The real was a currency of Mexico, issued until 1897. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. There were 16 silver reales to 1 gold escudo, with 8 tlacos to the real. The peso, which circulated alongside the real and eventually replaced it, was equal to 8 reales. The peso ( sign: $; code: MXN) is the currency of Mexico. The symbol used for the peso is " $ " basically
The first reales issued in Mexico were Spanish colonial reales. The real was the currency of Spain's colonies in The Americas. These were followed in 1822 by independent issues of Mexico. In 1863, Mexico began issuing a decimal currency based on the peso but coins denominated in reales (in particular 8 reales coins) continued to be minted until 1897.
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Coins
Colonial Period
Silver coins were issued in denominations of ¼, ½, 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales, with gold coins for ½, 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos. Between 1814 and 1821, copper coins were also issued for ⅛, ¼ and 2⁄4 tlaco.
War of Independence
During the Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821), numerous mints operated, providing coins for both the supporters and opponents of the Spanish crown. The Mexican War of Independence (1810 - 1821 was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities which started on September 16 1810 The Royalist issued coins at mints in Chihuahua, Durango, Guadalajara, Guanajuato, Nueva Viscaya, Oaxaca, Real del Catorce, San Fernando de Bexar, San Luis Potosi, Sombrerete, Valladolid Michoacan and Zacatecas. Durango (duˈɾaŋgo is one of the constituent States of Mexico. Guadalajara (ˌgwɑːdləˈhɑːrə Spanish pronunciation) is the capital city of the Mexican state of Jalisco, and the seat of the municipality Guanajuato is the name of a state in Mexico and that state's capital city as well as a river in the area The Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca ( Estado Libre y Soberano de Oaxaca), in Spanish phonemically /oa'xaka/ named for its largest city, is one of the San Luis Potosí is the name of both a state in Mexico and that state's capital city Sombrerete is a colonial city and its surrounding municipality of the same name located in western part of the Mexican state of Zacatecas. Zacatecas is one of the 31 constituent states of Mexico. It is located in the north-central region and it is bounded to the northwest by Durango Most Royalist issues were similar in style to the earlier colonial issues from the Mexico City mint with no new denominations issed. Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico
Insurgent coins were minted at various locations including Nueva Galicia, Oaxaca, Puebla and Veracruz. El Nuevo Reino de Galicia ( The New Kingdom of Galicia) or Nueva Galicia was a region of New Spain. Is a Mexican state located in the center east of the country to the east of Mexico City. Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave is one of the 31 states that constitute the republic of Mexico. There were also issues made in the names of the Supreme National Congress of America, the National Congress and the American Congress which, although considered Insurgent issues, bore the titles of Ferdinand VII. Early life In his youth he occupied the painful position of an heir apparent who was jealously excluded from all share in government by his parents and the royal favorite Both Royalists and Insurgents also issued countermarked pieces.
Empire of Iturbide
Between 1821 and 1823, coins were issued by the government of Agustin de Iturbide. Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu ( September 27, 1783 &ndash July 19, 1824) was Emperor of Mexico as Augustin There were copper ⅛ and ¼ real, silver ½, 1, 2 and 8 reales, and gold 4 and 8 escudos.
The obverses of the silver and gold coins carried a variety of portraits of the Emperor with the legend "August(inus) Dei Prov(identia)" and the date, or "Augustinus Dei Providentia" and the date. The reverse had several different versions of the Mexican eagle, a golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). The Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the best known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere It was a traditional symbol of the Aztecs, but it was changed according to European heraldic traditions (see Coat of Arms of Mexico). Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who achieved political The Coat of Arms of Mexico has been an important symbol of Mexican politics and culture for centuries The legends read "Mex I Imperator Constiiut" together with the denomination and assayer's initials.
Republic Issues
From 1824, the Republic of Mexico began issuing coins. There were silver ½, 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales, and gold ½, 1, 2, 4 and 8 escudos, with silver ¼ reales added in 1842. Copper coins for 1⁄16, ⅛ and ¼ real were issued both by the Federal government at the Mexico City mint and by the state governments at various mints around the country.
On the republic's coins, the Mexican eagle moved to the obverse, with the legend "Republica Mexicana". The reverse featured a liberty cap with rays behind. The Phrygian cap is a soft red conical cap with the top pulled forward worn in antiquity by the inhabitants of Phrygia, a region of central Anatolia The legend on the reverse reads "-denomination- -mintmark- -date- -assayer's initials- 10 Ds. 20 Gs. " Mexico used the medieval system of dineros and granos to measure the fineness of their coins, twelve dineros designating pure silver with each dinero divided into 24 granos. A coin of 10 Ds. 20 Gs equated to . 902777 fine.
The brief reign of Maximillian interrupted the production of republic type coins and many of the denominations ceased production either in 1863 or by 1870, as the decimal currency based on the peso was introduced. Maximilian I Emperor of Mexico (Emperador Maximiliano I de México (6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867 (born Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph was a member of Austria However, 8 reales coins continued in production until 1897.
References
Krause, Chester L. and Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801-1991, 18th ed. The Standard Catalog of World Coins is a series of numismatic Catalogs commonly known as the Krause catalogs in the Numismatic hobby , Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-150-1.
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