Metropolitan Manila

Regional center	Manila
Population	11,553,427[1] (2007)
– Density	18,166 per km²
Area	636 km²
Divisions
– Provinces	—
– Cities	16
– Municipalities	1
– Barangays	1694
– Cong. districts	27
Languages	Filipino, English, others

Metropolitan Manila (Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) or the National Capital Region (NCR) (Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon) is the metropolitan area of the city of Manila, the national capital of the Philippines. The City of Manila The provinces of the Philippines are the primary administrative divisions of the Philippines. A city ( lungsod, or sometimes siyudad, in Filipino and Tagalog) is a tier of local government in the Philippines A municipality ( bayan, sometimes munisipyo in Cebuano or used infrequently in Tagalog) is a local government unit in the Philippines This article refers to a political administrative division See Barangay Ginebra Kings for other uses The House of Representatives of the Philippines ( Filipino: Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas) is the lower chamber of the Congress of the Philippines Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States In Philippines there are over 170 languages almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Capital Region, also National Capital Region, is a common term for the region or district surrounding the Capital city a country or any other administrative division Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The City of Manila The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Its residential population of 11,553,427 (1-Aug-2007 census). Including suburbs in the adjacent provinces (Laguna, Cavite, Rizal, Bulacan) Greater Metro Manila, has population about 22 mln (1-Aug-2007 census). Laguna is a province of the Philippines found in the CALABARZON region in Luzón. Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the Calabarzon region in Luzon, Rizal is a province of the Philippines located in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 20 kilometers east of Manila. This article is about the province For the municipality see Bulacan Bulacan. Metro Manila is one of the two defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines, the other being Metro Cebu. FROM OLD INFOBOX map_file = Ph_locator_cebu_metro_cebupng | 100px | cities = 7 | municipalities = 6 | barangays = 349 | districts

In 2005, it ranked as the 42nd richest urban agglomeration in the world with a GDP of $108 billion according to PriceWaterhouseCoopers. PricewaterhouseCoopers (or PwC is one of the world's largest Professional services firms Metro Manila is expected to climb to the 30th spot by 2020 with a GDP of $257 billion and an annual growth rate of 5. 9%. ^[1]

As proclaimed by Presidential Decree No. 940, Metro Manila as a whole is the Philippines' seat of government although only the City of Manila is the capital. The seat of government is the location of the government for a political entity. The City of Manila ^[2]

Contents 1 Geography 2 History 3 Geography and climate 4 Government 5 Economy 5.1 Business districts 5.2 Shopping centers 5.3 Wealth extremes 6 Recreation 7 Transportation 7.1 Roadways 7.2 Railways 7.3 Airports 8 Demographics 9 Education 10 Police and security 11 Public utilities 11.1 Electricity 11.2 Water 11.3 Communications 11.4 Garbage 12 Metropolitan Manila Development Authority 13 See also 14 References 15 External links

Geography

Metro Manila is situated on an isthmus bounded by Manila Bay to the west and Laguna de Bay to the south-east and divided by Pasig River that links the two bodies of water. An isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas Manila Bay is a natural Harbor which serves the Port of Manila (on Luzon) in the Philippines. Laguna de Bay (English translation "Lake of Bay " commonly called as "Laguna Lake" is the largest Lake in the Philippines and the third The Pasig River (called Ilog Pasig in Filipino) is a River in the Philippines and connects Laguna de Bay (via the Napindan Channel ^[3] The city lies on a wide flood plain that is one of the biggest in the country. ||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||}A floodplain, or flood plain, is flat or nearly flat land adjacent to a Stream or River that experiences occasional or periodic The area is bounded by Bulacan to the north, Rizal to the east, Laguna to the south and Cavite to the southwest. This article is about the province For the municipality see Bulacan Bulacan. Rizal is a province of the Philippines located in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 20 kilometers east of Manila. Laguna is a province of the Philippines found in the CALABARZON region in Luzón. Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the Calabarzon region in Luzon,

Metro Manila is the general term for the metropolitan area that contains the city of Manila, as well as fifteen surrounding cities including Quezon City, the capital from 1948 to 1976, and the Municipality of Pateros. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The City of Manila Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous The Municipality of Pateros ( Filipino: Bayan ng Pateros) is the only municipality in Metro Manila The name "Metro Manila" came about and was generally adapted in the 1980s as previously, cities which are now part of the MM area were part of the neighbouring provinces. The provinces of the Philippines are the primary administrative divisions of the Philippines. Metro Manila is the political, economic, social, and cultural center of the Philippines, and is one of the more modern metropolises in Southeast Asia. It is much more economically developed compared to the other major cities in the country. Among locals, particularly those from central Manila and those in the surrounding provinces, Metro Manila is often simply referred to as Manila; however locals from other parts of the metropolis may see this as offensive, owing to city pride and also the fact that some cities are actually geographically closer to the neighboring provinces than to Manila itself. Metro Manila is often abbreviated as M. M. . The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) is a governing body which is made up of the cities and municipalities in the area, located in Makati City. History February 27 1975 President Ferdinand Marcos issued Presidential Decree 824 creating the Metropolitan Manila Commission (MMC The City of Makati, or simply

Metro Manila is the smallest of the country's administrative regions, but the most populous and the most densely populated, having a population of 11,553,427 (2007 census) in an area of only 636 square kilometers. In the Philippines, regions ( Filpino: rehiyon, ISO 3166-2PH) are administrative division that serve primarily to organize the 81 A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population It is also the only region without any provinces, instead being subdivided into 17 local government areas, with 16 cities and one municipality. The provinces of the Philippines are the primary administrative divisions of the Philippines.

The term Metro Manila should not be confused with the metro rail system of the region, and the word metro itself always describes the metropolitan area (as in the metro). The Strong Republic Transit System is a project of the Office of the President designed to integrate the Rail transport infrastructure already present in Metro The railways are called by their abbreviations, such as the LRT and the MRT, also known as Light Rail Transit and Metro Rail Transit, respectively.

