young adult books written by the author Robert Muchamore. Balaam ( Hebrew: בִּלְעָם, Standard Bilʻam Tiberian Bilʻām) is a Prophet ), the angel who routed the army of Sennacherib (2 Kings 19:35). Sennacherib ( Akkadian Sîn-ahhe-eriba "(moon god Sîn has replaced (lost brothers for me" was the son of Sargon II, whom he The Books of Kings ( Sefer Melachim, ספר מלכים are a part of Judaism 's Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible.

It may have been natural to St Michael, the champion of the Jewish people, to be the champion also of Christians, giving victory in war to his clients. The early Christians, however, regarded some of the martyrs as their military patrons: Saint George, Saint Theodore, Saint Demetrius, Saints Sergius and Bacchus, Saint Procopius, Saint Mercurius, etc. In Christian hagiography Saint George is one of the most venerated saints in the Anglican Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Saint Theodore of Amasea (d 306 Amasenus, now Amasya Turkey) is one of the Greek Military saints of the 4th century the earlier Patron saint Saint Demetrius redirects here For another saint see Demetrius of Alexandria. Great-martyr Mercurius (224 – 250 was a Christian saint and Martyr. ; but to St Michael they gave the care of their sick. At the place where he was first venerated, in Phrygia (modern-day Turkey, his prestige as an angelic healer obscured his interposition in military affairs. In antiquity Phrygia (Φρυγία was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches It was from early times the centre of the true cult of the holy angels, particularly of St Michael. Tradition relates that Saint Michael in the earliest ages caused a medicinal spring to spout at Chairotopa near Colossae, where all the sick who bathed there, invoking the Blessed Trinity and St Michael, were cured. Colossae or Colosse (also known as Chonae or Kona) was an ancient city of Phrygia, on the Lycus, which is a tributary of the SSC RF "Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Termonuclear Research" or TRINITY for shprt Троицкий Институт инновационных и термоядерных

The Miracle of St. Michael at Chonae, 12th-century icon from Saint Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai.
The Miracle of St. Michael at Chonae, 12th-century icon from Saint Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai. Colossae or Colosse (also known as Chonae or Kona) was an ancient city of Phrygia, on the Lycus, which is a tributary of the An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity. Saint Catherine's Monastery ( Greek:) on the Sinai Peninsula, at the mouth of an inaccessible gorge at the foot of Mount Sinai in Egypt is one For other places named Mount Sinai see Mount Sinai (disambiguation Mount Sinai (Arabic طور سيناء, Hebrew הר סיני also

Still more famous are the springs which St. Michael is said to have drawn from the rock at Colossae (Chonae, on the Lycus). Colossae or Colosse (also known as Chonae or Kona) was an ancient city of Phrygia, on the Lycus, which is a tributary of the Colossae or Colosse (also known as Chonae or Kona) was an ancient city of Phrygia, on the Lycus, which is a tributary of the Tradition tells that the pagans directed a stream against the sanctuary of St. Michael to destroy it, but the custodion of the shrine, named Archippus, prayed to St. Michael and the archangel appeared and split the rock, opening up a new bed to divert the stream, and sanctified forever the waters which came from the gorge. The Orthodox Church believes that this apparition took place about the middle of the first century and celebrates a feast in commemoration of it on September 6[3] as the "Miracle of the Archangel Michael at Chonae. The term Orthodox Christianity may refer to The Eastern Orthodox Church: the Eastern Christian churches of Byzantine Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started "[4] The Monastery of the Miracle in the Moscow Kremlin, where the Russian Tsars were baptized, was dedicated to the Feast of the Miracle at Chonae (Kona). The Chudov Monastery (more formally known as Alexius’ Archangel Michael Monastery) was founded in the Moscow Kremlin in 1358 by Metropolitan Alexius The Moscow Kremlin ( Russian: Московский Кремль Moskovskiy Kreml) usually referred to as simply The Kremlin, is a historic fortified Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted Hot springs at Pythia in Bithynia and elsewhere in Asia Minor were also dedicated to St Michael. PYTHIA is a computer simulation program for particle collisions at very high energies (see Event (particle physics) in Particle accelerators Description Several major cities sat on the fertile shores of the Propontis (which is now known as Sea of Marmara) Nicomedia, Chalcedon, Cius Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black

At Constantinople likewise, Saint Michael was the great heavenly physician. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS His principal sanctuary, the "Michaelion", was at Sosthenion, some fifty miles south of Constantinople. He supposedly visited Emperor Constantine the Great at Constantinople, intervened in assorted battles, and appeared, sword in hand, over the mausoleum of Hadrian, in apparent answer to the prayers of Pope St. Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after Gregory I the Great (r. 590-604) that a plague in Rome should cease. In honor of the occasion, the pope took to calling the mausoleum the "Castel Sant'Angelo" (Castle of the Holy Angel), the name by which it is still known. A mausoleum ( plural: mausolea is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons For the town with the same name see Castel Sant'Angelo (RI The Mausoleum of Hadrian, usually known as the Castel Sant'Angelo, is a towering The sick slept in this church at night to wait for a manifestation of St Michael; his feast was kept there June 9. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits

