Protestantism

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Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organisations. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Christ is the English term for the Greek ( Khristós) meaning "the anointed " The virgin birth of Jesus is a religious Tenet of Christianity and Islam which holds that Mary miraculously conceived Jesus while The crucifixion of Jesus is an event recorded in all four Gospels (;;) which takes place after his arrest and trial and includes his scourging Within the body of Christian beliefs the resurrection of Jesus is a core event on which much of Christian doctrine and theology depend Church (disambiguation Christian Church and the word church are used to denote both a Christian association of people and a Place of worship The term New Covenant (; Greek:, diathēkē kainē is used in the Bible (both in the Hebrew Bible and the Greek New Testament) to refer The Twelve Apostles (Greek apostolos, "someone sent out" e This article is about the canonical books of the New Testament The purpose of this timeline is to give a detailed account of Christianity from the beginning of the current era ( AD) to the present Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin In Western Christianity, the Old Testament refers to the books that form the first of the two-part Christian Biblical canon. Books of the Bible are listed differently in the canons of Jews and Catholic, Protestant, Greek Orthodox Slavonic Orthodox Georgian Armenian Apostolic A Biblical canon or canon of scripture is a list or Set of Biblical books considered to be authoritative as Scripture by a particular religious The biblical apocrypha (from the Greek word ἀπόκρυφος meaning hidden) are books published in an edition of the Bible whose canonicity Christian Theology is discourse concerning Christian faith Christian theologians use biblical Exegesis, rational analysis and argument SSC RF "Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Termonuclear Research" or TRINITY for shprt Троицкий Институт инновационных и термоядерных In many religions the supreme Deity ( God) is given the title and attributions of Father. Christian views of Jesus consist of the teachings and beliefs held by Christian groups about Jesus including his divinity humanity and earthly life In mainstream Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is one of the three entities of the Holy Trinity which make up the single substance This is an overview of the History of Christian Theology from the time of Christ to the present Christian Theology is discourse concerning Christian faith Christian theologians use biblical Exegesis, rational analysis and argument Christian apologetics is a field of Christian theology that aims to present a rational basis for the Christian faith, defend the faith against objections Christian tradition is a collection of Traditions of practice or belief associated with Christianity. Early Christianity is commonly defined as the Christianity of the three centuries between the Crucifixion of Jesus ( c This is a general introduction to ecumenical councils For the Roman Catholic councils, see Catholic Ecumenical Councils. A creed is a statement of Belief — usually Religious belief — or Faith often recited as part of a religious service See also Evangelism, Christianization A Christian mission has been widely defined since the Lausanne Congress of 1974 as that which The East-West Schism, or the Great Schism, divided medieval Christendom into Eastern (Greek and Western (Latin branches which later became known as the The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Denominationalism|List of Christian denominations|Church (disambiguation A Christian denomination is an identifiable religious body under a common name structure and doctrine within A sermon is an oration by a Prophet or member of the Clergy. Sermons address a Biblical, theological, or religious topic Prayer is an important theme in Christianity, and there are several different forms of prayer Ecumenism (also oecumenism, œcumenism) refers to initiatives aimed at greater Religious unity or cooperation Christianity and other religions appear to share some elements Christian movements are theological, political or philosophical interpretations of Christianity that are not generally represented by a specific church Christian music is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life A Liturgy is a set form of ceremony or pattern of worship Christian liturgy is a pattern for worship used (whether recommended or prescribed by a Christian congregation or The liturgical year, also known as the Christian year, consists of the cycle of liturgical seasons in Christian churches which determines when Christian symbolism is defined as the investing of outward things or actions with an inner meaning the expression of Christian ideas Christian art is Art produced in an attempt to illustrate supplement and portray in tangible form the principles of Christianity. Throughout the History of Christianity, a wide range of Christians and non-Christians alike have offered criticisms of Christianity, the Church, and Christians Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time The History of Protestantism begins with the Reformation movement which began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church and led to the fracturing of Christendom General description The earliest Waldensians believed in poverty and austerity promoting true poverty public preaching and the personal study of the scriptures Lollardy was the political and religious movement of the Lollards from the mid- 14th century to the English Reformation. The Hussites were a Christian movement following the teachings of Czech reformer Jan Hus or John Huss (c Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Anabaptists ( Greek ανα (again twice + βαπτιζω (baptize thus "re-baptizers" are Christians of the Radical Reformation Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther The study of the theology of Huldrych Zwingli since the 1990s has been facilitated by a modern critical edition of his works Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing Congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently Pietism was a movement within Lutheranism, lasting from the late 17th century to the mid-18th century and later Pentecostalism is a renewalist religious movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the Baptism A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, The Great Awakenings refer to several periods of rapid and dramatic Religious revival in Anglo-American religious history generally recognized as beginning in the 1730s Revival in a Christian context generally refers to a specific period of spiritual renewal in the life of the Church Evangelicalism is a theological movement tradition and system of beliefs most closely associated with Protestant Christianity, which identifies with the Gospel The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ is a Mainline Protestant denomination in North America For other usages see Restoration (general disambiguation Apokatastasis (universal restoration Christian Zionism (restoration of Israel and The term Adventist generally refers to someone who believes in the Second Advent of Jesus (popularly known as the Second coming) in the tradition of the Millerites This article is about the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement and churches that have a historical and/or theological connection to it (e Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The Methodist movement traces its origin to the evangelical awakening in 18th century Great Britain. The First Great Awakening (referred to by some historians as the Great Awakening) was a period of heightened religious activity primarily in Great Britain and its The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Methodism followed from the work of John Wesley, who was an Anglican clergyman. John Wesley (ˈwɛslɪ ( – March 2, 1791) was an Anglican cleric and Christian theologian who was the founder of the (Evangelical Thus "Methodism" is commonly taken as "Wesleyan Methodism". Wesley sought to keep Methodism as a revival movement within the Church of England, and a significant number of Anglican clergy were known as Methodists. Revival in a Christian context generally refers to a specific period of spiritual renewal in the life of the Church The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations ^[1] Other 18th century branches of Methodism include Welsh Methodists, later the Calvinistic Methodists, from the work of Howell Harris,^[2][3] and the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion through the work of George Whitefield. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Calvinistic Methodists are a body of Christians forming the Presbyterian Church of Wales and claiming to be the only denomination of the Presbyterian order Howell Harris (1714–1773 was one of the main leaders of the Welsh Methodist revival in the 18th century along with Daniel Rowland and William Williams The Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion is a small society of evangelical churches founded in 1783 by Selina Hastings as a result of the Evangelical Early life He was born at the Bell Inn Southgate Street Gloucester, England. The influence of Lady Huntingdon and Whitefield on the Church of England was a factor in the establishing of the Free Church of England in 1844. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican The Free Church of England is an Anglican church which separated from the established Church of England in 1844. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Through vigorous missionary activity Methodism spread throughout the British Empire, the United States, and beyond. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Early Methodists were drawn from all levels of society, including aristocracy. ^[1] But the Methodist preachers took the message to labourers and criminals who tended to be left outside of organised religion at that time. Wesley himself thought it wrong to preach outside a Church building until persuaded otherwise by Whitefield. ^[4]

Doctrinally, the branches of Methodism following Wesley are Arminian, while those following Harris and Whitefield are Calvinistic. Arminianism is a school of soteriological thought within Protestant Christianity based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Howell Harris (1714–1773 was one of the main leaders of the Welsh Methodist revival in the 18th century along with Daniel Rowland and William Williams Early life He was born at the Bell Inn Southgate Street Gloucester, England. Moderate Calvinism (or moderate Arminianism) is sometimes called the "non-traditional view" of Calvinism. ^[2] Wesley did not let this difference of interpretation change his friendship with Whitefield, and Wesley's sermon on Whitefield's death is full of praise and affection. ^[5] Methodism has a very wide variety of forms of worship, ranging from high church to low church in liturgical usage. " High Church " relates to Ecclesiology and Liturgy in Anglican theology and practice Low church is a term of distinction in the Church of England or other Anglican churches initially designed to be pejorative A liturgy is the customary public worship done by a specific religious group according to their particular traditions The Wesleys themselves greatly valued the Anglican liturgy and tradition, and based Methodist worship in The Book of Offices on the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. The Book of Common Prayer is the common title of a number of prayer books of the Church of England and used throughout the Anglican Communion. ^[6]

In 2006, Methodism claimed some seventy-five million members worldwide.