On paper, Manila is the designated capital and seat of the Philippine government, but in practice, the seats of government are all around Metro Manila. The City of Manila The executive and administrative seat of government is located in Manila, so is the judiciary. The upper house of the legislature (Senate of the Philippines) is located in Pasay City, and the lower house (House of Representatives of the Philippines) in Quezon City. The Senate of the Philippines ( Filipino: Senádo ng Pilipínas) is the upper chamber of the bicameral Legislature of the Philippines, the The City of Pasay ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasay) is one of the cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila in the The House of Representatives of the Philippines ( Filipino: Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas) is the lower chamber of the Congress of the Philippines Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous

History

Manila was first founded in June 24, 1571 by three Spanish conquistadors, led by Martín de Goiti, Juan de Salcedo and Miguel López de Legazpi. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place This article is about the Spanish explorer soldiers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuriesfor other uses see Conquistador (disambiguation A Conquistador Martín de Goiti (15?? &ndash 1574) was a Spanish Basque Conquistador and founder of the city of Manila. Juan de Salcedo ( 1549 &ndash March 11, 1576) was a Spanish Conquistador. Miguel López de Legazpi ( 1502 &ndash August 20, 1572) also known as El Adelantado (The Governor and El Viejo (The Elder In 1867, the Spanish Government of the Philippines founded the municipalities and territories south of the District of Morong in Nueva Ecija, north of the Province of Tondo and Imperial Manila, and isolated these from their mother province-Nueva Ecija. The Government created the Province of Manila composed of the Province of Tondo to the south and the isolated territories of Nueva Ecija to the north. The parts of Tondo were Navotas, Malabon, and Caloocan; and the parts of Nueva Ecija were Mariquina, Balintawak, Caloocan, Pasig, San Felipe Neri (presently called Makati), Las Piñas, what had been known as Paranaque, and Muntinlupa were combined to form the Province of Manila. The capital of the Province was Intramuros, then itself called and considered to be Manila, a walled city located along the banks of Pasig River and Manila Bay in the present Manila. History Pre-hispanic settlement The site of Intramuros was originally a large Malayan-Islamic settlement named "Maynilad" ruled by Datus Rajahs

In 1897, while the Imperial City of Manila is being prepared for industrialization, most houses in Tondo were demolished to give way to railroad construction. One of those whose house was demolished was Andres Bonifacio, the founder of the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangan, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Supreme and Revered Union of the Children of the Nation) or KKK, a secret organization which aimed towards independence and self-governance away from the Spanish government. In 1896, the Cry of Balintawak was initiated, an event which denounces the Spanish authority by tearing their cedulas or residence tax slips. On December 30, 1896, Jose Rizal, the Philippine National Hero, was executed by the Spanish government in Bagumbayan, an execution site near Intramuros. Dr José P Rizal (full name José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda) (June 19 1861 – December 30 1896 was a Filipino Polymath, This event led to the Filipino uprising against Spain. Likewise, The Province of Manila was the 8th and last Province to revolt against Spain paving the establishment of the Federated Philippine Republics (composed of Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Bulacan, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas, Cavite and Manila). Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region Pampanga is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. This article is about the province For the municipality see Bulacan Bulacan. For the city see Tarlac City. For the river see Tarlac River. Laguna is a province of the Philippines found in the CALABARZON region in Luzón. This article is about the province For the city see Batangas City. Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the Calabarzon region in Luzon, The Province remained in existence until 1901, when its territory was subdivided by the Americans.

In 1901, the Philippine Assembly created the City of Manila composed of the Municipalities of Ermita, Intramuros or Imperial City of Manila, Tondo, Santa Cruz, Sta. Ana, San Nicolas, San Miguel, Paco, Port Area, Pandacan, Sampaloc, Quiapo, Binondo and others. History Pre-hispanic settlement The site of Intramuros was originally a large Malayan-Islamic settlement named "Maynilad" ruled by Datus Rajahs History See also Ancient Tondo The former region of Tondo is over eleven hundred years old History Spanish colonial era Prior to the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors to the Philippines the district of Santa Cruz was partly a marshland patches Origin of the name The original name of Sta Ana before the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors was “ Namayan,” a small settlement that was ruled San Nicolas or San Nicolás (" Saint Nicholas " may refer to: San Nicolás de los Arroyos, in the province of Buenos Aires History Paco was formerly known as Dilao because of plants that produce yellow color were once plentiful in this district Origin of the name When Spanish colonizers reached the area of what is now known as Pandacan the native pandan tree (Scientific name Pandanus fascicularis Lam Hidalgo Street in Quiapo Photographers' Haven Felix R Hidalgo Street in Quiapo is a hodge podge of knick-knack vendors covering legitimate business establishments mostly Barangays The word Binondo came from the word Binundok which means mountain or boondocks Some Assemblymen included the municipalities of Caloocan, Marikina, Pasig, Parañaque, Malabon, Navotas, San Juan, Makati, Mandaluyong (San Felipe Neri), Las Piñas, Muntinglupa and Taguig-Pateros to a new province named Rizal. The capital of the province was Pasig.

In 1941 as an emergency measure, President Manuel L. Quezon created the City of Greater Manila, merging the city and municipal governments of Manila, Quezon City, San Juan del Monte, Caloocan, etc. Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (b August 19, 1878 in Baler Aurora, Philippines - d and appointing Jorge Vargas as Mayor. Jorge Vargas may refer to Jorge B Vargas, Filipino lawyer and youth advocate Jorge Vargas González, Chilean politic mayor of Pichilemu Existing mayors of the included cities and municipalities served as vice-mayors for their areas. This was in order to ensure Vargas, who was Quezon's principal lieutenant for administrative matters, would have a position of authority that would be recognized under international military law. There were doubts if the Japanese Imperial Army poised to occupy Manila would recognize the authorities of members of the Quezon cabinet. The City of Greater Manila was abolished by the Japanese with the formation of the Philippine Executive Commission to govern the occupied regions of the country. As an administrative concept, however, the City of Greater Manila served as a model for Metro Manila and the position of Metro Manila governor established during the Marcos administration.

In 1976, owing a great respect to the history of Manila, President Ferdinand Marcos issued Presidential Decree 824, creating the Metropolitan Manila Area. Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos ( September 11, 1917 &ndash September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986 The site of the old province of Manila can no longer be used for agricultural purposes and therefore the term 'province' is not applicable. The decree seceded the 12 municipalities and 3 cities of Rizal, the municipality of Valenzuela in Bulacan, Quezon City and Manila. The Metropolitan Manila Commission is created to administer the emerging metropolis. Marcos appointed his wife Imelda Marcos as governor of Metro Manila. Imelda Remedios Visitacion Romualdez-Marcos (born Imelda Remedios Visitacion Trinidad Romualdez on July 2, 1929 in Manila) is the widow

In 1986, after a major government reorganization, President Corazon Aquino issued Executive Order No. María Corazón Cojuangco-Aquino (born María Corazón Sumulong Cojuangco on January 25, 1933) widely known as Cory Aquino, was the 11th 392 and changed the structure of the Metropolitan Manila Commission and renamed it to Metropolitan Manila Authority. Metro Manila Mayors chose from themselves as chair of the agency.