Another famous Church was within the walls of the city, at the thermal baths of the Emperor Arcadius; there the synaxis of the archangel was celebrated November 8. Flavius Arcadius (377/378&ndash May 1, 408) was Byzantine Emperor in the Eastern half of the Roman Empire from 395 until his death Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration This feast spread over the entire Greek Church, and the Syrian, Armenian, and Coptic Churches also adopted it. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani History of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria Apostolic foundation Egypt is identified in the Bible as the place of refuge that the It is currently the principal feast of St Michael amongst the Eastern Christians. Families of churches Eastern Christians have a shared tradition but they became divided ( Schism) during the early centuries of Christianity in disputes about Although originating in Phrygia, its station at Constantinople was known as the "Thermae of Arcadius" (Martinow, "Annus Graeco-slavicus", November 8). Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Other feasts of St Michael at Constantinople were: October 27, in the "Promotu" Church; June 18, in the Church of St Julian at the Forum; and December 10, at Athaea. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V

Archangel Michael as represented on a coin of Emperor Michael V.
Archangel Michael as represented on a coin of Emperor Michael V. Michael V "the Caulker" or Kalaphates ( Greek: Μιχαήλ Ε΄ Καλαφάτης Mikhaēl V Kalaphatēs) (1015 &ndash August 24

The Christians of Egypt placed their life-giving river, the Nile, under the protection of Saint Michael; they adopted the above Greek feast and kept it on November 12. The Nile (النيل, Ancient Egyptian iteru or Ḥ'pī, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing River Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days On the twelfth of every month they celebrate a special Commemoration of the Archangel Michael. In addition, on June 12, when the Nile river commences to rise, they keep as a day of obligation the feast of "St Michael for the rising of the Nile. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. "

At Rome the Leonine Sacramentary (sixth century) has the "Natale Basilicae Angeli via Salaria", September 30; of the five Masses for the feast three mention St Michael. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the The Gelasian Sacramentary (seventh century) gives the feast "S. The so-called "Gelasian Sacramentary" is a book of Catholic Liturgy, containing the priest's part in celebrating the Eucharist. Michaelis Archangeli", and the Gregorian Sacramentary (eighth century), "Dedicatio Basilionis S. Angeli Michaelis", September 29. A manuscript also here adds "via Salaria" (Ebner, "Miss. Rom. Iter Italicum", 127). This Church of the Via Salaria was six miles to the north of the city; in the ninth century it was called Basilica Archangeli in Septimo (Armellini, "Chiese di Roma", p. 85). It disappeared a thousand years ago. At Rome also the part of heavenly physician was given to St Michael. According to an (apocryphal?) legend of the tenth century he appeared over the Moles Hadriani (Castel di S. Angelo), in 950, during the procession which St. Gregory held against the pestilence, putting an end to the plague. Pope Boniface IV (608-15) built on the Moles Hadriani in honour of him, a church, which was styled St. Pope Michaelis inter nubes (in summitate circi).

Fontaine Saint-Michel in Paris
Fontaine Saint-Michel in Paris

Well known is the apparition of Saint Michael (a. 494 or 530-40), as related in the Roman Breviary, May 8, at his renowned sanctuary on Monte Gargano, where his original glory as patron in war was restored to him. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Monte Gargano is a mountain in Apulia, Italy forming the backbone of the peninsula Promontorio del Gargano on the Adriatic Sea. To his intercession the Lombards of Sipontum (modern-day Manfredonia) attributed their victory over the Greek Neapolitans, May 8, 663. The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from Siponto ( Latin: Sipontum) was an ancient port town of Apulia in southern Italy. Manfredonia is a town and Comune of Puglia, Italy, in the Province of Foggia, from which it is 35 kilometres northeast by rail Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor Constans II invades south Italy. In commemoration of this victory the Church of Sipontum instituted a special feast in honour of the archangel, on May 8, which has spread over the entire Latin Church and is now called (since the time of Saint Pius V) "Apparitio S. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Michaelis", although it originally did not commemorate the apparition, but the victory. Traditional Roman Catholics continue to celebrate this feast day as the "Apparition of Saint Michael the Archangel" deemed a Greater-Double feast. Traditionalist Catholics are Roman Catholics, or people who identify as Roman Catholics who believe that there should be a restoration of many or all of the liturgical The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints The following is a list of the feast days of the General Roman Calendar as it was in 1954.

In Normandy, Saint Michael is the patron of mariners in his famous sanctuary at Mont-Saint-Michel in the Diocese of Coutances. Mont Saint-Michel ( English: St Michael's Mount) is a rocky Tidal island in Normandy, France. He is said to have appeared there, in 708, to St. Aubert, Bishop of Avranches. Saint Aubert was Bishop of Avranches in the 8th century and is credited with founding Mont Saint Michel. In Normandy his feast "S. Michaelis in periculo maris" or "in Monte Tumba" was universally celebrated on October 18, the anniversary of the dedication of the first church, October 16, 710; the feast is now confined to the Diocese of Coutances. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western For the area code see Area code 710. For the Los Angeles-area freeway see Interstate 710.