The Wesleyan revival

Three early Methodist leaders, Charles Wesley, John Wesley, and Francis Asbury, portrayed in stained glass at the Memorial Chapel, Lake Junaluska, North Carolina

The Methodist revival originated in England. Biography Charles Wesley was the son of Susanna Wesley and Samuel Wesley. John Wesley (ˈwɛslɪ ( – March 2, 1791) was an Anglican cleric and Christian theologian who was the founder of the (Evangelical Francis Asbury ( August 20 1745 &ndash March 31 1816) was one of the first two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the Lake Junaluska is a Census-designated place (CDP in Haywood County, North Carolina, USA. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It began with a group of men, including John Wesley and his younger brother Charles, as a movement within the Church of England in the 18th century. John Wesley (ˈwɛslɪ ( – March 2, 1791) was an Anglican cleric and Christian theologian who was the founder of the (Evangelical Biography Charles Wesley was the son of Susanna Wesley and Samuel Wesley. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican The movement focused on Bible study and a methodical approach to scriptures and Christian living. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin The term "Methodism" was a pejorative term given to a small society of students at Oxford who met together between 1729 and 1735 for the purpose of mutual improvement. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, They were accustomed to receiving communion every week, fasting regularly, and abstaining from most forms of amusement and luxury. They also frequently visited the sick and the poor, as well as prisoners.

The early Methodists acted against perceived apathy in the Church of England, became open-air preachers and established Methodist societies wherever they went. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican These societies were made up of individual classes - intimate groups where individuals were encouraged to confess their sins to one another and to build each other up. They also took part in love feasts which allowed for the sharing of testimony, a key feature of early Methodists. The Agape feast, or love-feast was an Early Christian religious meal in close relation with the Eucharist. "Testify" redirects here For other uses see Testify (disambiguation and Testimony (disambiguation.

Methodist preachers were notorious for their enthusiastic sermons and often accused of fanaticism. In those days, many members of the established (Anglican) church feared that new doctrines promulgated by the Methodists, such as the necessity of a New Birth for salvation, of Justification by Faith, and of the constant and sustained action of the Holy Spirit upon the believer's soul, would produce ill effects upon weak minds. In Theology, salvation can mean three related things being saved from or Liberation from something such as Suffering or the punishment of In Christian theology, justification is God 's act of declaring or making a sinner righteous before God In mainstream Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is one of the three entities of the Holy Trinity which make up the single substance Theophilus Evans, an early critic of the movement, even wrote that it was "the natural Tendency of their Behaviour, in Voice and Gesture and horrid Expressions, to make People mad. " In one of his prints, William Hogarth likewise attacked Methodists as "enthusiasts" full of "Credulity, Superstition and Fanaticism. William Hogarth (10 November 1697 &ndash 26 October 1764 was a major English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic " But the Methodists resisted the many attacks against their movement. (See John Wesley and George Whitefield for a much more complete discussion of early Methodism. John Wesley (ˈwɛslɪ ( – March 2, 1791) was an Anglican cleric and Christian theologian who was the founder of the (Evangelical Early life He was born at the Bell Inn Southgate Street Gloucester, England. )

John Wesley came under the influence of the Moravians and Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius, while Whitefield adopted Calvinistic views. This page is about the Moravian Church globally For information about the church in a particular geographic area use the links at Organisation below The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. Jacobus Arminius, the Latinized name of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jakob Harmenszoon (also known by the Anglicized Early life He was born at the Bell Inn Southgate Street Gloucester, England. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the Consequently, their followers separated, those of Whitefield becoming Calvinistic Methodists. Calvinistic Methodists are a body of Christians forming the Presbyterian Church of Wales and claiming to be the only denomination of the Presbyterian order Wesleyan Methodists have followed Arminian theology. Arminianism is a school of soteriological thought within Protestant Christianity based on the theological ideas of the Dutch

Missions to America

In the late 1760s, two Methodist lay preachers emigrated to America and formed societies. Philip Embury began the work in New York. The City of New York Soon, Captain Webb from the British Army aided him. He formed a society in Philadelphia and itinerated along the coast. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə By 1770, two Methodist missionaries arrived from the British Connexion. They were Richard Boardman and Joseph Pilmoor. Shortly thereafter, Francis Asbury arrived. Francis Asbury ( August 20 1745 &ndash March 31 1816) was one of the first two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the Asbury reorganized the mid-Atlantic work in accordance with the Wesleyan model. Internal conflict characterized this period. Missionaries displaced most of the local preachers and irritated many of the leading lay members. Due to the American Revolution, Wesley called all the missionaries left the mid-Atlantic work. By 1778, the mid-Atlantic work was reduced to one circuit. Asbury refused to leave. He remained in Delaware during this period. Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

Part of a series on Methodism
John Wesley	George Whitefield
Background Christianity Protestantism Pietism Anglicanism Arminianism Wesleyanism Calvinism	Doctrinal distinctives Articles of Religion Prevenient Grace Governmental Atonement Imparted righteousness Christian perfection
People Richard Allen Francis Asbury Thomas Coke Albert C. Outler James Varick Charles Wesley Bishops Theologians	Largest groups World Methodist Council United Methodist Church AME Church AME Zion Church Church of the Nazarene British Methodist Church CME Church Uniting Church in Australia
Related movements Moravian Church Holiness movement Salvation Army Personalism Pentecostalism	Christianity Portal This box: view • talk • edit

Robert Strawbridge began a Methodist work in Maryland at the same time as Embury began his work in New York. John Wesley (ˈwɛslɪ ( – March 2, 1791) was an Anglican cleric and Christian theologian who was the founder of the (Evangelical Early life He was born at the Bell Inn Southgate Street Gloucester, England. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Pietism was a movement within Lutheranism, lasting from the late 17th century to the mid-18th century and later Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Arminianism is a school of soteriological thought within Protestant Christianity based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Wesleyanism or Wesleyan Theology is the system of Christian theology of Methodism taught by John Wesley. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the The Articles of Religion are an official doctrinal statement of American Methodism. Prevenient grace is a Christian theological concept rooted in Augustinian theology and embraced primarily by Arminian Christians who are influenced by the The governmental view of the Atonement (also known as the moral government theory) is a doctrine in Christian theology concerning the meaning and effect Imparted righteousness, in Methodist Theology, is that gracious gift of God given at the moment of the new birth which enables a Christian Christian Perfection is a Christian doctrine which maintains that after conversion but before death a Christian's soul may be cleansed from the stain of Original sin Richard Allen ( February 14 1760 - March 26 1831) was an African American pastor and the founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Francis Asbury ( August 20 1745 &ndash March 31 1816) was one of the first two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the Thomas Coke ( September 9, 1747 &ndash May 2, 1814) was the first Methodist Bishop and is known as the Father of Methodist Missions Albert Cook Outler ( November 17, 1908 &ndash September 1, 1989) was a 20th century American James Varick was the first Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. Biography Charles Wesley was the son of Susanna Wesley and Samuel Wesley. The World Methodist Council, founded in 1881, is an association of churches in the Methodist tradition which comprises most of the world's Wesleyan denominations The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination and the second largest Protestant denomination in the United States. The African Methodist Episcopal Church, usually called the " AME Church " is a Christian denomination founded by Bishop Richard Allen in Philadelphia The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, or AME Zion Church, was officially formed in 1821 but operated for a number years before then The Church of the Nazarene, often referred to as the Nazarene Church is an International evangelical Christian denomination that began in The Methodist Church of Great Britain or British Methodist Church is the largest Wesleyan / Methodist body in the United Kingdom, with congregations The Christian Methodist Epsicopal Church is a historically black denomination within the broader context of Methodism. The Uniting Church in Australia ( UCA) was formed on June 22 1977 when many congregations of the Methodist Church of Australasia, This page is about the Moravian Church globally For information about the church in a particular geographic area use the links at Organisation below The Holiness movement in Christianity is composed of people who believe and propagate the belief that the carnal nature of humanity can be cleansed through Faith The Salvation Army is a Christian charity and church that is internally organised like a military service. Personalism is the school of thought that consists of three main principles and which can broadly be qualified as species of Humanism: Only persons are real (in Pentecostalism is a renewalist religious movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the Baptism Robert Strawbridge (d 1781 was a Methodist preacher born in Drumsna, County Leitrim, Ireland. They did not work together and did not know of each other's existence. Strawbridge ordained himself and organized a circuit. He trained many very influential assistants who became some of the first leaders of American Methodism. His work grew rapidly in numbers and in geography. The British missionaries discovered Strawbridge's work and annexed it into the American connection. However, the native preachers continued to work side-by-side with the missionaries. Plus, they continued to recruit and dispatch more native preachers. Southern Methodism was not dependent on missionaries in the same way as mid-Atlantic Methodism.