In 1995, through Republic Act 7924, Metro Manila Authority was reorganized and became the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority. History February 27 1975 President Ferdinand Marcos issued Presidential Decree 824 creating the Metropolitan Manila Commission (MMC The chair of the agency is appointed by the President and should not have a concurrent elected position such as mayor.

Geography and climate

Metro Manila is located at 14°40' N 121°3 E. The metropolitan area lies entirely on a swampy isthmus with an average elevation of 10 metres. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central An isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas Manila Manila Bay lies to the west and Laguna de Bay to the south-east. Manila Bay is a natural Harbor which serves the Port of Manila (on Luzon) in the Philippines. Laguna de Bay (English translation "Lake of Bay " commonly called as "Laguna Lake" is the largest Lake in the Philippines and the third It is bordered by the provinces of Bulacan to the north, Rizal to the east, Cavite to the south-west and Laguna to the south. A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. This article is about the province For the municipality see Bulacan Bulacan. Rizal is a province of the Philippines located in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 20 kilometers east of Manila. Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the Calabarzon region in Luzon, Laguna is a province of the Philippines found in the CALABARZON region in Luzón.

Metro Manila's primary waterway is the Pasig River, which bisects the isthmus. The Pasig River (called Ilog Pasig in Filipino) is a River in the Philippines and connects Laguna de Bay (via the Napindan Channel It originates in Laguna de Bay, marking the borders between Makati City and Mandaluyong City, as well as between Pasig City and Taguig, then passing through Manila before draining into Manila Bay. The City of Makati, or simply The City of Mandaluyong ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Mandaluyong) is one of the cities and municipalities that comprise Metro Manila in the Philippines This article is for the city for the river see Pasig River. The City of Pasig ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasig) is one of the cities and municipalities Taguig (formerly spelled as Tagig; Filipino: Lungsod ng Taguig) is a city in Metro Manila The City of Manila The river is severely polluted from municipal waste.

Under the Köppen climate classification system, Metro Manila has a tropical monsoon climate with no distinctive seasons. Together with the rest of the Philippines, Metro Manila lies entirely within the tropics. Its proximity to the equator means that the temperature range is very small, rarely ever going lower than 20°C and going higher than 38°C. The equator (sometimes referred to colloquially as "the Line") is the intersection of the Earth 's surface with the plane perpendicular to the The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. However, humidity levels are usually very high which makes it feel much warmer. It has a distinct dry season from November to May, and a wet season from June to October, when it is constantly affected by typhoons from the Pacific Ocean (although typhoons rarely directly hit the metropolis, with an average of one hit every 10 years) the last major typhoon, Typhoon Xangsane or locally known as Milenyo) to hit just September of 2006 causing major damage to the city as well as surrounding provinces. The dry season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the Tropics. A wet season or rainy season is a Season in which the average Rainfall in a region is significantly increased The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Typhoon Xangsane (international designation 0615, JTWC designation 18W, PAGASA name Typhoon Milenyo) was a deadly typhoon that affected

Weather averages for Metro Manila, Philippines
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	30 (86)	31 (88)	32 (90)	33 (91)	33 (91)	32 (90)	31 (88)	30 (86)	31 (88)	30 (86)	30 (86)	30 (86)	31 (88)
Average low °C (°F)	21 (70)	22 (72)	22 (72)	24 (75)	25 (77)	25 (77)	24 (75)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	22 (72)	23 (73)
Precipitation cm (inches)	2	1	1	3	12	26	40	36	34	19	13	6	197
Source: Weatherbase[4] Feb 2007

Government

Metro Manila collectively doesn't have political power. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric The highest political division are the sixteen cities and the Municipality of Pateros which has political power independent from each other. A city ( lungsod, or sometimes siyudad, in Filipino and Tagalog) is a tier of local government in the Philippines A municipality ( bayan, sometimes munisipyo in Cebuano or used infrequently in Tagalog) is a local government unit in the Philippines The Municipality of Pateros ( Filipino: Bayan ng Pateros) is the only municipality in Metro Manila Each is governed by a mayor who belongs to the Metro Manila Mayor's League, which is part of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA). History February 27 1975 President Ferdinand Marcos issued Presidential Decree 824 creating the Metropolitan Manila Commission (MMC Each city is classified as a highly urbanized city, and all

	Local government unit	Population (2000 census)	Area (km²)	Pop. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of density (per km²)	Annual pop. growth rate	Per capita income	Cityhood
	Caloocan	1,177,604	53. The City of Caloocan, ( 33	22,081	. 97	$8,986	1962
	Las Piñas	528,011	41. The City of Las Piñas ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Las Piñas) (population 472780 2000 Census is a city in the National 54	12,710	1. 04	$7,978	1997
	Makati	444,867	27. The City of Makati, or simply 36	16,260	-. 12	$21,259	1995
	Malabon	338,855	15. The City of Malabon is one of the cities and municipalities in the Philippines that make up Metro Manila. 76	21,501	1. 13	$3,634	2001
	Mandaluyong	278,474	11. The City of Mandaluyong ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Mandaluyong) is one of the cities and municipalities that comprise Metro Manila in the Philippines 26	24,731	-. 09	$17,258	1994
	Manila	1,581,082	38. The City of Manila 55	41,014	-. 06	$7,867	1574
	Marikina	391,170	33. The City of Marikina ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Marikina or simply Marikina) known as the Shoe Capital 97	11,515	. 98	$9,786	1996
	Muntinlupa	379,310	46. 70	8,122	1. 14	$11,215	1995
	Navotas	230,403	10. Navotas is a city in Metro Manila, Philippines. The city occupies a narrow strip of land along the eastern 77	21,393	1. 23	$4,276	2007
	Parañaque	449,811	47. The City of Parañaque (pop 449811 2000 Census or simply Parañaque ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Parañaque 69	9,432	. 99	$8,241	1998
	Pasay	354,908	19. The City of Pasay ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasay) is one of the cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila in the 00	18,679	1. 43	$5,931	1947
	Pasig	505,058	31. This article is for the city for the river see Pasig River. The City of Pasig ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasig) is one of the cities and municipalities 00	16,292	1. 32	$10,258	1995
	Pateros	57,407	2. The Municipality of Pateros ( Filipino: Bayan ng Pateros) is the only municipality in Metro Manila 10	27,337	1. 46	$2,978	Not a city
	Quezon City	2,173,831	161. Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous 12	13,492	. 78	$9,672	1939
	San Juan	117,680	5. For the capital city of Puerto Rico see San Juan Puerto Rico. 94	19,811	. 78	$13,253	2007
	Taguig	467,375	47. Taguig (formerly spelled as Tagig; Filipino: Lungsod ng Taguig) is a city in Metro Manila 88	9,761	1. 09	$10,078	2004
	Valenzuela	485,433	44. The City of Valenzuela 58	10,889	1. 23	$6,231	1998
	Total	9,961,279	638. 55	17,942	0. 90	$9,347