In Germany, after its evangelization, Saint Michael replaced for the Christians the pagan god Wotan, to whom many mountains were sacred, hence the numerous mountain chapels of St. Michael all over Germany. He is also known as the patron saint of the German Nation. His picture bedecked the war standard of the old German Empire (the Holy Roman Empire). The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in

The hymns of the Roman Office are said to have been composed by Saint Rabanus Maurus of Fulda (d. Rabanus Maurus Magnentius (c 780 &ndash 4 February 856) also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus, was a Frankish Benedictine Fulda (ˈfʊlda is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district ( Kreis 856). In art, St Michael is represented as an angelic warrior, fully armed with helmet, sword, and shield (often the shield bears the Latin inscription: "Quis ut Deus"), standing over the dragon, whom he sometimes pierces with a lance. He also holds a pair of scales in which he weighs the souls of the departed (cf. Rock, "The Church of Our Fathers", III, 160), or the book of life, to show that he takes part in the judgment. His feast (September 29) in the Middle Ages was celebrated as a holy day of obligation, as he was the patron of knights, but along with several other feasts it was gradually abolished since the eighteenth century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Michaelmas Day, in England and other countries, is one of the regular quarter-days for settling rents and accounts; but it is no longer remarkable for the hospitality with which it was formerly celebrated. Stubble-geese being esteemed in perfection about this time, most families had one dressed on Michaelmas Day. In some parishes (Isle of Skye) they had a procession on this day and baked a cake, called St Michael's bannock.

Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christians often refer to the angel Michael as "Saint Michael", an honorific title that does not indicate canonisation. Canonization is the act by which a particular Christian church declares a deceased person to be a Saint and is included in the canon or list of recognized saints He is generally referred to in Christian litanies as "Saint Michael the Archangel. A litany, in Christian worship, is a form of Prayer used in Church services and Processions and consisting of a number of petitions " Orthodoxy accords him the title "Archistrategos", or "Supreme Commander of the Heavenly Hosts. "

St Michael's Victory over the Devil, sculpture above the main entrance to St. Michaelis in Hamburg, Germany.
St Michael's Victory over the Devil, sculpture above the main entrance to St. Michaelis in Hamburg, Germany. St Michaelis, called Michel, is one of Hamburg 's five main Protestant churches (Hauptkirchen and the most famous church in the city

Saint Michael was usually honored on mountain tops and high places, and many famous shrines to him survive on those places, often replacing shrines of pre-Christian gods concerned with weather, like Wotan.

In Greek folklore, St Michael also assumed the god Hermes' role as the psychopomp who leads souls to Hades, and in the role of weigher of souls on Judgment Day. Hermes ( Greek,, ˈhɝmiːz in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them of Shepherds and Many religious belief systems have a particular spirit, Angel, or Deity whose responsibility is to escort newly-deceased souls to the Afterlife Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient In Christian eschatology, the Last Judgment or Day of the Lord is the judgment by God of every human who ever lived A related folk belief is that St Michael's face can only be seen by the dead and by those about to die. It is for this reason that some folk icons depict him without a face. An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity.

The Roman Catholic Church honors Saint Michael with four main titles. He is the Christian angel of death, carrying the souls of all the deceased to heaven, where they are weighed in his perfectly balanced scales (hence Michael is often depicted holding scales). At the hour of death, Michael descends and gives each soul the chance to redeem itself before passing, thus consternating the devil and his minions. St Michael is the special patron of the Chosen People in the Old Testament and is guardian of the Church; it was thus not unusual for the angel to be revered by the military orders of knights during the Middle Ages. Last, he is the supreme enemy of Satan and the fallen angels. In most Christian traditions a fallen angel is an Angel that has been Exiled or banished from Heaven.

In the Roman Catholic calendar of saints and the Lutheran Calendar of Saints, his feast day, once widely known as Michaelmas, is celebrated September 29 and was one of the four quarter days on which accounts were settled and, in England, when terms began in universities. For earlier forms of the General Roman Calendar see the Tridentine Calendar, the General Roman Calendar as in 1954, General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius The Lutheran Calendar of Saints is a listing which details the primary annual festivals and events that are celebrated liturgically by the Lutheran Church Michaelmas, the feast of St Michael the Archangel (also the Feast of SS Michael Gabriel and Raphael or the Feast of Michael and All Angels) is a day in the Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. In British and Irish tradition the quarter days were the four dates in each year on which servants were hired and rents and rates were due In the Eastern Orthodox Church his principal feast day is November 8, where he is honored along with the rest of the "Bodiless Powers of Heaven" as their Supreme Commander, and his miraculous appearance at Colossae (see below) is commemorated on September 6. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Heaven may refer to the physical heavens the sky or the seemingly endless expanse of the Universe beyond Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started