Up until this time, with the exception of Strawbridge, none of the missionaries or American preachers was ordained. Consequently, the Methodist people received the sacraments at the hands of ministers from established Anglican churches. Most of the Anglican priests were Loyalists who fled to England, New York or Canada during the war. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs As such, a group of native preachers ordained themselves. This caused a split between the Asbury faction and the southern preachers. Asbury mediated the crisis by convincing the southern preachers to wait for Wesley's response to the sacramental crisis. That response came in 1784. At that time, Wesley sent the Rev. Dr. Thomas Coke to America to form an independent American Methodist church. Thomas Coke ( September 9, 1747 &ndash May 2, 1814) was the first Methodist Bishop and is known as the Father of Methodist Missions The native circuit riders met in late December. Coke had orders to ordain Asbury as a joint superintendent of the new church. Thomas Coke ( September 9, 1747 &ndash May 2, 1814) was the first Methodist Bishop and is known as the Father of Methodist Missions However, Asbury turned to the assembled conference and said he would not accept it unless the preachers voted him into that office. It was done. From that moment forward, the general superintendents received their authority from the conference. Later, Coke convinced the general conference that he and Asbury were bishops and added the title to the discipline. Thomas Coke ( September 9, 1747 &ndash May 2, 1814) was the first Methodist Bishop and is known as the Father of Methodist Missions It caused a great deal of controversy. Wesley did not approve of the title.

By the 1792 general conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the controversy related to episcopal power boiled over. Ultimately, the delegates sided with Bishop Asbury. However, the Republican Methodists split off from the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1792. The Christian Connection or Christian Connexion was a Christian movement which began in several places during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and were secessions Also, William Hammett (a missionary ordained by Wesley who traveled to America from Antigua with Bishop Coke), led a successful revolt against the MEC in 1791. He opposed Bishop Asbury and the episcopacy. He formed his people into the Primitive Methodist Church. (Editor: I rode the original article. It is based on research from my dissertation "Without a Parallel: Reasons for the Expansion of Early American Methodism from 1768 - 1812" (William Payne, 2001) Both operated in the Southeast and presaged the episcopal debates of later reformers. Regardless, Asbury remained the leading bishop of early American Methodism and did not share his "appointing" authority until Bishop McKendree was elected in 1808. Coke had problems with the American preachers. His authoritarian style alienated many. Soon, he became a missionary bishop of sorts and never had much influence in America.

Beliefs

Traditionally, Methodists have identified with the Arminian view of free will, via God's prevenient grace, as opposed to predestinarian determinism. Arminianism is a school of soteriological thought within Protestant Christianity based on the theological ideas of the Dutch The question of free will Prevenient grace is a Christian theological concept rooted in Augustinian theology and embraced primarily by Arminian Christians who are influenced by the Predestination (also linked with Foreknowledge) is a religious concept which involves the relationship between God and His creation Determinism is the philosophical Proposition that every event including human cognition and behaviour decision and action is causally determined This distinguishes it, historically, from Calvinist traditions found in Reformed Church. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the The Reformed churches are a group of Christian Protestant Denominations formally characterized by a similar Calvinist system of doctrine historically However, in strongly Reformed areas such as Wales, Calvinistic Methodists remain, also called the Presbyterian Church of Wales. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the The Presbyterian Church of Wales (Eglwys Bresbyteraidd Cymru also known as The Calvinistic Methodist Church (cy ''Yr Eglwys Fethodistaidd Galfinaidd'' is a denomination The Presbyterian Church of Wales (Eglwys Bresbyteraidd Cymru also known as The Calvinistic Methodist Church (cy ''Yr Eglwys Fethodistaidd Galfinaidd'' is a denomination The Calvinist Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion was also strongly associated with the Methodist revival. The Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion is a small society of evangelical churches founded in 1783 by Selina Hastings as a result of the Evangelical ^[7]

In recent theological debates clergy members have cut across denominational lines so that theologically liberal Methodist and Reformed churches have more in common with each other than with more conservative members of their own denominations. Church (disambiguation A religious denomination is a subgroup within a Religion that operates under a common name tradition and identity For liberal political views within Christianity see Christian left. The Reformed churches are a group of Christian Protestant Denominations formally characterized by a similar Calvinist system of doctrine historically For conservative political views within Christianity see Christian right.

John Wesley is studied for his interptation of Church practice and doctrine (Explanatory Notes by Methodist ministerial students and trainee local preachers. A Methodist local preacher is a lay person who has been accredited by a Methodist church to lead worship on a regular basis

One popular expression of Methodist doctrine is in the hymns of Charles Wesley. A hymn is a type of Song, usually religious specifically written for the purpose of praise adoration or Prayer, and typically addressed to a deity/deities Since enthusiastic congregational singing was a part of the early Evangelical movement, Wesleyan theology took root and spread through this channel. Evangelicalism is a theological movement tradition and system of beliefs most closely associated with Protestant Christianity, which identifies with the Gospel

Methodism affirms the traditional Christian belief in the triune Godhead: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, as well as the orthodox understanding of the con-substantial humanity and divinity of Jesus. SSC RF "Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Termonuclear Research" or TRINITY for shprt Троицкий Институт инновационных и термоядерных Consubstantiality is a term used in Latin Christian Christology, coined by Tertullian in Against Hermogenes 44 used to translate Most Methodists also affirm the Apostles Creed and the Nicene Creed. The Nicene Creed (ˈnaɪsiːn is an ecumenical Christian statement of faith accepted in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Assyrian Church of In devotional terms, these confessions are said to embrace the biblical witness to God's activity in creation, encompass God's gracious self-involvement in the dramas of history, and anticipate the consummation of God's reign.

Sacramental theology within Methodism tends to follow the historical interpretations and liturgies of Anglicanism. A sacrament, as defined in Hexam's Concise Dictionary of Religion is "a Rite in which God is uniquely active Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs This stems from the origin of much Methodist theology and practice within the teachings of John and Charles Wesley, both of whom were priests of the Church of England. As affirmed by the Articles of Religion, Methodists recognize two Sacraments as being ordained of Christ: Baptism and Holy Communion. The Articles of Religion are an official doctrinal statement of American Methodism. In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those ^[8] Methodism also affirms that there are many other Means of Grace which often function in a sacramental manner, but most Methodists do not recognize them as being Dominical sacraments. The Means of Grace in Christian theology are those things (the means) through which God gives grace.

Methodists, stemming from John Wesley's own practices of theological reflection, make use of Tradition as a source of authority. Though not on the same level as Holy Scripture, tradition may serve as a lens through which Scripture is interpreted (see also Prima scriptura and the Wesleyan Quadrilateral). Prima scriptura is a doctrine that says canonized scripture is "first" or "above all" sources of Divine revelation. The Wesleyan Quadrilateral is a methodology for theological reflection that is credited to John Wesley, leader of the Methodist movement in the late 18th Theological discourse for Methodists almost always makes use of Scripture read inside the great Tradition of Christendom.