Unlike other regions which are divided into provinces, Metro Manila or the National Capital Region (NCR) is divided into four nonfunctioning districts, which are grouped according to geographical basis in reference to the Pasig River. The provinces of the Philippines are the primary administrative divisions of the Philippines. The Pasig River (called Ilog Pasig in Filipino) is a River in the Philippines and connects Laguna de Bay (via the Napindan Channel These districts were created in 1976 but have no local government and no congressional representation, in contrast to that of the provinces. These districts are used mostly for fiscal and statistical purposes.

The cities and municipalities within the NCR are grouped into the four districts as follows:

#	Alternate Name	City/Cities
1	The Capital District	Manila
2	Eastern Manila District	Mandaluyong City, Marikina City, Pasig City, Quezon City, and San Juan City
3	CAMANAVA District	Caloocan City, Malabon City, Navotas City, and Valenzuela City
4	Southern Manila District	Las Piñas City, Makati City, Muntinlupa City, Parañaque City, Pasay City, Pateros, and Taguig City

The cities and Pateros are independent from each other politically but several services such as traffic and flood control are handled collectively by the MMDA under the Office of the President. The City of Manila The City of Mandaluyong ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Mandaluyong) is one of the cities and municipalities that comprise Metro Manila in the Philippines The City of Marikina ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Marikina or simply Marikina) known as the Shoe Capital This article is for the city for the river see Pasig River. The City of Pasig ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasig) is one of the cities and municipalities Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous For the capital city of Puerto Rico see San Juan Puerto Rico. The City of Caloocan, ( The City of Malabon is one of the cities and municipalities in the Philippines that make up Metro Manila. Navotas is a city in Metro Manila, Philippines. The city occupies a narrow strip of land along the eastern The City of Valenzuela The City of Las Piñas ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Las Piñas) (population 472780 2000 Census is a city in the National The City of Makati, or simply The City of Parañaque (pop 449811 2000 Census or simply Parañaque ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Parañaque The City of Pasay ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasay) is one of the cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila in the The Municipality of Pateros ( Filipino: Bayan ng Pateros) is the only municipality in Metro Manila Taguig (formerly spelled as Tagig; Filipino: Lungsod ng Taguig) is a city in Metro Manila The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines.

Representation to the two houses of the Congress of the Philippines is follows:

• For the Senate, polling is done at-large. The Congress of the Philippines ( Filipino: Kongréso ng Pilipínas) is the national Legislature of the Philippines. The Senate of the Philippines ( Filipino: Senádo ng Pilipínas) is the upper chamber of the bicameral Legislature of the Philippines, the
• For the House of Representatives, each city except for Malabon and Navotas has one representative; Malabon and Navotas has one Congressman, while Pateros' representation is included with the first district of Taguig. The House of Representatives of the Philippines ( Filipino: Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas) is the lower chamber of the Congress of the Philippines Taguig (formerly spelled as Tagig; Filipino: Lungsod ng Taguig) is a city in Metro Manila

Metro Manila is also a judicial region; as such, all regional trial court judges can be stationed anywhere within the region.

Economy

Metro Manila (statistically designated as the National Capital Region or NCR) is the financial, commercial and industrial center of the Philippines. It accounts for 32% of the Philippines's Gross Domestic Product, around USD 40Bio in 2007. It has a third of the country's bank offices but over two thirds of its deposits.

Business districts

Makati City is the largest financial and economic hub of the metropolitan area. The City of Makati, or simply It is one of the major economic centres in Southeast Asia. Now regarded as the city's central business district, several of the Philippines' largest corporations including Ayala, as well as the nation's major banks, are based here. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city The Makati area is built around the former Nielsen Air Base, an American installation during World War II, and its runways now form the district's main roads, which cross each other at the Makati Triangle, home of the nation's stock exchange. The Philippine Stock Exchange ( Filipino Foreign corporations also have their main Philippine hubs here. The traditional business center of the Chinese-Filipino businessmen and the country's CBD prior to the development of the Makati CBD was the Binondo District in the City of Manila.

Ortigas Center is the second most important central business district in Metro Manila. Ortigas Center is the second most important commercial and business district (after Makati) in Metro Manila, Philippines. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city Situated between Mandaluyong and Pasig, it is home to HQ of major Philippine companies such as San Miguel Corporation and Meralco. San Miguel Corporation ( is the largest publicly listed food beverage and packaging company in the Philippines. The Manila Electric Company ( also known as MERALCO, is the Philippines' largest distributor of electrical power The Asian Development Bank also has its headquarters in Ortigas. Asian Development Bank (ADB is a regional development bank established in 1966 to promote economic and social development in Asian and Pacific countries through loans and technical

Also posing as a competitor for a vibrant business center are Bonifacio Global City in Taguig, Eastwood City in Quezon City, Manila Bay City Reclamation Area in the cities of Pasay, Parañaque and Las Piñas, and Alabang Estates, Madrigal Business Park & Filinvest Corporate City in Muntinlupa.

Shopping centers

Metro Manila currently has a large number of malls in the Philippines, the largest being the SM Mall of Asia, the third-largest mall in the world and now a well-known landmark on the shore of Manila Bay. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The ' SM Mall of Asia' (also known as MOA or MoA is currently the largest Shopping mall in Southeast Asia and the Philippines and is the Prior to its construction the largest was SM Megamall in Ortigas Center. SM Megamall is a large shopping mall located in the Ortigas business district of Metro Manila, Philippines.