The last visit, that of his appearance over the mausoleum of Hadrian, certified one major aspect involving Michael, namely his role as an angel of healing. Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after This title was bestowed at Phrygia, in Asia Minor, which also propagated the cult of angels and became a leading center for their veneration. In antiquity Phrygia (Φρυγία was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black St Michael is reputed to have caused a healing spring to flow in the first century at Colossae, and his churches were frequently visited by the sick and lame. Colossae or Colosse (also known as Chonae or Kona) was an ancient city of Phrygia, on the Lycus, which is a tributary of the The angel is invoked additionally as the patron of sailors in Normandy (the famous monastery of Mont Saint Michel on the north coast of France is named after him). Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. Mont Saint-Michel ( English: St Michael's Mount) is a rocky Tidal island in Normandy, France. He is especially remembered in France as the angel who, along with Saint Catherine and Saint Margaret gave Saint Joan of Arc the courage to save her country from the English during the Hundred Years' War (1337-1455). Saint Catherine of Alexandria, also known as Saint Catherine of the Wheel and The Great Martyr Saint Catherine ( Greek) is a Christian Saint Margaret,also known as Margaret of Antioch (in Pisidia) virgin and Martyr, is celebrated by the Roman Catholic and Anglican Joan of Arc (c 1412 Joan asserted that she had visions from God that told her to recover her homeland from English domination late in the Hundred Years' The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior Perhaps his most singular honor was given to him in 1950 when Pope Pius XII (r. Pope 1939-1958) named him patron of policemen. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A police officer (also known as a policeman or policewoman) is a warranted employee of a Police force. St Michael is also said to have announced to the Virgin Mary her impending death, declaring himself to be "Great and Wonderful. "

A monument to St. Michael, the patron of Kiev at the Independence Square in the center of the city.
A monument to St. Michael, the patron of Kiev at the Independence Square in the center of the city. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Майдан Незалежності literally Independence Square) is the central square of Kiev, the capital city of Ukraine

According to legend, Michael instructed St. Aubert, bishop of Avranches to build a church on the rocky islet now known as Mont Saint Michel in 708. Saint Aubert was Bishop of Avranches in the 8th century and is credited with founding Mont Saint Michel. Avranches is a commune in the Manche department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France. Mont Saint-Michel ( English: St Michael's Mount) is a rocky Tidal island in Normandy, France. Events By Place Asia August 29 — Copper Coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date Also dedicated to Michael was the French Order of St Michel founded in 1469. The Order of Saint Michael (Ordre de Saint-Michel was the first French chivalric order, founded by Louis XI of France in 1469 in competitive response Today, however, he is more usually associated with police officers, paramedics, EMTs and other emergency workers. He is also claimed as the patron saint of the American airborne units. He is the patron of Ukraine and its capital Kiev and of the archdiocese of Seattle. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop.

In Australia, National Police Remembrance day is commemorated on September 29 each year, being the feast day of St Michael. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.

Under the influence of the widely-read angelology of the Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, among Church fathers much time was spent allotting Michael a rank in the celestial hierarchy: Alfonso Salmeron, Cardinal Bellarmine, Saint Basil the Great's homily (De Angelis) and other Greek fathers place Saint Michael over all the angels; they say he is called "Archangel" because he is the prince of the other angels. Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, also known as Pseudo-Denys, is the anonymous theologian and philosopher of the late 5th to early 6th century whose Corpus Areopagiticum Alfonso ( Alphonsus) Salmeron ( September 8, 1515 - February 13, 1585) was a biblical scholar and one of the first Jesuits Robert Bellarmine ( Roberto Francesco Romolo Cardinale Bellarmino) (4 October 1542 Montepulciano, Siena, Italy – 17 September 1621 Basil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great (c 330 – January 1, 379) (Άγιος Βασίλειος ο Μέγας Latin Others (cf. P. Bonaventura, op. cit. ) believe that he is the prince of the Seraphim, the first of the nine angelic orders. A seraph ( Heb. שׂרף, pl שׂרפים Seraphim, lat. seraph'' pl According to Saint Thomas Aquinas (Summa Ia. 113. 3), he is the Prince of the last and lowest choir, the angels.

The hymn of the Mozarabic Breviary places St Michael even above the Twenty-four Elders. The Mozarabic, Visigothic, or Hispanic Rite is a form of Catholic Worship within the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church and in the

A favorite angelic subject in art, matched only by Saint Gabriel, Saint Michael is often depicted as winged and with unsheathed sword. Gabriel ( Latin: Gabrielus; Greek:, Gabriēl; Arabic: جبريل Jibrīl or جبرائيل In the Renaissance period, he is shown as young, strong, and handsome, and is most often depicted as a proud, handsome angel in white or magnificent armor or a splendid coat of mail and equipped with sword, shield and spear. His wings are generally conspicuous and very grand. He is usually shown holding in his hand a banner or the scales of justice. Quite often he is seen, like Saint George and in some representations of the Madonna, in conflict with a dragon or standing upon a vanquished devil, who most of the time is Satan. Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally

Stylised, on National Police Memorial Australia
Stylised, on National Police Memorial Australia

Latter-Day Saints theology

According to Latter-day Saint theology, Michael lived this mortal life as the patriarch Adam. Australia 's National Police Memorial is in the national capital Canberra, in King's Park on the northern shore of Lake Burley Griffin adjacent to the Mormonism is a term used to describe the religious, ideological and cultural elements of certain branches of the Latter Day Saint movement Adam (אָדָם ʼĀḏām, "dust man mankind" آدم; Ge'ez: አዳ and Eve (חַוָּה Ḥawwā, "living Michael and Adam are regarded as the same individual; Adam being his mortal name and Michael being his pre-mortal/post-mortal name. Thus, all of the descendents of Adam are the earthly descendents of Michael. Adam's angelic name, Michael ("who is like God"), would be descriptive of the man's appearance, being as he was created in the image of the Father. Brigham Young preached on April 9, 1852 that Adam/Michael came to earth with a spiritual purpose, had helped to create the world, and is now an exalted being. Brigham Young (June 1 1801 &ndash August 29 1877 was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. [5]

See also: Adam, Noah ~ Gabriel (archangel)

Jehovah's Witness belief

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus and the Archangel Michael are the same being. See also Adam and Eve Adam ( Hebrew: אָדָם was according to a literal interpretation of Genesis, the first man created by Noah (or Noe, Noach;; Nūḥ; Arabic: نوح; "Rest") was according to the Bible, the tenth and last of Gabriel ( Latin: Gabrielus; Greek:, Gabriēl; Arabic: جبريل Jibrīl or جبرائيل Jehovah's Witnesses is a restorationist, millenialist Christian denomination Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) They believe that Jesus/Michael was the first being created by Jehovah and through whom he made the universe, the angels and mankind. Yahweh|God in Abrahamic religions Jehovah is an English reading of, the most frequent form of the Tetragrammaton, the name of God in the Hebrew Bible, in In this pre-human existence he was known as the Word of God. He later took human form as Jesus and led a life without sin. After his death on a torture stake, Jesus was resurrected in his previous spiritual form. Writers hold different views on the form of the Gibbet used in the execution of Jesus, the central figure of Christianity, and differ about the meaning of the Greek They base this belief on the following Scriptural passages:

  1. Jude 1:9 refers to Michael as "the archangel", a term meaning "chief angel". Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin They interpret this phrase about Michael as meaning he is the only archangel since the Greek word translated "archangel" is only in the singular and the Bible never mentions another archangel. They interpret 1 Thessalonians 4:16, which states: "The Lord himself will descend from heaven with a commanding call, with an archangel's voice and with the sound of the trumpet of God", as meaning that Jesus was an archangel. From this they conclude that Jesus and Michael are identical.
  2. The Book of Revelation speaks of Michael as the leader of an army of Angels in Heaven who will overthrow Satan in a great battle. The Book of Revelation, also called Revelation to John, Apocalypse of John ( pronounced, from the Ἀποκάλυψις Ἰωάννου [6] Jesus is also spoken of as leading such an army. From this too they conclude that Jesus and Michael must be identical.

Shrines

St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery in Kiev.
St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery in Kiev. St Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery (Михайлівський золотоверхий монастир translit Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the

Islam

In Arabic literature, Michael is called Mikha'il or (in the Qur'an) Mikhal. Chagford is a small Town and Civil parish on the northeast edge of Dartmoor, in Devon, England, close to the River Teign The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Arabic literature ( Arabic: الأدب العربي Al-Adab Al-Arabi) is the writing produced both Prose and Poetry, by speakers The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran In the Qur'an Michael is mentioned once only, in Sura 2:98. Sura Al-Baqara ( سورة البقرة, Sūratu al-Baqarah, "The Cow" is the second and the longest Sura (chapter of the In his commentary on verse 91 of that sura, Baiḍawi relates that on one occasion Omar went into a Jewish school and inquired concerning Gabriel. Umar (a=عمر بن الخطاب|t=`Umar ibn al-Khattāb c 581-83 CE &ndash 7 November, 644) also known as Umar the Great or Omar the Great The pupils said he was their enemy, but that Michael was a good angel, bringing peace and plenty. In answer to Omar's question as to the respective positions of Michael and Gabriel in God's presence, they said that Gabriel was on His right hand and Michael on His left. Omar exclaimed at their untruthfulness, and declared that whoever was an enemy to God's angels, to him God would be an enemy. Upon returning to Muhammad, Omar found that Gabriel had forestalled him by revealing the same message, which is contained in verse 92. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Muslim commentators state with reference to Sura 11:72 that Michael was one of the three angels who visited Abraham. Sura Hud ( Arabic سورة هود, Sūratu Hūd, " Hud " is the 11th chapter of the Qur'an with 123

St Michael's Victory over the Devil, a sculpture by Sir Jacob Epstein near the entrance to Coventry Cathedral.
St Michael's Victory over the Devil, a sculpture by Sir Jacob Epstein near the entrance to Coventry Cathedral. Sir Jacob Epstein ( 10 November 1880 – 19 August 1959) was an American-born sculptor who worked chiefly in the UK where Coventry Cathedral, also known as St Michael's Cathedral, is the seat of the Bishop of Coventry and the Diocese of Coventry, in Coventry

Among the Muslims, Michael is one of the four archangels (with Izrail, Israfil and Jibrail), and one of the two angels, with Gabriel, named in Qur'an. Some believe that there are ten archangels - Mikhail, Izrail, Israfil, Jibrail, Munkar, Nakir, Raqib, 'Atid, Malik and Ridhwan.