It is an historical position of the church that any disciplined theological work calls for the careful use of reason. Reason involves the ability to think understand and draw Conclusions in an Abstract way as in Human thinking By reason, it is said, one reads and interprets Scripture. By reason one determines whether one's Christian witness is clear. By reason one asks questions of faith and seeks to understand God's action and will.

The church insists that personal salvation always implies Christian mission and service to the world. Scriptural holiness entails more than personal piety; love of God is always linked with love of neighbors, a passion for justice and renewal in the life of the world.

Whereas most Methodist worship is modeled after the Anglican Communion's Book of Common Prayer, a unique feature of the liturgy of the American Methodist Church is its observance of the season of Kingdomtide, which encompasses the last thirteen weeks before Advent, thus dividing the long season after Pentecost into two discrete segments. See also Anglicanism The Anglican Communion is an international association of national Anglican churches The Book of Common Prayer is the common title of a number of prayer books of the Church of England and used throughout the Anglican Communion. Kingdomtide was a Liturgical season observed in the autumn by the United Methodist Church, particularly in the United States, and certain other Protestant Advent (from the Latin word la ''adventus'' meaning "coming" is a season of the Christian church, the period of expectant waiting and preparation for the Pentecost (πεντηκοστή, pentekostē, "the fiftieth day" is one of the prominent feasts in the Christian Liturgical year, celebrated the During Kingdomtide, Methodist liturgy emphasizes charitable work and alleviating the suffering of the poor. Some Methodist churches utilize a more contemporary and less defined liturgy, either in conjunction with traditional Methodist liturgy or in exclusion of it.

A second distinctive liturgical feature of Methodism is the use of Covenant services. A covenant, in its most general sense is a solemn promise to engage in or refrain from a specified action Although practice varies between different national churches, most Methodist churches annually follow the call of John Wesley for a renewal of their covenant with God. It is not unusual in Methodism for each congregation to normally hold an annual Covenant Service on the first convenient Sunday of the year, and Wesley's Covenant Prayer is still used, with minor modification, in the order of service. Wesley's Covenant Prayer or A Covenant Prayer in the Wesleyan Tradition is a prayer adapted by John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, for use in services In it, Wesley avers man's total reliance upon God, as the following excerpt demonstrates:

. . . Christ has many services to be done. Some are easy, others are difficult. Some bring honour, others bring reproach. Some are suitable to our natural inclinations and temporal interests, others are contrary to both. . . Yet the power to do all these things is given to us in Christ, who strengthens us.

. . . I am no longer my own but yours. Put me to what you will, rank me with whom you will; put me to doing, put me to suffering; let me be employed for you or laid aside for you, exalted for you or brought low for you; let me be full, let me be empty, let me have all things, let me have nothing; I freely and wholeheartedly yield all things to your pleasure and disposal. . . ^[9]

Methodism in Great Britain

Main article: Methodist Church of Great Britain

Logo of the Methodist Church of Great Britain

Wesley Memorial Church, a Methodist church in Oxford, where the Wesley brothers studied. The Methodist Church of Great Britain or British Methodist Church is the largest Wesleyan / Methodist body in the United Kingdom, with congregations Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire,

British Methodism does not have bishops, though a report, "What Sort of Bishops?",^[10] to the Conference of 2005, was accepted for study and report. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight This report considered if this should now be changed and if so what forms of episcopacy might be acceptable. It has however always been characterised by a strong central organization, the Connexion, which holds an annual Conference (note that the Church retains the 18th century spelling "connexion" for many purposes). In the history of Christianity in England, a Connexion was a circuit of Prayer groups who would employ travelling ministers alongside the regular ministers The connexion is divided into Districts in the charge of a Chair (who may be male or female), except the new London District, created in September 2006, which has three chairs with a "Lead" chair. Methodist districts often correspond approximately, in geographical terms, to counties - as do the dioceses of the Church of England. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican The districts are divided into circuits governed by the quarterly Circuit Meeting and led and administrated principally by a "superintendent minister", and ministers are appointed to these rather than to individual churches (though some large inner-city churches, known as Central Halls, are designated as circuits in themselves - Westminster Central Hall, opposite Westminster Abbey in central London is the best known). In Law, a circuit is an appellate judicial district used in the Court systems of several nations In Christian churches, a minister is someone who is authorized by a church or religious organization to perform clergy functions such as teaching of beliefs Methodist Central Hall Westminster is on Victoria Street in London, just off Parliament Square, next to the Queen Elizabeth II Conference The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large mainly Gothic church London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Most circuits have fewer ministers than churches, and the majority of services are led by lay local preachers, or by supernumerary ministers (ministers who have retired, called supernumerary because they are not counted for official purposes in the numbers of ministers for the circuit in which they are listed). A Methodist local preacher is a lay person who has been accredited by a Methodist church to lead worship on a regular basis The superintendent and other ministers are assisted in the leadership and administration of the Circuit by lay Circuit Stewards, who collectively with the ministers form what is normally known as the Circuit Leadership Team.

Schisms within the original Methodist church, and independent revivals, led to the formation of a number of separate denominations calling themselves Methodist. The word schism (ˈsɪzəm or /ˈskɪzəm/ from the Greek σχίσμα skhísma (from σχίζω skhízō, "to tear to split" A revival meeting is a series of Christian religious services held in order to inspire active members of a religious body and to gain new converts The largest of these were the Primitive Methodist church, deriving from a revival at Mow Cop in Staffordshire, the Bible Christians and the United Methodist Church (not connected with the American denomination of the same name, but a union of three smaller denominations). Primitive Methodism was a major movement in English Methodism from about 1810 until the Methodist Union in 1932. Mow Cop is a Village on a high isolated hill The village straddles the Cheshire - Staffordshire border and in this capacity is also divided along Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. The Bible Christian Church was a Methodist church It was founded by William O’Bryan, a Wesleyan Methodist local preacher, on 1815-10-18 in The original church became known as the Wesleyan Methodist Church to distinguish it from these bodies. The three major streams of British Methodism united in 1932 to form the current Methodist Church of Great Britain. The Methodist Church of Great Britain or British Methodist Church is the largest Wesleyan / Methodist body in the United Kingdom, with congregations The Wesleyan Reform Union [3] and the Independent Methodist Connexion [4] still remain separate. The Wesleyan Reform Union is an Independent Methodist Connexion based in the United Kingdom. The Independent Methodist Connexion is a British group of Non-Conformist congregations that have their roots in the eighteenth century revival. The Primitive Methodist Church had branches in the USA which still continue.

In the 1960s, the Methodist Church made ecumenical overtures to the Church of England, aimed at church unity. Ecumenism (also oecumenism, œcumenism) refers to initiatives aimed at greater Religious unity or cooperation The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Formally, these failed when they were rejected by the Church of England's General Synod in 1972; conversations and co-operation continued, however, leading in 2003 to the signing of a covenant between the two churches. The General Synod is the title of the governing body of some church organizations ^[11] From the 1970s onward, the Methodist Church also started several Local Ecumenical Projects (LEPs, later renamed Local Ecumenical Partnerships) both with the Church of England and with the United Reformed Church, which involved sharing churches, schools and in some cases ministers. In England and Wales, a local ecumenical partnership (or project) is a partnership between churches of different denominations First An unrelated American church of similar name is the United Reformed Churches in North America. In many towns and villages there are United Churches which are most commonly Methodist and URC.

