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The literature of Mexico has its antecedents in the literatures of the indigenous settlements of Mesoamerica. Mesoamerica or Meso-America (Mesoamérica is a Region extending approximately from central Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua, defined The "mestizaje" of the literature of the colonial period is evident in the incorporation of numerous local terms and in some of the themes that are touched upon in works of the period. During this period, New Spain spawned baroque writers such as Bernardo de Balbuena, Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, Juan Ruiz de Alarcón and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. Bernardo de Balbuena (c 1561 - October 1627) was a Latin American poet Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora ( August 14, 1645 &ndash August 22, 1700) was one of the first great Intellectuals born in the Juan Ruiz de Alarcón y Mendoza (1581? Real de Taxco, now in Guerrero - August 4, 1639) one of the greatest Spanish-American dramatists Sor Juana ( November 12, 1651 1648 according to some biographers &ndash April 17, 1695) also known as Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

Toward the end of the colonial period there emerged figures such as José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi, whose work is considered emblematic of Mexican picaresque. José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi (1776 - 1827 Mexican writer and political Journalist, best known as the author of El Periquillo Sarniento The picaresque novel ( Spanish: "picaresca", from "pícaro", for " Rogue " or " Rascal " is a Due to the political instability of the 19th century, Mexico—already an independent nation—saw a decline not only in its literature but in the other arts as well. During the second half of the 19th century Mexican literature became revitalized with works such as Los Mexicanos Pintados Por Si Mismos, a book that gives us an approximate idea of how intellectuals of the period saw their contemporaries. Toward the end of the century Mexican writers adopted the common tendencies of the period. Two modernist poets that stand out are Amado Nervo and Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera. Amado Nervo (real name Juan Crisóstomo Ruiz de Nervo) ( August 27, 1870 – May 24, 1919) was a Mexican Poet Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera ( December 22, 1858 - February 3, 1895) was a Mexican writer and political figure

The inception of the Mexican Revolution favored the growth of the journalistic genre. The Mexican Revolution (Revolución Mexicana was a major armed struggle that started with an uprising led by Francisco I Once the civil conflict ended, the theme of the Revolution appeared as a theme in novels, stories and plays by Mariano Azuela and Rodolfo Usigli. Mariano Azuela González ( January 1, 1873 &ndash March 1, 1952) was a Mexican author and physician best known for his fictional Rodolfo Usigli (born November 17, 1905 - died June 1979 was a Mexican playwright This tendency would anticipate the flowering of a nationalist literature, which took shape in the works of writers such as Rosario Castellanos and Juan Rulfo. Rosario Castellanos ( 25 May 1925 &ndash 7 August 1974) was a Mexican poet and author Juan Rulfo ( 16 May 1917 &ndash 7 January 1986) was a Mexican Novelist, short story writer and photographer There also appeared on the scene an "indigenous literature," which purported to depict the life and thought of the indigeneous people's of Mexico, although, ironically, none of the authors of this movement were indigeneous. Among them Ricardo Pozas and Francisco Rojas Gonzalez stand out.

There also developed less mainstream movements such as that of the "estridentistas," with figures that include Arqueles Vela and Manuel Maples Arce (1920's). Other literary movements include that of "Los Contemporaneos," which was represented by writers like Salvador Novo, Xavier Villaurrutia and José Gorostiza. Salvador Novo López ( 30 July 1904 &ndash 13 January 1974) was a Mexican Writer, poet, Playwright Xavier Villaurrutia y González ( 27 August 1903 – 31 December 1950) was a Mexican Poet and Playwright Toward the end of the 20th century Mexican literature had become diversified in themes, styles and genres. In 1990 Octavio Paz became the first Mexican—and up until this point the only one—to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. Octavio Peazy Paz " ( March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican Writer, Poet, and diplomat The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred

Contents

Chronology

Name Date Name Date Name Date Name Date
Nezahualcóyotl 1402-1472 Juan Ruiz de Alarcón 1581-1639 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 1651-1695 José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi 1776-1827
Ignacio Ramírez 1818-1879 Ignacio Manuel Altamirano 1834-1893 José Rosas Moreno 1838-1883 Manuel Acuña 1849-1873
Juan de Dios Peza 1852-1910 Salvador Díaz Mirón 1853-1928 Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera 1858-1895 Manuel José Othón 1858-1906
Luis Gonzaga Urbina 1864-1934 Federico Gamboa 1864-1939 Amado Nervo 1870-1919 Mariano Azuela 1873-1952
Alfonso Reyes 1889-1959 Bruno Traven 1890-1969 Carlos Pellicer 1899-1977 José Gorostiza 1901-1973
Xavier Villaurrutia 1903-1951 Agustín Yáñez 1904-1980 Salvador Novo 1904-1974 Francisco Tario 1911-1977
Octavio Paz 1914-1998 José Revueltas 1914-1976 Elena Garro 1917-1998 Alí Chumacero 1918
Juan José Arreola 1918-2001 Juan Rulfo 1918-1986 Guadalupe 'Pita' Amor 1918-2000 José Luis Martínez 1918-2007
Ricardo Garibay 1923-1999 Rosario Castellanos 1925-1974 Jaime Sabines 1926-1999 Tomás Segovia 1927
Jorge Ibargüengoitia 1928-1983 Inés Arredondo 1928-1989 Carlos Fuentes 1928 Héctor Azar 1930-2000
Margo Glantz 1930 Salvador Elizondo 1932-2006 Elena Poniatowska 1932 Juan García Ponce 1932-2003
Vicente Leñero 1933 Sergio Pitol 1933 Gabriel Zaid 1934 Gerardo Deniz 1934
Fernando del Paso 1935 José Carlos Becerra 1937-1970 Francisco Cervantes 1938-2005 Carlos Monsiváis 1938
José Emilio Pacheco 1939 Jesús Gardea 1939-2000 Eduardo Lizalde 1939 Homero Aridjis 1940
Esther Seligson 1941 Héctor Aguilar Camín 1946 Guillermo Samperio 1948 Paco Ignacio Taibo II 1949
Angeles Mastretta 1949 Laura Esquivel 1950 Coral Bracho 1951 Carmen Boullosa 1954
Juan Villoro 1956 Fernando Nachón 1957 Mario Bellatin 1960 Cristina Rivera Garza 1964 Santiago Herrera Mensia Carlos III 1992