Other shopping centers in Ortigas Center include Robinson's Galleria, Shangri-La Plaza, and The Podium.

Recently opened in Pasig is a new development called Frontera Verde, which currently hosts Tiendesitas, a tiangge-style shopping center; SM Supercenter Pasig, the smallest SM mall to date; and SilverCity AutoMall, the first mall in the Philippines that is dedicated to the automotive market.

In the Central Business District of Makati, the Ayala Center hosts other malls, including Glorietta and the upscale Greenbelt shopping districts. Ayala Center is the trademark given to the branch of the Philippine -owned Ayala Corporation dedicated to shopping complexes. Also in Makati is the Rockwell Center. These places are frequented by members of Metro Manila's upper classes.

Taguig City has a mall named Market!Market!, which is strategically located in a transportation hub within Fort Bonifacio Global City. Fort Andres de Castro Bonifacio is an urban development in Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines.

In the City of Manila, the largest malls include SM City Manila and Robinson's Place-Ermita.

Cubao is Quezon City's Central Commercial Area that hosts 5 malls that includes the ultra-modern Gateway Mall. Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous Other malls include various SM chains in the metropolis. Aside from Cubao, there is also Eastwood City, located along Libis; SM City North EDSA, located at the junction of EDSA, West Avenue, and North Avenue; SM City Fairview, located in the Novaliches District; and TriNoMa, Ayala Land's newest mall, located in front of SM City North EDSA. SM City North EDSA is the first and flagship SM Supermall by Henry Sy 's SM Prime Holdings, the largest retail & mall operator in the Philippines TriNoma, or Tri angle No rth of Ma nila is a large Shopping mall in Quezon City in the Philippines owned by property development firm .

Metro Manila is also full of palengke, the Filipino-style open-air wet markets. A wet market is generally an open food market Some of the common names include "Cultural Markets", "traditional markets", "Gaai Si" One of these is the Central Market, located in Quiapo district of Manila, and Divisoria Market, also in Manila. Cloverleaf Market in Balintawak, Quezon City supplies most of Metro Manila's fruit and vegetable products. Navotas Port Market supplies most of Metro Manila's fish products. Other smaller markets include the markets of Cubao Farmers, Nepa-Q Mart, Muñoz, Balingasa, Galas, Santa Mesa, Novaliches Talipapa, Baclaran, Pasay Libertad, and Pasay Cartimar, the latter also being one of the finest pet markets in the Philippines.

Midway between a mall and a market are the Philippine-only tiangges, or airconditioned markets selling goods such as clothes, shoes, accessories, computer parts, mobile phones, CDs, VCDs, MP3s, iPods, and DVDs. Among these can be found in Greenhills Shopping Center in the municipality of San Juan and St. Greenhills Shopping Center is a tiangge -style shopping mall in San Juan, Metro Manila, the Philippines. Francis Square in Mandaluyong City.

Muntinlupa City also hosts malls like Festival Supermall, Alabang Town Center and Metropolis Star Mall, all located in Alabang. There is also a new SM SuperCenter Muntinlupa in Barangay Tunasan, which opened last November 16, 2007.

Las Piñas also has the SM Southmall, the largest based SM Mall South of Metro Manila.

Parañaque City also has the SM Sucat and alongside Pasay City, Duty Free Philippines as the mall of the "Balikbayans" or "back at home citizens" here in Metro Manila.

Wealth extremes

Metro Manila is a place of economic extremes. It is stated that 97% of the total GDP in the Philippines is controlled by 15% of the population, the majority of which is in the Metro Manila area. Most of the wealthy and upper-middle class in the country reside within gated communities in places such as Forbes Park and Dasmariñas Village in Makati, Loyola Heights in Quezon City, Greenhills in San Juan, and Ayala Alabang Village in Muntinlupa City. In its modern form a gated community is a form of Residential community containing controlled entrances for Pedestrians Bicycles and Automobiles Forbes Park is a gated community in the historic San Luis Valley of Colorado about 13 miles east of Fort Garland and 130 miles south west of Colorado Springs Cavite Village, also known as Dasmariñas or simply Dasma, is a private subdivision and Gated community in Makati City, Metro Manila Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous Other wealthy families opt to live urban lifestyles and instead own large apartments and condominium units such as those in the Rockwell Center in Makati and Fort Bonifacio Global City in Taguig, while some choose to live in bayfront condos/apartments/townhouses along the stretch of Roxas Boulevard. That the area is populated by many of the wealthiest people in the country has also driven up the real estate value of the properties in these areas such that they are unmatched anywhere else.

However, practically side-by-side with the residences of Metro Manila's elite are slums and squattered areas, most of which are in the outskirts of the aforementioned gated communities, as well as areas left behind by the rapid development of the rest of Metro Manila, such as Tondo and Sampaloc in Manila, Guadalupe in Makati, some parts of Marikina, Caloocan, and Valenzuela, and most parts of Navotas.

Highway roadsides are often crowded with corrugated-steel-roofed huts and straw markets by which livelihood is obtained, in a stark contrast to the gated subdivisions present in Metro Manila. Less than 10% of the population actually lives in the aforementioned neighborhoods, while the rest live in non-gated (normal) neighborhoods in regular houses, apartments, tenements and shacks. However the Macapagal-Arroyo government has started to gentrify the area, removing squatters from certain roadsides and even the national railway and replacing them with green areas. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class Philippine National Railways ( Filipino: Pambansang Daangbakal ng Pilipinas) also known by its acronym PNR, is a state-owned railway system

Recreation

Located west of Metro Manila, Rizal Park is the reference point for all kilometer points in the island of Luzon and the Philippines. Rizal Park is situated in the heart of the city of Manila, Philippines. Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important Island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country with Visayas Rizal Park features the statue of the Philippine National Hero Jose Rizal, as well as several Philippine flags, a gigantic relief map of the Philippines, scenic Chinese gardens, and the several government offices, such as the Department of Tourism. Dr José P Rizal (full name José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda) (June 19 1861 – December 30 1896 was a Filipino Polymath, On the seaside front of Rizal Park are numerous seafood restaurants specializing in Filipino and Asian cuisine. The National Museum of the Filipino People can be also found here. It is a complex of two Greco-Roman buildings which house ancient relics, native mummies, natural treasures and factual galleries about the Philippines and other countries. The museum also boasts a vast collection of artworks and masterpieces crafted by Filipinos which were commended by the Louvre Museum per se. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France Similarly, part of the museum complex is the first planetarium in Southeast Asia. Also located here is the Quirino Grandstand, which apart from the regular miting de avance (Spanish: political gatherings), is also a popular rendezvous of various religious groups, such as the charmismatic Catholic El Shaddai and popular American-based Protestant movements, such as Benny Hinn International Ministries. Rizal Park is situated in the heart of the city of Manila, Philippines. Toufik Benedictus "Benny" Hinn (توفيق بندكتوس "بني" الحن born December 3, 1952) is a Televangelist, best known