Traditionally, Methodism was particularly popular in Wales and Cornwall, both regions noted for their non-conformism and distrust of the Church of England. Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar It was also very strong in the old mill towns of Yorkshire and Lancashire, where the Methodists stressed that the working-classes were equal to the upper-classes in the eyes of God. A Mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is typically a settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories (usually Cotton mills

The Methodist Council also helps to run a number of schools, including two leading Public Schools in East Anglia, Culford School and The Leys. East Anglia is often used as a shorthand for the Kingdom of the East Angles. The Leys School is a co-educational British public school (privately funded and independent)—it is a boarding and day school for over 520 pupils It helps to promote an all round education with a strong Christian ethos. Ethos (ˈiːθɒs (grc ἦθος ἔθος plurals ethe (ἤθη ethea (ἤθεα is a Greek word originally meaning "accustomed

(See also 1904-1905 Welsh Revival and Welsh Methodist revival. The Welsh Revival (1904–1905 was the largest full scale Christian Revival of Wales of the 20th century. The Welsh Methodist revival of the 18th century was one of the most significant religious and social movements in the history of Wales. )

An example of a traditional English Methodist Church in chapel style is Great Glen Methodist Church, built in 1827. Great Glen Methodist Church, Leicestershire was built in 1827 and a church hall was later added to the east of the Church in 1879 See picture (right)

Many Methodist bodies around the world see the British Methodist Church as their parent church. Some strong groups include the Methodist Church Ghana and the Methodist Church Nigeria. The Methodist Church Ghana is one of the largest and oldest Protestant denominations in Ghana.

Methodism in the United States

The First Great Awakening was a religious movement among colonials in the 1730s and 1740s. The First Great Awakening (referred to by some historians as the Great Awakening) was a period of heightened religious activity primarily in Great Britain and its This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. The English Calvinist Methodist preacher George Whitefield played a major role, traveling across the colonies and preaching in a dramatic and emotional style, accepting everyone as his audience. Early life He was born at the Bell Inn Southgate Street Gloucester, England.

The new style of sermons and the way people practiced their faith breathed new life into religion in America. People became passionately and emotionally involved in their religion, rather than passively listening to intellectual discourse in a detached manner. People began to study the Bible at home, which effectively decentralized the means of informing the public on religious matters and was akin to the individualistic trends present in Europe during the Protestant Reformation.

The first American Methodist bishops were Thomas Coke and Francis Asbury, whose boyhood home, Bishop Asbury Cottage, in West Bromwich, England, is now a museum. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Thomas Coke ( September 9, 1747 &ndash May 2, 1814) was the first Methodist Bishop and is known as the Father of Methodist Missions Francis Asbury ( August 20 1745 &ndash March 31 1816) was one of the first two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the Bishop Asbury Cottage ( is the boyhood home of Francis Asbury, the first American Methodist Bishop, in Great Barr, England West Bromwich ( is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell, in the West Midlands, England England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Upon the formation of the Methodist Episcopal Church in America at the Baltimore Christmas Conference in 1784, Coke (already ordained in the Church of England) ordained Asbury a deacon, elder, and bishop each on three successive days. For individual churches named Methodist Episcopal Church, see Methodist Episcopal Church (disambiguation The Methodist Episcopal Church, sometimes Christmas Conference was an historic founding conference of the newly independent Methodists within the United States held just after the American Revolution Thomas Coke ( September 9, 1747 &ndash May 2, 1814) was the first Methodist Bishop and is known as the Father of Methodist Missions The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Deacon is a role in the Christian Church that is generally associated with service of some kind but which varies among theological and denominational traditions An elder (in Greek, πρεσβυτερος; see Presbyter) in Christianity is a person valued for his Wisdom who accordingly holds a particular A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Circuit riders, many of whom were laymen, traveled by horseback to preach the gospel and establish churches until there was scarcely any crossroad community in America without a Methodist expression of Christianity. One of the most famous circuit riders was Robert Strawbridge who lived in the vicinity of Carroll County, Maryland soon after arriving in the Colonies around 1760. Robert Strawbridge (d 1781 was a Methodist preacher born in Drumsna, County Leitrim, Ireland. Carroll County is a County located in the US state of Maryland.

The Second Great Awakening was a nationwide wave of revivals. The Second Great Awakening  (1790–1840s was the second great religious revival in United States history and consisted of renewed personal salvation experienced in revival In New England, the renewed interest in religion inspired a wave of social activism among Yankees; Methodism grew rapidly and established several colleges, notably Boston University. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the For similarly-named academic institutions see Education in Boston MA. In the "burned over district" of western New York, the spirit of revival burned brightly. Methodism saw the emergence of a Holiness movement. The Holiness movement in Christianity is composed of people who believe and propagate the belief that the carnal nature of humanity can be cleansed through Faith In the west, especially at Cane Ridge, Kentucky and in Tennessee, the revival strengthened the Methodists and the Baptists. Cane Ridge, Kentucky, USA was the site in 1801 of a large Camp meeting which drew thousands of people and had a lasting influence as one of the landmark Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination.

Disputes over slavery placed the church in difficulty in the first half of the 1800s, with the northern church leaders fearful of a split with the South, and reluctant to take a stand. The Wesleyan Methodists (later became The Wesleyan Church) and the Free Methodist Churches were formed by staunch abolitionists, and the Free Methodists were especially active in the Underground Railroad, which helped to free the slaves. The Wesleyan Church is an Evangelical Christian Religious denomination in the United States Canada and Australia associated with the Holiness The Wesleyan Church is an Evangelical Christian Religious denomination in the United States Canada and Australia associated with the Holiness The Free Methodist Church, is a denomination of broader Methodism. The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and Safe houses used by 19th century Black slaves in the United States Finally, in a much larger split, in 1845 at Louisville, the churches of the slaveholding states left the Methodist Episcopal Church and formed The Methodist Episcopal Church, South. For individual churches named Methodist Episcopal Church, see Methodist Episcopal Church (disambiguation The Methodist Episcopal Church, sometimes This article is about the former denomination For individual churches of the same name see Methodist Episcopal Church South (disambiguation The Methodist The northern and southern branches were reunited in 1939, when slavery was no longer an issue. In this merger also joined the Methodist Protestant Church. The Methodist Protestant Church (MPC is a national Church body which was officially formed in 1828 by former members of the Methodist Episcopal Some southerners, conservative in theology, and strongly segregationist, opposed the merger, and formed the Southern Methodist Church in 1940. The Southern Methodist Church is a conservative Protestant Christian denomination with churches located in the southern part of the United States

The Third Great Awakening from 1858 to 1908 saw enormous growth in Methodist membership, and a proliferation of institutions such as colleges (e. The Third Great Awakening was a period of religious activism in American history from the late g. , Morningside College). Morningside College is a Liberal arts college in Sioux City, Iowa, affiliated with the United Methodist Church. Methodists were often involved in the Missionary Awakening and the Social Gospel Movement. The Social Gospel movement is a Protestant Christian intellectual movement that was most prominent in the late 19th century and early 20th century The awakening in so many cities in 1858 started the movement, but in the North it was interrupted by the Civil War. In the South, on the other hand, the Civil War stimulated revivals, especially in Lee's army.

In 1914-1917 many Methodist ministers made strong pleas for world peace. To meet their demands, President Woodrow Wilson (a Presbyterian), promised "a war to end all wars. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. " In the 1930s many Methodists favored isolationist policies. Thus in 1936, Methodist Bishop James Baker, of the San Francisco Conference, released a poll of ministers showing 56% opposed warfare. However, the Methodist Federation did call for a boycott of Japan, which had invaded China and was disrupting missionary activity there. ^[12] In Chicago, sixty-two local African Methodist Episcopal churches voted their support for the Roosevelt administration's policy, while opposing any plan to send American troops overseas to fight. When war came in 1941, the vast majority of Methodists strongly supported the national war effort, but there were also a few (673^[13]) conscientious objectors. A conscientious objector (CO is an individual who on religious moral or ethical grounds refuses to participate as a combatant in war or in some cases to take any role that would support

The United Methodist Church was formed in 1968 as a result of a merger between the Evangelical United Brethren (EUB) and the Methodist Church. The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination and the second largest Protestant denomination in the United States. The Evangelical United Brethren Church (EUB was an American Protestant church which was formed in 1946 by the merger of the Evangelical Church The former church had resulted from mergers of several groups of German Methodist heritage. There was no longer any need or desire to worship in the German language. The merged church had approximately 9 million members as of the late 1990s. While United Methodist Church in America membership has been declining, associated groups in developing countries are growing rapidly.