Awards

Nobel Prize for Literature: Octavio Paz; Cervantes Prize: Octavio Paz, Carlos Fuentes, Sergio Pitol; Neustadt Prize: Octavio Paz, Carlos Fuentes (candidate), Homero Aridjis (candidate); Jerusalem Prize: Octavio Paz; Alfonso Reyes Prize: Octavio Paz, Juan José Arreola, José Emilio Pacheco, Ali Chumacero, José Luis Martínez, Ramón Xirau, Rubén Bonifaz Nuño, National Prize for Literature: Octavio Paz, Sergio Pitol, Juan Rulfo, Carlos Monsivais, Juan José Arreola, Margo Glantz, Elena Poniatowska, Ali Chumacero, Vicente Leñero, Mariano Azuela, Alfonso Reyes, Jaime Sabines; Menendez y Pelayo International Prize: Octavio Paz, Carlos Fuentes, José Luis Martínez; Prince of Asturias Award: Carlos Fuentes, Juan Rulfo; Guggenheim Fellowship: Sergio Pitol, Homero Aridjis, Juan García Ponce, Margo Glantz, Elena Poniatowska, Fernando del Paso, Vicente Leñero, Ramón Xirau, Rubén Bonifaz Nuño; Romulo Gallegos Prize: Carlos Fuentes, Elena Poniatowska, Fernando del Paso, Ángeles Mastretta; Federico Garcia Lorca Prize: José Emilio Pacheco; Juan Rulfo Prize: Sergio Pitol, Carlos Monsiváis, Tomás Segovia, Juan José Arreola, Juan García Ponce; Octavio Paz Prize: Tomás Segovia, José Emilio Pacheco. Nezahualcoyotl (Nezahualcoyōtl nesawaɬˈkojoːtɬ (meaning "Coyote in fast" or "Coyote who Fasts"( April 28 1402 &ndash June 4 Juan Ruiz de Alarcón y Mendoza (1581? Real de Taxco, now in Guerrero - August 4, 1639) one of the greatest Spanish-American dramatists Sor Juana ( November 12, 1651 1648 according to some biographers &ndash April 17, 1695) also known as Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi (1776 - 1827 Mexican writer and political Journalist, best known as the author of El Periquillo Sarniento Ignacio Ramírez Calzada ( 23 June 1818 - 15 June 1879) was a Mexican writer poet journalist lawyer atheist and political Ignacio Manuel Altamirano Basilio (1834 – 13 February 1893) was a Mexican Writer, Journalist, Teacher and Politician José Rosas Moreno ( August 14, 1838 – July 13, 1883) was a Mexican writer of fables of the 19th century son of Don Ignacio Rosas Manuel Acuña Narro ( 27 August 1849 &ndash 6 December 1873) was a 19th-century Mexican writer Salvador Díaz Mirón ( December 14, 1853 - June 12, 1928) was a Mexican Poet. Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera ( December 22, 1858 - February 3, 1895) was a Mexican writer and political figure Amado Nervo (real name Juan Crisóstomo Ruiz de Nervo) ( August 27, 1870 – May 24, 1919) was a Mexican Poet Mariano Azuela González ( January 1, 1873 &ndash March 1, 1952) was a Mexican author and physician best known for his fictional For the professional basketball player see Alfonso Reyes (basketball Alfonso Reyes Ochoa ( 17 May 1889, Monterrey B Traven (dates unknown possibly 1890-1969 was the Nom de plume of an enigmatic Twentieth Century Novelist whose most famous work is the novel The Treasure Carlos Pellicer Cámara ( January 16, 1897 &ndash February 16, 1977) born in Villahermosa, Tabasco, was part of the Xavier Villaurrutia y González ( 27 August 1903 – 31 December 1950) was a Mexican Poet and Playwright Agustín Yáñez Delgadillo (1904 in Guadalajara, Jalisco – 1980 in Mexico City) was a notable Mexican writer and politician who served as Salvador Novo López ( 30 July 1904 &ndash 13 January 1974) was a Mexican Writer, poet, Playwright Octavio Peazy Paz " ( March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican Writer, Poet, and diplomat José Revueltas Sánchez ( 20 November 1914– 14 April 1976) was a Mexican Writer, Essayist, and political activist Elena Garro ( December 12, 1916 – August 22, 1998) was a Mexican writer Alí Chumacero Lora ( July 9, 1918 in Acaponeta, Nayarit) is a notable Mexican Poet. Juan José Arreola Zúñiga ( September 21, 1918 – December 3, 2001) was a Mexican writer and academic Juan Rulfo ( 16 May 1917 &ndash 7 January 1986) was a Mexican Novelist, short story writer and photographer Rosario Castellanos ( 25 May 1925 &ndash 7 August 1974) was a Mexican poet and author Jaime Sabines Gutiérrez ( March 25, 1926 - March 19, 1999) is arguably Mexico's