He resides in the seventh heaven and is popularly believed to have wings of emerald green.

In Islamic tradition Michael always appears as second to Gabriel. When God was creating Adam, He sent first Gabriel and then Michael to fetch the clay out of which man is to be formed. Both were restrained by the earth's protests; only Azrael pays no heed to them. Azrael is the Islamic Archangel of Death. It is an English form of the Arabic name Azra'il (عزرائيل or Azra'eil (عزرایل the name traditionally attributed When Adam and Eve are expelled from paradise, Gabriel is sent to the former, and Michael to the latter, to impart comfort. Adam (אָדָם ʼĀḏām, "dust man mankind" آدم; Ge'ez: አዳ and Eve (חַוָּה Ḥawwā, "living On his death-bed Muhammed stated that Gabriel would be the first and Michael the second to pray over him.

Michael, or Mikhail, is also believed to be the angel associated with the delivery of blessings.

In Islam, it is popularly believed that there are countless angels. Therefore, it is also popularly believed that the named angels are the head of departments; i. e. Michael is the chief angel of blessings. [[Image:

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Bahá'í

In Thief in the Night, the Bahá'í writer, William Sears, interpreted references to Michael as referring to Bahá'u'lláh. The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind William Sears may refer to William Sears (physician (fl late 20th century American pediatrician and author William Sears (Bahá'í Bahá'u'lláh ( ba-haa-ol-laa "Glory of God" ( November 12, 1817 – May 29, 1892) born Mírzá Ḥusayn-`Alí Nuri [7] He quotes Daniel (10:13):

"But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me one and twenty days: but, lo, Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me. . . '.

Daniel was told that this vision concerned ". . . what shall befall thy people (Israel) in the latter days. "

Sears interprets this as a prophecy about Bahá'u'lláh, who was a Persian nobleman of Sassanian royal lineage. He also quotes from the Book of Enoch (69:14):

"He (God) spoke to holy Michael to discover to them the sacred name, that they might understand that secret name".

The Urantia Book

In The Urantia Book, Jesus and Michael are identified with each other, Michael being the name of the pre-existent Jesus. The Urantia Book (also sometimes called The Urantia Papers or the Fifth Epochal Revelation) is a spiritual and philosophical Michael is the Creator Son in the local universe of Nebadon, of which the planet Earth, Urantia, is one of 3,840,101 inhabited planets.

Anthroposophy and the occult

The french occultist, Eliphas Levi, the German philosopher Franz von Baader, and the Theosophist Louis Claude de St. Eliphas Lévi, born Alphonse Louis Constant, ( February 8, 1810 - May 31, 1875) was a French Occult author Franz Xaver von Baader ( March 27, 1765 &ndash May 23, 1841) was a German Philosopher and theologian. Martin spoke of 1879 as the year in which Michael overcame the dragon. Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This is confirmed by the esoteric writer Rudolf Steiner in a lecture in Zurich on November 13, 1917, where he states: "in 1879, in November, a momentous event took place, a battle of the Powers of Darkness against the Powers of Light, ending in the image of Michael overcoming the Dragon"[8]. Rudolf Steiner ( 25 February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian philosopher literary scholar educator artist playwright

Anthroposophists consider Michael to be the administrator of cosmic intelligence, who 'dwells on the Sun'. Waldorf schools celebrate the Michaelmas Festival (the festival of 'strong will') during the Autumnal Equinox (September 29). Waldorf education (also known as Steiner or Steiner-Waldorf education is a Pedagogy based upon the Educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner, the founder Michaelmas, the feast of St Michael the Archangel (also the Feast of SS Michael Gabriel and Raphael or the Feast of Michael and All Angels) is a day in the

Modern occultists associate Michael with the color Red, the direction South and the element Fire. The word occult comes from the Latin word occultus (clandestine hidden secret referring to "knowledge of the hidden" Red is any of a number of similar Colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of Light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength South is one of Cardinal directions and is opposite to the North. Fire is the heat and light energy released during a Chemical reaction, in particular a combustion reaction. However, the Kabbalistic work, the Bahir (Sefer Ha-Bahir, Hebrew, "Book of the Brightness"), states that Michael is in fact attributed to the element Water. Bahir or Sefer Ha-Bahir סֵפֶר הַבָּהִיר ( Hebrew, "Book of the Brightness" is an anonymous mystical work attributed pseudepigraphically Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life.