American Methodist churches are generally organized on a connectional model, related but not identical to that used in Britain. Pastors are assigned to congregations by bishops, distinguishing it from presbyterian government. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity Methodist denominations typically give lay members representation at regional and national meetings (conferences) at which the business of the church is conducted, making it different from episcopal government. In religious organizations the laity comprises all persons who are not Clergy. Episcopal polity is a form of church governance which is hierarchical in structure with the chief authority over a local Christian church resting in a Bishop (Greek This connectional organizational model differs further from the congregational model, for example of Baptist, and Congregationalist Churches, among others. Congregationalist polity, often known as congregationalism is a system of Church governance in which every Local church congregation is independent Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing Congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently

In addition to the United Methodist Church, there are over 40 other denominations that descend from John Wesley's Methodist movement. Some, such as the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the Free Methodists, the Wesleyan Church (formerly Wesleyan Methodist), the Congregational Methodist Church and First Congregational Methodist Church are explicitly Methodist. The African Methodist Episcopal Church, usually called the " AME Church " is a Christian denomination founded by Bishop Richard Allen in Philadelphia The Free Methodist Church, is a denomination of broader Methodism. The Wesleyan Church is an Evangelical Christian Religious denomination in the United States Canada and Australia associated with the Holiness The Congregational Methodist Church in the Southern United States is a Christian denomination. The First Congregational Methodist Church is a Christian denomination in the Southern United States. The Primitive Methodist Church is a continuing branch of the former British Primitive Methodist Church. Others do not call themselves Methodist, but are related to varying degrees. The Evangelical Church was formed by a group of EUB congregations who dissented from the merger which formed the United Methodist Church. The Evangelical Church is a national Protestant denomination in the United States The Salvation Army was founded by William Booth, a former Methodist, and derives some of its theology from Methodism. The Salvation Army is a Christian charity and church that is internally organised like a military service. William Booth ( April 10, 1829 &ndash August 20, 1912) was a British Methodist preacher who founded The Salvation Similar "social justice" denominations include the Church of the Nazarene and the Christian and Missionary Alliance. The Church of the Nazarene, often referred to as the Nazarene Church is an International evangelical Christian denomination that began in The Christian and Missionary Alliance (C&MA is an Evangelical Protestant denomination within Christianity. Some of the charismatic or pentecostal churches such as the Pentecostal Holiness Church and the Assemblies of God also have roots in or draw from Wesleyan thought. Pentecostalism is a renewalist religious movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the Baptism The World Assemblies of God Fellowship, or Assemblies of God for short is the world's largest Pentecostal denomination with over 283413 churches and outstations

The Holiness Revival was primarily among people of Methodist persuasion, who felt that the church had once again become apathetic, losing the Wesleyan zeal. The Holiness movement in Christianity is composed of people who believe and propagate the belief that the carnal nature of humanity can be cleansed through Faith Some important events of this revival were the writings of Phoebe Palmer during the mid-1800s, the establishment of the first of many holiness camp meetings at Vineland, New Jersey in 1867, and the founding of Asbury College, (1890), and other similar institutions in the US around the turn of the 20th century. Phoebe Palmer ( December 17, 1807 &ndash November 2, 1874) was an evangelist and writer who promoted the doctrine of Christian perfection The camp meeting as a Christian gathering originated in the United States of America. Vineland is a city in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. Asbury College is a Christian Liberal arts institution located in Wilmore Kentucky.

From its beginning in England, Methodism laid emphasis on social service and education. Numerous originally Methodist institutions of higher education were founded in the United States in the early half of the 19th century, and today altogether there are about twenty universities and colleges named as "Methodist" or "Wesleyan" still in existence.

Additionally, the Methodist Church has created a number of Wesley Foundation establishments on college campuses. A Wesley Foundation is a United Methodist campus ministry sponsored in full or in part (depending on the congregation by the United Methodist Church on a non-church owned and These ministries are created to reach out to students, and often provide student housing to a few students in exchange for service to the ministry.

The United Methodist Church allows for a wide range of theological and political beliefs. For example, Republican President George W. Bush is a member. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Vice President Dick Cheney attends the United Methodist Church (though he is not a member). The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney (born January 30 1941 is the forty-sixth and current Vice President of the United States. The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination and the second largest Protestant denomination in the United States. Democrats Hillary Clinton and John Edwards are both members of the United Methodist Church. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26 1947 is the junior United States Senator from Johnny Reid "John" Edwards (born June 10 1953 The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination and the second largest Protestant denomination in the United States.

United Methodist pastors may marry and have families. They are placed in congregations by their bishop. Pastors can either ask for a transfer or their church can request that they be transferred. The church is also required to have a house for the pastor or give them a housing allowance.

Methodism in other countries

World Methodist Council at Lake Junaluska, North Carolina - a consultive body linking most Methodist groups of the world. Lake Junaluska is a Census-designated place (CDP in Haywood County, North Carolina, USA. The headquarters contains a museum of Methodism and a small park - the Susannah Wesley Herb Garden

An estimated 75 million people worldwide belong to the Methodist community, however the number has gone into steady decline, especially in North America, where an increasing number of people are becoming more inclined to join theologically conservative denominations. For conservative political views within Christianity see Christian right. ^[14] Almost all Methodist churches are members of a consultative body called the World Methodist Council, which is headquartered at Lake Junaluska, North Carolina, in the United States. The World Methodist Council, founded in 1881, is an association of churches in the Methodist tradition which comprises most of the world's Wesleyan denominations Lake Junaluska is a Census-designated place (CDP in Haywood County, North Carolina, USA.

Africa

Mozambique

The Igreja Metodista Unida is one of the largest Christian denominations of Mozambique. Igreja Metodista Unida is one of the largest Protestant denominations in Mozambique. Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa

Asia

India

CSI English Wesley Church in Broadway, Chennai, India. The Church of South India ( Abbreviation: CSI) is a union of many Protestant Denominations spread throughout South India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country This is one of the first Methodist Churches in India.

Methodism came to India twice, in 1817 and in 1856, according to Mr. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country P. Dayanandan who has done extensive research on the subject. ^[15] Dr. Thomas Coke and six other missionaries set sail for India on New Year's Day in 1814. Dr. Coke, then 66, died en route. Rev. James Lynch was the one who finally arrived in Madras (present day Chennai) in 1817 at a place called Black Town (Broadway), later known as George Town. Lynch conducted the first Methodist missionary service on March 2, 1817, in a stable. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The first Methodist church was dedicated in 1819 at Royapettah. Royapettah is a centrally located suburb in the city of Chennai, India. A chapel at Broadway (Black Town) was later built and dedicated on April 25, 1822. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the This church was rebuilt in 1844 since the earlier structure was collapsing. At this time there were about 100 Methodist members in all of Madras, and they were either Europeans or Eurasians (European and Indian descent). Among those names associated with the founding period of Methodism in India are Elijah Hoole & Thomas Cryer, who came as missionaries to Madras. In 1857, the Methodist Episcopal Church started its work in India, and with prominent Evangelists like William Taylor the Emmanuel Methodist Church, Vepery, was born in 1874. For individual churches named Methodist Episcopal Church, see Methodist Episcopal Church (disambiguation The Methodist Episcopal Church, sometimes The Methodist Church in India is governed by the MCI - the Methodist Church of India. ^[16]

Malaysia and Singapore

Missionaries from Britain, North America, and Australia founded Methodist churches in many Commonwealth countries. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. These are now independent and many of them are stronger than the former "mother" churches. In addition to the churches, these missionaries often also founded schools to serve the local community. A good example of such schools are the Methodist Boys' School in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and The Anglo-Chinese Schools, Methodist Girls' Schools and Fairfield Methodist Schools in Singapore. Methodist Boys' School Kuala Lumpur (MBS is a secondary school located in the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and was founded in July 1897 For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and This article is primarily about the Anglo-Chinese family of schools in Singapore Methodist Girls' School ( MGS) is an all-girls Methodist school in Singapore. Fairfield Methodist Secondary School is an autonomous co-educational Methodist secondary school in Dover, Singapore. The Methodist Church in Singapore (MCS is the church that Methodists in Singapore belong to