most influential contemporary poet Tomás Segovia (born 1927, Valencia) is a Mexican author and poet of Spanish origin Jorge Ibargüengoitia Antillón ( Guanajuato, Mexico, January 22, 1928 - Madrid, November 27, 1983) was a Carlos Fuentes Macías (born March 11,1928 is a Mexican writer and one of the best-known living novelists and essayists in the Spanish -speaking world Margo Glantz ( born January 28, 1930 in Mexico City) is a Mexican writer essayist critic and academic Salvador Elizondo Alcalde ( Mexico City, December 19 1932 - March 29 2006) was a Mexican writer of the 60s Generation Elena Poniatowska (born May 19 1932 in Paris France as Princess Hélène Elizabeth Louise Amélie Paula Dolores Poniatowska Amor) is a Polish - Mexican Juan García Ponce ( September 22[[ 932]]&mdash December 27 2003) was a Mexican novelist, short-story writer essayist translator and critic of Vicente Leñero (born June 9, 1933 in Guadalajara Jalisco) is a Mexican novelist journalist and playwright Sergio Pitol Demeneghi (b 18 March 1933 in Puebla) is a prominent Mexican writer and diplomat Gabriel Zaid is a Mexican writer Poet and intellectual He was born in the city of Monterrey, Nuevo León, in 1934 Fernando del Paso Morante (born April 1 1935 is a Mexican novelist essayist and poet Carlos Monsiváis Aceves (born May 4, 1938, in Mexico City) is a Mexican Writer and Journalist on the El José Emilio Pacheco (born June 30, 1939 in Mexico City) is a Mexican Poet, Essayist, Translator, Novelist Jesús Gardea Rocha ( Delicias, Chihuahua, Mexico; July 2, 1939 - March 2, 2000) was a Mexican writer Homero Aridjis (b April 6, 1940) is a Mexican writer and diplomat Héctor Aguilar Camín (b July 9, 1946 in Chetumal) is a Mexican writer journalist and historian Paco Ignacio Taibo II (born 11 January, 1949 in Gijón, Asturias) birth name Francisco Ignacio Taibo Mahojo, has lived in Mexico Ángeles Mastretta (born October 9, 1949, in Puebla) is a Mexican Author and Journalist. Laura Esquivel (born September 30, 1950) is a Mexican author making a noted contribution to Latin-American literature. Coral Bracho (b 1951 Mexico City) is a Mexican poet translator and doctor of Literature. Carmen Boullosa (b September 4, 1954 in Mexico City, Mexico) is a leading Mexican poet novelist and playwright Juan Villoro ( Mexico City, 1956 is a Mexican writer and journalist The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred Premio Miguel de Cervantes (the Miguel de Cervantes Prize is awarded annually to honor the lifetime achievement of an outstanding writer in the Spanish language. The Neustadt International Prize for Literature is a biennial award for literature sponsored by the University of Oklahoma and its international literary publication The Jerusalem Prize for the Freedom of the Individual in Society is a biennial Literary award given to Writers whose work has dealt with themes of human freedom society The Alfonso Reyes International Prize (Spanish Premio Internacional Alfonso Reyes) is a Mexican award given for contributions to the world of literature The Prince of Asturias Awards ( Spanish: Premios Príncipe de Asturias, Asturian: Premios Príncipe d'Asturies) is a series of prestigious annual Guggenheim Fellowships are American grants that have been awarded annually since 1925 by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those "who The Rómulo Gallegos International Novel Prize ( Spanish: Premio internacional de novela Rómulo Gallegos was created on 6 August 1964 by

Further reading

English:

Spanish:

See also

External links

References

Octavio Paz Nobel Prize Cervantes Prize Neustadt Prize National Prize Alfonso Reyes Prize Jerusalem Prize Menendez y Pelayo Prize Doctor Honoris Causa Latin American literature rose to particular prominence during the second half of the 20th century largely thanks to the international success of the style known as Magical realism The Crack Movement, or literature of the Crack generation ( Spanish: la generación del 'crack' was a literary movement in Mexico in the mid-1990s formed by
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