Near the Rizal Park is a 400-year-old Imperial City known as Intramuros, a walled domain which was once the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Era and Mid-American Periods. History Pre-hispanic settlement The site of Intramuros was originally a large Malayan-Islamic settlement named "Maynilad" ruled by Datus Rajahs Among the attractions are the Fort Santiago, a timeworn Spanish military fortress which was also the cell for the national hero, Jose Rizal in 1896; Casa Manila, a Spanish colonial villa which is converted into a house gallery; Manila Cathedral, the official seat of the Archbishop of Manila; San Agustin Church the oldest existing church/building in the Philippines that survived the wars and earthquakes of Manila since 1587; Intramuros Golf Club, a prime golf course outside the walls; and the Clam Shell Tent, an exhibition center of the Department of Tourism. Fort Santiago (Fuerza de Santiago is a defense fortress built for Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi. San Agustín Church is a Roman Catholic church under the auspices of The Order of St Horse-carriages and tourist buses are also some of the attractions. The rest also includes a walk above the walls surrounding Intramuros, government offices, universities and colonial houses.

Fort Bonifacio is the location of military detachments, cemeteries, international schools, corporate headquarters and world-class dining and shopping facilities. Fort Andres de Castro Bonifacio is an urban development in Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. Other local recreation areas include the Nayong Pilipino (Philippine Village) in Parañaque City, Quezon Memorial Circle and Ninoy Aquino Wildlife Center, both located in Diliman district of Quezon City, the posh Greenbelt Center, located in Makati City, the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex and Bay City, both located in Pasay City. Meanwhile, the Paco Park, Arroceros Botanical Garden, Manila Zoo, Plaza Rajah Sulayman, Plaza Miranda, new Rizal Avenue Bargain Walkway, the all-steel Gothic Church of San Sebastian, the bars and night clubs of Ermita and Malate districts and the famous Roxas Boulevard Bay Walk which offers a fine view of the legendary Manila Bay sunset and hip-dining of Asian, Western and Filipino cuisine, are all located in Manila. The Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden is located in Manila, Philippines.

Transportation

See also: Transportation in the Philippines

Roadways

Main article: Major roads in Metro Manila

The metropolis has an extensive system of highways connecting the various cities and municipalities. Land Transportation Railways See main article - Rail transport in the Philippines Most are on Luzon, operated by the Philippine Metro Manila has a very extensive roadway system connecting the cities and municipalities of the metropolis and its surrounding provinces The major roads include ten radial roads, which branch out from central Manila and five circumferential roads which form a series of concentric semi-circular arcs around downtown Manila. The City of Manila Most of these roads are very important transportation arteries. One is the C-4 (Circumferential Road 4), also called Epifanio de los Santos Avenue or more popularly as EDSA. Epifanio de los Santos Avenue ( EDSA) is the main circumferential road and Highway of Metro Manila in the Philippines. It is the major thoroughfare in Metro Manila connecting five cities in Metro Manila, namely Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City, and Caloocan. The MRT-3 line of Manila's metro network also divides the two sides of the road. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway Some other important roads are R-1 (Radial Road 1) (Roxas Boulevard and Manila-Cavite Expressway) connecting to Cavite province in the southwest; R-3 or the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) connecting to Laguna province in the southeast; R-6 (Aurora Boulevard and Marcos Highway) connecting to Rizal province in the east; and R-8 or the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) connecting to Bulacan province in the north. Roxas Boulevard, formerly known as Dewey Boulevard, is a road in Metro Manila. The Manila - Cavite Expressway (formerly named as the Manila - Cavite Tollway and Aguinaldo Boulevard, but widely known to Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the Calabarzon region in Luzon, The South Luzon Expressway (SLEx or (SLE, also called South Superhighway (SSH, is a network of two expressways that connects Metro Manila with the provinces Laguna is a province of the Philippines found in the CALABARZON region in Luzón. Rizal is a province of the Philippines located in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 20 kilometers east of Manila. The North Luzon Expressway ( NLE or NLEx) formerly called North Diversion Road, is a limited-access toll expressway that connects Metro Manila This article is about the province For the municipality see Bulacan Bulacan. One of its newest roads, the Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard, running on the reclamation area parallel to R-1, is one of the destinations of Manila's elite. Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard is a modern eight-lane road parallel to Roxas Boulevard running from CCP Complex, Pasay City to Marina Subdivision Land reclamation is either of two distinct practices One involves creating new land from sea- or riverbeds the other refers to restoring an area to a more natural state (such as after

Metro Manila is notorious for its traffic jams. A trip that should take 20 minutes will last an hour or more especially during rush hour. Consequently, the Metro Manila Development Authority (see section below) has constructed many projects to decongest traffic. History February 27 1975 President Ferdinand Marcos issued Presidential Decree 824 creating the Metropolitan Manila Commission (MMC

Such projects of the MMDA for motorists are the construction of flyovers (elevated roads), interchanges, loading bays for Public Utility Vehicles (PUVs), emergency bays, and U-Turn slots over various intersections and thoroughfares, and the completion of the comprehensive railway system (see below). A road junction is a location where vehicular Traffic going in different directions can proceed in a controlled manner designed to minimize accidents It has also been engaged in road widening with the support of the Department of Public Works and Highways. MMDA has also utilized projects for the pedestrians such as the installation of footbridges, waiting sheds, and men's urinals to various roads in the metropolis. The agency has also implemented various schemes for motorists such as the Uniform Vehicular Volume Reduction Scheme (UVVRS), more popularly known as "color coding", where vehicles whose plate numbers end in different digits are banned from traveling on different days, the Yellow Lane scheme, where yellow-plated PUBs (Public Utility Buses) will only use the two outermost lanes in EDSA, and the Organized Bus Route (OBR) for Metro Manila.