The Philippines

The beginnings of Methodism in the Philippines islands were made possible by the outbreak of the Spanish-American War. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP On June 21, 1898, the executives of the Mission Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church expressed their desire to join other Protestant denominations in starting mission work in the islands and to enter into any comity agreement that would facilitate the establishment of such mission. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For individual churches named Methodist Episcopal Church, see Methodist Episcopal Church (disambiguation The Methodist Episcopal Church, sometimes Protestant Christianity arrived in the during the late 19th century and the early 20th century The first Protestant worship service was conducted on August 28, 1898 by a military chaplain named Rev. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common George C. Stull. Rev. Stull was an ordained Methodist minister from the Montana Annual Conference of The Methodist Episcopal Church (Later became The United Methodist Church in 1968). For individual churches named Methodist Episcopal Church, see Methodist Episcopal Church (disambiguation The Methodist Episcopal Church, sometimes

Methodist and Wesleyan traditions in the Philippines are shared by three of the largest mainline Protestant churches in the country - The United Methodist Church [5], Iglesia Evangelica Metodista En Las Islas Filipinas (Evangelical Methodist Church in the Philippine Islands) [6], and The United Church of Christ in the Philippines [7]. Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations Wesleyanism or Wesleyan Theology is the system of Christian theology of Methodism taught by John Wesley. The Philippines Central Conference of The United Methodist Church (or Kumperensya Sentral ng Pilipinas ng Nagkaisang Iglesya Metodista in Filipino) is a There are also evangelical Protestant churches in the country with Methodist and Wesleyan tradition like The Wesleyan Church of the Philippines [8], Free Methodist Church of the Philippines [9], and the Church of the Nazarene in the Philippines [10]. The Wesleyan Church is an Evangelical Christian Religious denomination in the United States Canada and Australia associated with the Holiness The Free Methodist Church, is a denomination of broader Methodism. The Church of the Nazarene, often referred to as the Nazarene Church is an International evangelical Christian denomination that began in

South Korea

Possibly the strongest Methodist church in the world now is that of South Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː There are many Korean-language Methodist churches in North America catering to Korean-speaking immigrants, not all of which are named as Methodist. This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system There are several denominations that are of Wesleyan/Methodist heritage, but are not explicitly Methodist.

Europe

There are small Methodist Churches in many European countries, the strongest being in Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. These mostly derive from links with the American rather than the British church.

Ireland

The Methodist Church in Ireland covers the entire island of Ireland including Northern Ireland. The Methodist Church in Ireland has approximately 80000 members across both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Eric Gallagher was the head of the Church in the 1970s. Dr Eric Gallagher was the head of the Methodist Church in Ireland, who was one of the group of Protestant churchmen who met with IRA/Sinn Féin representatives in He was one of the group of Protestant churchmen who met with IRA/Sinn Féin representatives in Feakle, County Clare to unsuccessfully try to broker a peace. Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970

North America

Bermuda

Bermuda's Methodist Synod, is a separate presbytery of the United Church of Canada's Maritime Conference. Ba (officially The Bermuda Islands or The Somers Isles) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church convened to decide an issue of doctrine administration or application The United Church of Canada was founded in 1925 as a merger of four Christian denominations two thirds of the Presbyterian Church in Canada (then the largest Canadian Protestant

Canada

Methodist Episcopal circuit riders from New York State began to arrive in the Kingston region on the north-east shore of Lake Ontario in the early 1790s. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Kingston Ontario is a Canadian city located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. At the time the region was part of British North America and became part of Upper Canada after the Constitutional Act of 1791. British North America consisted of the colonies and territories of the British Empire in continental North America after the end of the American Revolutionary The Constitutional Act of 1791 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (1791 (31 Geo Upper and Lower Canada were both part of the New York Episcopal Methodist Conference until 1810 when they were transferred to the newly formed Genesee Conference. The Province of Upper Canada (French Province du Haut-Canada) was a British colony located in what is now the southern portion of the Province of Ontario The Province of Lower Canada (French Province du Bas-Canada) was a British colony on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the The spread of Methodism in the Canadas was seriously disrupted by the War of 1812 but quickly gained lost ground after the Treaty of Ghent was signed in 1815. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The Treaty of Ghent ( signed on December 24 1814, in Ghent, currently in Belgium, was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 In 1817 the British Wesleyans arrived in the Canadas from the Maritimes but by 1820 had agreed, with the Episcopal Methodists, to confine their work to Lower Canada (present-day Quebec) while the later would confine themselves to Upper Canada (present-day Ontario). Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec In 1828 Upper Canadian Methodists were permitted by the General Conference in the United States to form an independent Canadian Conference and, in 1833, the Canadian Conference merged with the British Wesleyans to form the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Canada. Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Methodist Church of Canada was an 1884 union of pioneering groups. In 1925, they merged with the Presbyterians, then by far the largest Protestant communion in Canada, most Congregationalists, Union Churches in Western Canada, and the American Presbyterian Church in Montreal, to form the United Church of Canada. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Presbyterian Church in Canada is the name of a Protestant Christian church, of Presbyterian and reformed Theology Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec The United Church of Canada was founded in 1925 as a merger of four Christian denominations two thirds of the Presbyterian Church in Canada (then the largest Canadian Protestant In 1968, the Evangelical United Brethren Church's Canadian congregations joined after their American counterparts joined the United Methodist Church. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Evangelical United Brethren Church (EUB was an American Protestant church which was formed in 1946 by the merger of the Evangelical Church The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination and the second largest Protestant denomination in the United States.

Oceania

Australia

Various branches of Methodism in Australia merged in the 20 years from 1881, with a union of all groups except the Lay Methodists forming the Methodist Church of Australasia in 1902. The Methodist Church of Australasia was a Methodist denomination based in Australia. ^[17]

In 1945 the Rev. Dr. Kingsley Ridgway offered himself as a Melbourne based "field representative" for a possible Australian branch of the Wesleyan Methodist Church of America, after meeting an American serviceman who was a member of that denomination. ^[18]. The Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia was founded on his work. The Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia is a small Christian denomination with its origins in Wesleyan Methodism.

The Methodist Church of Australasia merged with the majority of the Presbyterian Church of Australia and the Congregational Union of Australia in 1977, becoming the Uniting Church^[19]. The Presbyterian Church of Australia is the largest Presbyterian denomination in Australia. The Congregational Union of Australia was a Congregational denomination in Australia. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays The Uniting Church in Australia ( UCA) was formed on June 22 1977 when many congregations of the Methodist Church of Australasia, The Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia continues to operate independently. There are also other independent Methodist congregations, some of which were established by, or have been impacted by, Tongan immigrants. Tongans make up the vast majority of the inhabitants of Tonga.

Fiji

A high proportion of the indigenous population of Fiji are Methodists. Fijian people are the major indigenous people of the Fiji Islands, and live in an area informally called Melanesia. Fiji (Matanitu ko Viti फ़िजी officially the Republic of the Fiji Islands (Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti फ़िजी द्वीप समूह गणराज्य

New Zealand

The Methodist Church of New Zealand is the fourth largest denomination in the country. The Methodist Church of New Zealand - Te Hahi Weteriana O Aotearoa is a Methodist denomination headquartered in Christchurch, New Zealand

See also

• Albert Outler
• Articles of Religion (Methodist)
• Assurance (theology)
• Atonement (Governmental view)
• Category:Methodism
• Category:Methodists
• Category:Methodist theologians
• Christian apologetics
• Christian perfection
• Holiness movement
• Homosexuality and Methodism
• Imparted righteousness
• List of Christian denominations
• Methodist theologians (list)
• Means of Grace
• Methodism (philosophy) (unrelated to the religious movement)
• Methodist Order of St. Luke
• Dusty Miller (Martyr)
• Personalism
• Pietism
• Prevenient Grace
• Puritan
• The Supernatural Occurrences of John Wesley
• United Methodist Church
• Wesleyanism
• World Methodist Council