In other forms of occultism, Michael is said to be the spirit of the planet Mercury or the Sun. He is ruler over Sunday and Thursday. He is the alchemy of motivation, activation and achievement. He is said to be bringer of the gift of patience, and the angel of careers, courage, achievements, ambitions, motivation, and life tasks. Michael's candle colors are orange, white and gold. His color energies are orange, violet, white, crystal, gold, and brown.

Literature and popular culture

In the English epic poem Paradise Lost by John Milton, Michael commands the army of angels loyal to God against the rebel forces of Satan. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States An epic is a lengthy Narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation Paradise Lost is an Epic poem in Blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton. John Milton ( 9 December, 1608 – 8 November, 1674) was an English Poet, Prose Polemicist and Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally Armed with a sword from God's armory, he bests Satan in personal combat, wounding his side.

According to a diary authored by Father Raymond Bishop, a Jesuit priest at Saint Louis University, the mere mention of the name of St. Father Raymond J Bishop ( January 15, 1906 - February 1978 was a Roman Catholic Priest. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Saint Louis University (also known as SLU) is a private co-educational Jesuit University in the United States of America located in Michael caused scratches on a 13-year old boy during an exorcism. Exorcism (from Late Latin exorcismus, from Greek exorkizein - to adjure is the practice of evicting Demons or other evil Near the end of the exorcism, the boy saw a vision of the Devil and ten of his helpers engaged in a fiery battle with St. Exorcism (from Late Latin exorcismus, from Greek exorkizein - to adjure is the practice of evicting Demons or other evil The Devil is the Michael. At one point during the dream, the angel smiled at the boy and said "Dominus. " Shortly thereafter, the boy shouted out: "Satan! Satan! I am St. Michael, and I command you Satan, and the other evil spirits to leave the body in the name of Dominus, Immediately. " Father Bishop's diary was used by William Peter Blatty as the basis for his book, The Exorcist, and later, by Thomas B. Allen, in his 1993 book Possessed: The True Story of an Exorcism. William Peter Blatty (born January 7, 1928) is an American Writer and Filmmaker. Thomas B Allen (1928&ndash November 8, 2004) was an American painter and Illustrator known for a moody and expressionist

Archangel Michael appears in the Crucible Trilogy by fantasy author Sara Douglas. He is portrayed as violent and an enforcer, a common view of angels in the Dark Ages. This article is about the phrase "Dark Age(s" as a characterization of the Early Middle Ages in Western Europe

The Archangel Michael was the title character, played by John Travolta, in the 1996 movie Michael. Michael is the title of an American fantasy motion picture released in 1996. The film was a comedy about an "unconventional angel" found living on Earth. Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and Cast member Robert Pastorelli described Michael in an interview as "God's bouncer. Robert Pastorelli ( June 21, 1954 &ndash March 8, 2004) was an American actor A bouncer or doorman is an informal term for Security guards employed at venues such as bars, Nightclubs or Concerts to provide "

In Diane Duane's Young Wizards series, Michael is one of the Powers That Be, and is described as "the One's champion". Diane Duane (born May 18, 1952) is an American Science fiction and Fantasy author Young Wizards is a series of Novels by Diane Duane. The Young Wizards series presently consists of eight books with a ninth expected in autumn He has two different incarnations inside mortal beings during the course of the series: first as an oracular macaw, and later as an Irish wizard who wields the Spear Lúin to defeat Balor, one of the many shadows of the Lone Power, or Satan. Macaws are small to large often colourful New World Parrots Of the many different Psittacidae (true parrots genera, six are classified as In Irish mythology, the Spear Lúin (originally Luisne, meaning 'flaming' or 'glaring' or Spear of Lugh is one of the Four Treasures of Ireland For the locality in Mangalore. see Bolar (Location. In Irish mythology, Balor ( Balar, Bolar) of the Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally

In Episode 13, Season 2 of the television show Supernatural, the character Sam points to an image on the church wall and says, "Father, that's Michael, right?", to which the Priest replies, "That's right. Supernatural is an American horror television series regarding the Paranormal. Samuel "Sam" Winchester is a Fictional character in The CW Television Network 's Supernatural, played by Jared Padalecki The archangel Michael, with the flaming sword. The fighter of demons, holy force against evil. "

Comics

Michael is a notable figure in the DC Comics series Lucifer written by Mike Carey. Michael Demiurgos is a fictional character in the Lucifer series by DC comics and is a creation of Mike Carey, based on the archangel Michael DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company Lucifer is a DC Comics character that starred in an eponymous Comic book published under the Vertigo Imprint. In this series, he is the brother of Lucifer Morningstar and is described as being the power of God as he holds the demiurgos inside his body which was used by God in the creation of the Universe. Lucifer releases this internal power inside an injured Michael and so births his own cosmos in the first story arc of the series.