Railways

Main articles: Strong Republic Transit System, Manila Light Rail Transit System, Manila Metro Rail Transit System, and Philippine National Railways

As of 2005, there are two different rapid transit systems in Metro Manila: the Manila Light Rail Transit System, or the LRT, and the Manila Metro Rail Transit System, or the MRT. The Strong Republic Transit System is a project of the Office of the President designed to integrate the Rail transport infrastructure already present in Metro The Manila Light Rail Transit System, popularly known as the LRT, is the main metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines The Manila Metro Rail Transit System, popularly known as the MRT, Metrostar Express or Metrostar, is part of the metropolitan rail system Philippine National Railways ( Filipino: Pambansang Daangbakal ng Pilipinas) also known by its acronym PNR, is a state-owned railway system Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway The Manila Light Rail Transit System, popularly known as the LRT, is the main metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines The Manila Metro Rail Transit System, popularly known as the MRT, Metrostar Express or Metrostar, is part of the metropolitan rail system The Yellow Line (LRT-1) and the Purple Line (LRT-2) form the LRT network, while the Blue Line (MRT-3) forms the MRT network, with 29 stations on the LRT and 13 stations on the MRT . History December 1, 1984: Baclaran to Central Terminal May 12, 1985: Central Terminal to History April 5, 2003: Santolan to Araneta Center-Cubao April 5, 2004: Araneta Center-Cubao The following is a list of stations on the Strong Republic Transit System (SRTS which incorporates the Manila Light Rail Transit System (LRT the Manila Metro The following is a list of stations on the Strong Republic Transit System (SRTS which incorporates the Manila Light Rail Transit System (LRT the Manila Metro Four more lines are proposed and would connect Metro Manila to the provinces of Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna and Rizal upon their completion. The Manila Light Rail Transit System, popularly known as the LRT, is the main metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines This article is about the province For the municipality see Bulacan Bulacan. Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the Calabarzon region in Luzon, Laguna is a province of the Philippines found in the CALABARZON region in Luzón. Rizal is a province of the Philippines located in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 20 kilometers east of Manila.

Philippine National Railways also operates two main-line railway lines within Metro Manila, all part of the once-flourishing Luzon railway system. Philippine National Railways ( Filipino: Pambansang Daangbakal ng Pilipinas) also known by its acronym PNR, is a state-owned railway system The northern line, known as Northrail and connecting Manila to Caloocan City, is currently closed. The City of Manila The City of Caloocan, ( Line extensions are proposed to Valenzuela City and further on to Bulacan and Pampanga. The City of Valenzuela Pampanga is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. The trans-Metro Manila portion of the still-open southern line, known as Southrail, commences at Tutuban station in Tondo, Manila, passes through the cities of Manila, Makati, Taguig, Parañaque and Las Piñas, and ends in Barangay Buli, Muntinlupa City, before entering the province of Laguna. History See also Ancient Tondo The former region of Tondo is over eleven hundred years old The City of Makati, or simply Taguig (formerly spelled as Tagig; Filipino: Lungsod ng Taguig) is a city in Metro Manila The City of Parañaque (pop 449811 2000 Census or simply Parañaque ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Parañaque The City of Las Piñas ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Las Piñas) (population 472780 2000 Census is a city in the National

Airports

Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), which straddles the boundary between Parañaque City and Pasay City, is the country's busiest airport. The Ninoy Aquino International Airport ( Filipino: Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino) or NAIA (ˈnæijɑ is the Airport serving the The City of Parañaque (pop 449811 2000 Census or simply Parañaque ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Parañaque The City of Pasay ( Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasay) is one of the cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila in the It consists of a domestic terminal and two international terminals, with a third one awaiting opening. There are two main runways and the hangar of Philippine Airlines is located near the Villamor Air Base. Philippine Airlines Inc (abbreviated PAL) also known historically as Philippine Air Lines, is the national airline of the Philippines Villamor Air Base is home of the Philippine Air Force. It is chiefly used as an air base for PAF transport and helicopter flights

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 9,932,560 people and 2,132,989 households residing in Metro Manila. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population With a population density of 15,617/km², it is by far the most densely populated region of the Philippines. For the period 1995 to 2000, the annual population growth rate was 1. 06 percent, lower than that of the 1990 to 1995 period (3. 30 percent).

The indigenous people of the area now known as Metro Manila were the Tagalog. The Tagalog people ( Tgl: Tagalog) is the second largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. Other native ethnic groups of the Philippines also inhabit the metropolis as a result of migration. The various ethnic groups in the Philippines identify themselves based on one or several factors most popularly by parental lineage and Language. The include the Visayans, Ilocanos, Bicolanos, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, and even the Moro. The Visayans ( Visayan, Filipino: Bisaya) are the largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines. The Ilocano or Ilokano people are the third largest Filipino Ethnolinguistic group The Bicolanos are the the fifth-largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. The Kapampangans or Capampañgans ( Spanish: Pampangos or Pampangueños) are the The Pangasinan ( Pangasinan: Totoon Pangasinan, Spanish: pangasinense) are the eight largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. The Moro are a Multilingual ethnic group and the largest mainly non-Christian ethnic group in the Philippines, comprising about 5 Tribal groups such as the Igorot and the Bajau have also settled. Igorot ( pronounced) name for the people of the Cordillera region in the Philippines island of Luzon. The Bajau, (also written as Badjao, Badjaw or Badjau) are an indigenous Ethnic group of Malaysia and the southern There are also numerous peoples of Chinese and Japanese, Indian descent. A Chinese Filipino ( Hokkien: Huâ-hui; Cantonese: Wàhfèi; Tagalog / Filipino: "Tsinoy" ( derived from South Asians in the Philippines are Philippine citizens of South Asian descent and citizens of South Asian countries living in Philippines Resident Spaniards, Americans, and Koreans are also present in large numbers. Spanish settlement in the Philippines first took place in the late 16th century during the Spanish colonial period of the islands American settlement in the Philippines began during the Spanish period, when Americans came to the islands primarily to conduct business Koreans in the Philippines, largely consisting of Expatriates from South Korea, form the largest community of Overseas Koreans in Southeast Asia Metro Manila is classified as a social urban conglomerate, meaning, it is one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the world. Cultural pluralism is a term used when small groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities

The most common language spoken in households is Tagalog (94. Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. 34%). English is widely used and understood, and is the main language of the upper classes and in business. Philippine English is the variety of English used in the Philippines by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos. Is a concept in Sociology that refers to the group of people at the top of a Social hierarchy. Chinese is taught in certain Chinese schools. In Western countries a Chinese school is a School established explicitly for the purpose of teaching the Chinese language (of the various Chinese dialects Other languages of the Philippines are also spoken, mostly between family members, relatives, or neighbors belonging to the same ethnic group. In Philippines there are over 170 languages almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. Among these languages, the most spoken include Visayan languages, Ilokano, Bikol languages, and Kapampangan. The Visayan languages of the Philippines, along with Tagalog and Bikol, are part of the Central Philippine language family To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article select from the in other languages section to the side of this page For the languages spoken in Bicol Region, see Languages of Bicol.