Notes

1. ^ This social analysis is a summary of a wide variety of books on Methodist history, articles in The Methodist Magazine etc. Albert Cook Outler ( November 17, 1908 &ndash September 1, 1989) was a 20th century American The Articles of Religion are an official doctrinal statement of American Methodism. Assurance is a Protestant Christian Doctrine which states that the inner Witness of the Holy Spirit allows the justified The governmental view of the Atonement (also known as the moral government theory) is a doctrine in Christian theology concerning the meaning and effect Christian apologetics is a field of Christian theology that aims to present a rational basis for the Christian faith, defend the faith against objections Christian Perfection is a Christian doctrine which maintains that after conversion but before death a Christian's soul may be cleansed from the stain of Original sin The Holiness movement in Christianity is composed of people who believe and propagate the belief that the carnal nature of humanity can be cleansed through Faith The Methodist denominations of Christianity generally believe that the practice of Homosexuality to be incompatible with Christian teaching albeit Imparted righteousness, in Methodist Theology, is that gracious gift of God given at the moment of the new birth which enables a Christian List of Christian denominations (or Denominations self-identified as Christian) ordered by historical and doctrinal relationships Proto-Methodist theologians Jacobus Arminius - ordained pastor of the Dutch Reformed church studied under Theodore Beza and rejected The Means of Grace in Christian theology are those things (the means) through which God gives grace. In the study of knowledge methodism refers to the epistemological approach where one asks "How do we know?" before "What do we know?" The term appears in Roderick Please note The Order of Saint Luke is not affiliated with The International Order of St "Dusty" Miller was a British POW in Thailand on the Burma Railway during Second World War. Personalism is the school of thought that consists of three main principles and which can broadly be qualified as species of Humanism: Only persons are real (in Pietism was a movement within Lutheranism, lasting from the late 17th century to the mid-18th century and later Prevenient grace is a Christian theological concept rooted in Augustinian theology and embraced primarily by Arminian Christians who are influenced by the A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, The Supernatural Occurrences of John Wesley is a non-fiction book written by American author Daniel R The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination and the second largest Protestant denomination in the United States. Wesleyanism or Wesleyan Theology is the system of Christian theology of Methodism taught by John Wesley. The World Methodist Council, founded in 1881, is an association of churches in the Methodist tradition which comprises most of the world's Wesleyan denominations Most of the Methodist aristocracy were associated with the Countess of Huntingdon who invited Methodist preachers to gatherings she hosted. Methodists were the leaders at that time in reaching out to the poorest of the working classes in any major way. A number of soldiers were also Methodists. ^[20]
2. ^ Arminianism is named after Jacobus Arminius, a Dutch Reformed pastor who was trained to preach calvinism, but concluded that some aspects of calvinism had to be modified in the light of Scripture. Jacobus Arminius, the Latinized name of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jakob Harmenszoon (also known by the Anglicized ^[21] Both of these branches of Reformation doctrine hold as essential the "Solas" - Scripture alone, Grace alone, Faith alone, Glory to God alone. ^[22] John Wesley was perhaps the clearest English proponent of arminianism. ^[23] In spite of the differences, these twin strands have much common ground, such as that salvation is entirely a work of God alone with no work by which it can be earned (monergism), and that one cannot either turn to God nor believe unless God has first drawn a person and implanted the desire in their heart (the Wesleyan doctrine of prevenient grace). Monergism is the name for the belief held by some in Christian theology that through the preaching of the word the Holy Spirit alone can act to effectually bring about Prevenient grace is a Christian theological concept rooted in Augustinian theology and embraced primarily by Arminian Christians who are influenced by the ^[24] The primary difference is that Arminians interpret the Bible as teaching that the saving work of Jesus Christ is for all people (general atonement} but effective only to those who believe in accordance with the Reformation principles of Grace alone and Faith alone. Unlimited atonement (sometimes called general atonement or universal atonement) is the majority doctrine in Protestant Christianity that is normally The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time While also holding to these principles, the Solas, Calvinists emphasize the deterministic^[25] interpretation of Election, that salvation is only for a few decreed by God (limited atonement) while all others are decreed to be condemned. Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the ^[26]

References

• Cracknell, Kenneth and White, Susan J. (2005) An Introduction to World Methodism, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-81849-4.

Further reading

World

Reference things that reference things.

• Dowson, Jean and Hutchinson, John (2003) John Wesley: His Life, Times and Legecy [CD-ROM], Methodist Publishing House, TB214
• Harmon, Nolan B. (ed. ) (1974) The Encyclopedia of World Methodism, Nashville: Abingdon Press, ISBN 0-687-11784-4.
• Heitzenrater, Richard P. (1994) Wesley and the People Called Methodists, Nashville: Abingdon Press, ISBN 0-687-01682-7
• Hempton, David (2005) Methodism: Empire of the Spirit, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-10614-9
• Hempton, David (1984) Methodism and Politics in British Society, 1750-1850, Stanford University Press, ISBN 0-80471-269-7
• Kent, John (2002) Wesley and the Wesleyans, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-45532-4
• Warner, Wellman J. (1930) The Wesleyan Movement in the Industrial Revolution, London: Longmans, Green, 299 p.

African Americans

• Campbell, James T. (1995) Songs of Zion: The African Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States and South Africa, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-507892-6
• George, Carol V. R. (1973) Segregated Sabbaths: Richard Allen and the Rise of Independent Black Churches, 1760-1840, New York: Oxford University Press, LCCN 73076908
• Montgomery, William G. (1993) Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South, 1865-1900, Louisiana State University Press, ISBN 0-80711-745-5
• Walker, Clarence E. (1982) A Rock in a Weary Land: The African Methodist Episcopal Church During the Civil War and Reconstruction, Louisiana State University Press, ISBN 0-80710-883-9
• Wills, David W. and Newman, Richard (eds. ) (1982) Black Apostles at Home and Abroad: Afro-American and the Christian Mission from the Revolution to Reconstruction, Boston, MA: G. K. Hall, ISBN 0-81618-482-8

USA and Canada

• Cameron, Richard M. (ed. ) (1961) Methodism and Society in Historical Perspective, 4 vol. , New York: Abingdon Press
• Lyerly, Cynthia Lynn (1998) Methodism and the Southern Mind, 1770-1810, Religion in America Series, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-511429-9
• Meyer, Donald (1988) The Protestant Search for Political Realism, 1919-1941, Wesleyan University Press, ISBN 0-81955-203-8
• Rawlyk, G. A. (1994) The Canada Fire: Radical Evangelicalism in British North America, 1775-1812, Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, ISBN 0-7735-1221-7
• Schmidt, Jean Miller (1999) Grace Sufficient: A History of Women in American Methodism, 1760-1939, Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press ISBN 0-687-15675-0
• Semple, Neil (1996) The Lord's Dominion: The History of Canadian Methodism, Buffalo: McGill-Queen's University Press, ISBN 0-7735-1367-1
• Sweet, William Warren (1954) Methodism in American History, Revision of 1953, Nashville: Abingdon Press, 472 p.
• Wigger, John H. (1998) Taking Heaven by Storm: Methodism and the Rise of Popular Christianity in America, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-510452-8 – p. ix & 269 focus on 1770-1910

Primary sources

• Richey, Russell E. , Rowe, Kenneth E. and Schmidt, Jean Miller (eds. ) (2000) The Methodist Experience in America: a sourcebook, Nashville: Abingdon Press, ISBN 0-687-24673-3 – 756 p. of original documents
• Sweet, William Warren (ed. ) (1946) Religion on the American Frontier: Vol. 4, The Methodists,1783-1840: A Collection of Source Materials, New York: H. Holt & Co. , – 800 p. of documents regarding the American frontier

External links

• World Methodist Council
• The Methodist Church Of Great Britain
• Divisions and Reunions in North American Methodism
• United Methodist Church
• United Methodist Social Principles
• Francis Asbury
• Methodist History Bookmarks
• Union of Waldensian and Methodist Churches in Italy
• Pictures of Strawbridge Shrine near New Windsor, MD