The Archangel Michael is also prominently featured in the Chaos! Comics Lady Death book in 2001 titled "Love Bites". Chaos! Comics was a comic book publisher that operated until 2002 noimage=yes --> Lady Death is a Fictional character, a Comic book goddess created by Brian Pulido and Steven Michael narrates his adventures as being sent to persuade Lady Death to the good side before the coming apocalyptic war. At first, Lady Death finds contentment, but is thrown into a rage when she believes Michael to be insincere about his feelings.

In the Christian comic mini-series Archangels: The Saga published by Cactus Games Designs, the archangel Michael is God's champion who defeats a demonic overlord. What is unique to previous incarnations is that Michael's appearance is in contemporary/futuristic holy armor that is consistent with the superhero genre. In this version Michael is portrayed as a warrior of epic scale, with the ability to fly, produce defensive force shields against supernatural magic, project energy blasts, and wield a holy sword with expert skill.

Michael is also a prominent figure in the web comic Holy Bibble.

Film and Television

In the episode of Xena: Warrior Princess, "Fallen Angel", Michael was a warrior angel played by Charles Mesure that rescues the title character Xena played by Lucy Lawless and her sidekick friend Gabrielle played by Renee O'Connor after their souls were intercepted traveling to Heaven. Xena Warrior Princess is an American Television series that aired from September 15 1995 until June 18 2001 Charles Mesure (born on August 12, 1970 in Somerset, England) is an actor Xena is the main character in the television series Xena Warrior Princess and a recurring character on the series Hercules The Legendary Journeys Lucy Lawless (born Lucille Frances Ryan; 29 March 1968 is a New Zealand actress and Singer best known for playing the title character Michael battles hordes of demon angels once the plan was to make a final assault on Heaven. Michael was also instrumental in acquiring the final redemption to Xena's nemesis Callisto played by Hudson Leick. Callisto is a Fictional character in the fantasy TV series Xena Warrior Princess. Heidi Hudson Leick (born May 9, 1969 in Cincinnati Ohio) is an American actress best known for her role as Callisto The episode "Heart of Darkness", Michael again teams with Xena and Gabrielle to trick a cocky Archangel Lucifer deeper into his own sinful arrogance. The episode "The God you Know", has Michael enlisting the help of Xena and Gabrielle to put an end to the Emperor Caligula.

In the beginning of the film Gangs of New York 2002, 'Priest' Vallon shows his son a medallion and asks who is depicted upon it. Gangs of New York is a 2002 Bildungsroman film set in the mid-19th century in the Five Points district of New York City. In reply, his son Amsterdam says "St Michael". Vallon then asks "and what did he do", to this the Amsterdam said "he cast Satan out of paradise"

In the film "Ghost Rider" (2007), Johnny's study of heaven and hell led him to St. Ghost Rider is a 2007 Superhero film based on the fictional Marvel Comics character of the same name. Michael and the fallen angels of Air, Water and Earth. Ghost Rider himself is Fire, St. Gabriel's element, and he does battle with the three to save the world from an oncoming apocalypse. Their leader is Blackheart, the Prince of Hell. Blackheart is a Demon that appears in the fictional Marvel Universe.

There have been a number of New Age gurus who have 'channelled' messages from Archangel Michael. New Age ( New Age Movement and New Age Spirituality) is a Social Collective Phenomenon and a Spiritual Nature Most notable among these are Elizabeth Clare Prophet and Ronna Herman. Elizabeth Clare Prophet (born April 8, 1939) is an American who became the leader of the New religious movement The Summit Lighthouse

In the anime and manga series Shaman King, Michael is the Guardian Spirit of Marco, one of the X-Laws. is both an Anime series and a Manga series by Hiroyuki Takei. The X-Laws are the primary group of antiheroes in the Anime and Manga series Shaman King.

See also

Turamichele (Tower-Michael) in Augsburg / Germany
Turamichele (Tower-Michael) in Augsburg / Germany

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ Michael the Archangel. Patron Saints Index. Catholic Community Forum. Retrieved on 2007-12-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song.
  2. ^ http://www.brusselsinternational.be/wabxlint/organizer/contentlist.jsp?affback=1&nid=3426&cid=O.ORG.VGO&c=1
  3. ^ Analecta Bolland. , VIII, p 285-328
  4. ^ *Miracle of the Archangel Michael at Chonae
  5. ^ Young, Brigham (1852-04-09). Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) SELF-GOVERNMENT - MYSTERIES - RECREATION AND AMUSEMENTS, NOT IN THEMSELVES SINFUL - TITHING - ADAM, OUR FATHER AND OUR GOD. journalofdiscourses. org. Retrieved on 2007-06-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce.
  6. ^ Revelation 12:7-9
  7. ^ Sears, W. [1961] (2002). William Sears ( March 28, 1911 - March 25, 1992) was a prominent American Bahá'í teacher and writer Thief in the Night. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. ISBN 085398008x.  
  8. ^ Steiner, Rudolf [1917] (1994). in Christopher Bamford: The Archangel Michael. Hudson, NY: Anthroposophic Press. ISBN 0-88010-378-7.  

External links

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