The large majority of the population of Metro Manila is Roman Catholic (89%). Other religions include Protestant (3%), Islam (5%), and Hinduism and Buddhism (3%). Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices

Education

Metro Manila is home to several noteworthy Philippine higher educational institutions. It is the educational seat of the country and many students from the provinces head onto Metro Manila to study. As such, several dormitories, apartments and boarding houses abound. Areas of high number of educational institutions include the so-called "University Belt" and Taft Avenue in Manila, Katipunan Avenue and Fairview in Quezon City and Sta. The University Belt is the unofficial name of a De facto sub-district in Manila Philippines. The City of Manila Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous Mesa straddling the Manila, Quezon City and Mandaluyong City borders.

Police and security

Police structure in the Philippines is centralized and its command center is located in Camp Rafael Crame in Santolan, Quezon City. Metro Manila is divided into 5 police districts namely Central (Quezon City), Western (City of Manila), Eastern (Mandaluyong, Pasig, Marikina, San Juan), Northern (Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela) and Southern (Makati, Muntinlupa, Las Piñas, Parañaque, Taguig and Pateros).

The Armed Forces of the Philippines' command headquarters is located in Camp Emilio Aguinaldo in Murphy, Quezon City. The National Capital Region Command is located in Metro Manila and was created by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to defend the metropolis from insurgents and terrorist groups. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. Philippine Army headquarters is located in Fort Bonifacio in Taguig City. Philippine Air Force headquarters is located in Villamor Airbase in Pasay City. Philippine Navy headquarters was once located in Roxas Boulevard in Manila until its transfer by President Arroyo to Zamboanga City. Officially the City of Zamboanga ( Chavacano de Zamboanga / Spanish: Ciudad de Zamboanga)

Public utilities

Electricity

Metro Manila's electricity is generated by the state-owned National Power Corporation (Napocor) and other independent power producers across the island of Luzon. Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important Island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country with Visayas It is transmitted by the state-owned National Transmission Corporation (TransCo) through high tension wires. It is distributed by the Manila Electric Company (Meralco), the only company allowed to distribute electricity to the metropolis. The Manila Electric Company ( also known as MERALCO, is the Philippines' largest distributor of electrical power

Water

Metro Manila's tap water is sourced from the Angat Dam in Norzagaray, Bulacan. Norzagaray is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. This article is about the province For the municipality see Bulacan Bulacan. It is stored in the Novaliches Reservoir and filtered in the La Mesa Dam, both in northeast Quezon City. Metro Manila's water distribution and sewerage system used to be managed by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage System (MWSS), a state-owned company. In 1997, MWSS awarded concessionare licenses to two private corporations. Metro Manila was sliced into two distribution areas.

• Maynilad Water Services Inc. (MWSI). It is currently majority-owned by the MWSS, which took it over from Benpres Holdings Company, which also controls MERALCO. It operates in western Quezon City, southern Caloocan City, Manila (excludes Downtown), Valenzuela City, Malabon City, Navotas, Pasay City, Parañaque City, Las Piñas City, and western Muntinlupa City. MWSS is currently bidding out its shares in MWSI and expects to conclude the bidding before the end of the year.
• Manila Water Company, Inc. (MWC). It is majority-owned by the Ayala Corporation, which also controls Globe Telecom. MWC operates the East Concession Zone, which is comprised of Makati City, Mandaluyong City, Marikina City, Pasig City, Pateros, San Juan City, Taguig City, eastern Quezon City, and the southeast portions of Manila.

Communications

Since 1925, the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT) was the Philippines' only phone carrier. The Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company () commonly known as PLDT, is the largest telecommunications company in the Philippines. With the passage of the National Telecommunications Act of 1995, the Philippine National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) granted licenses to new and independent companies to install new phones across the Philippines. The NTC granted 3 new licenses for Metro Manila.

• Bayantel/ Benpres - Northern Metro Manila (Quezon City, northern Caloocan City, Malabon City, Navotas, Valenzuela City, Marikina City, northeastern Manila, and the Ortigas Center in Pasig City)
• Globelines/ Innove - Southern Metro Manila (Makati City, Mandaluyong City, Muntinlupa City, Pasay City, Las Piñas City, Parañaque City, Taguig City, Pateros, San Juan, and Pasig City excluding the Ortigas Center)
• Eastern Telecoms - Western Metro Manila (Southern Caloocan City and Manila, excluding the northeast part)

Garbage

Metro Manila alone produces 4,000 tons of garbage each day and paper wastes account for nearly 14% of the daily total. Bayan Telecommunications Inc ( BayanTel) is a telecommunications company serving areas in Metro Manila Bicol and local exchange service areas in the Visayas and Mindanao regions Not to be confused with Globe Telecom (Singapore, a similarly named company in Singapore.

Metropolitan Manila Development Authority

The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) is the administrative body in charge of the metropolis' development, including traffic management, flood control, garbage disposal and sewage maintenance. History February 27 1975 President Ferdinand Marcos issued Presidential Decree 824 creating the Metropolitan Manila Commission (MMC It closely coordinates with other organizations such as the Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission (PRRC) and the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), as well as the local government units of the component cities and municipalities. Its agency's head is appointed by the president, which is now presided by Chairman Bayani Fernando. Bayani Fernando (born July 25, 1946) is the current Secretary of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA

It is a member of Asian Network of Major Cities 21. Asian Network of Major Cities 21 is a body representing the interests of several of Asia 's largest capital cities around common themes of importance including urban planning

See also

• Mega Manila
• Imperial Manila

References

External links

• Metro Manila Development Authority
• Click The City - online guide of establishments in Metro Manila and other places in the Philippines
• Wikitravel Metro Manila travel guide

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