Metelko alphabet (Slovene: metelčica) was a Slovene writing system developed by Franc Serafin Metelko. Slovene or Slovenian ( slovenski jezik or slovenščina, not to be confused with Slovenčina) is a South Slavic language Franc Serafin Metelko ( 14 July, 1779 - 27 December, 1860) was a Slovene Roman Catholic Priest, Author It was used by a small group of authors from 1825 to 1833 but it was never generally accepted. Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common

South Slavic languages and dialects Western South Slavic Slovene Language Dialects Slovene dialects Central South Slavic diasystem Croatian language Dialects Kajkavian · Chakavian Western Shtokavian Burgenland · Molise Bosnian language Dialects Central Shtokavian Serbian language Dialects Eastern Shotkavian · Slavoserbian Romano-Serbian · Užice Differences between Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian Deprecated or non-ISO recognized languages Serbo-Croatian language Bunjevac language Montenegrin language Šokac language Eastern South Slavic Old Church Slavonic Church Slavonic Bulgarian · Macedonian Dialects Banat Bulgarian · Shopski Slavic dialects of Greece Dialects of Macedonian Transitional dialects Eastern-Central Torlak dialects · Našinski Western-Central Kajkavian Alphabets Modern Gaj’s Latin alphabet1 Serbian Cyrillic alphabet Macedonian Cyrillic Bulgarian Cyrillic Slovene alphabet Historical Bohoričica · Dajnčica · Metelčica Arebica · Bosnian Cyrillic Glagolitic · Early Cyrillic 1 Includes Banat Bulgarian alphabet which is based on it. Slovene or Slovenian ( slovenski jezik or slovenščina, not to be confused with Slovenčina) is a South Slavic language Spoken Slovene has at least 32 main Dialects ( narečje) ( dI) and speeches ( govor) ( sP) Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Croatian Kajkavian dialect ( Croatian: kajkavski, proper name kajkavica or kajkavština) is one of the three main dialects of the Croatian Chakavian dialect ( Čakavian; Croatian: čakavski, proper name čakavica or čakavština) is a dialect of the Croatian language Shtokavian or Štokavian (štokavski is the main dialect of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian languages Burgenland Croatian language or dialect ( gradišćanskohrvatski jezik) belongs to the South Slavic branch of the Slavic languages. Molise Croatian dialect (also Molise Slavic Slavisano na-našo) is spoken in the Campobasso Province in the Molise Region of Italy, in three Bosnian language (Bosnian bosanski jezik) sometimes referred as Bosniak language or Bosniac language is a South Slavic language native Shtokavian or Štokavian (štokavski is the main dialect of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian languages Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Shtokavian or Štokavian (štokavski is the main dialect of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian languages The Slavonic-Serbian language (славяносербскій / slavjanoserbskij or словенскій slovenskij; славеносрпски / slavenosrpski The Serbian Romany language (ISO 639-3/SIL code rsb) is the Mixed language of Serbian (a South Slavic language) and Romany (an The Užican speech (also spelled Užičan speech) or Zlatiborian speech ( Serbian Cyrillic: ужички говор or златиборски говор ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language (cрпскохрватски језик srpskohrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic Diasystem Montenegrin language ( Cyrillic script: Црногорски језик, Latin: Crnogorski jezik) is the name given to the Ijekavian- Shtokavian The Šokac language ( Šokački jezik) was a language listed in Austro-Hungarian censuses to make sure old Cyrillic letters are displayed properly (For example instead of just Ѣ write Ѣ Church Slavonic (also Church Slavic, Old Bulgarian) is the Liturgical language of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Macedonian Orthodox Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. The Banat Bulgarians ( Banat Bulgarian: palćene or banátsći balgare; common банатски българи banatski balgari) are a distinct Shopi (шопи Scientific transliteration šopi singular шоп šop with various regional names also existing is a regional term referring to the inhabitants of the The Slavic dialects of Greece are the dialects of Bulgarian or Macedonian spoken by minority groups in the regions of Macedonia and Thrace The dialects of Macedonian comprise the Slavic dialects spoken in the Republic of Macedonia as well as some varieties spoken in the wider geographic region of Macedonia Torlak ( Cyrillic: Торлачки говор Торлашки говор Latinic: Torlački govor) or simply Torlakian, is the name used Našinski, meaning "our (language" or Goranian is a South Slavic idiom more specifically a Torlakian dialect spoken by the Gorani Croatian Kajkavian dialect ( Croatian: kajkavski, proper name kajkavica or kajkavština) is one of the three main dialects of the Croatian The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is The Macedonian alphabet (Македонска азбука Makedonska azbuka) is an adaptation of the Cyrillic alphabet used to write the modern Macedonian language Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The Slovene alphabet is an extension of the Latin alphabet and is used in the Slovene. The Bohorič alphabet (bohoričica was an Orthography used for the Slovene language between the 16th and 19th centuries Dajnko alphabet or dajnčica was a Slovene writing system invented by Peter Dajnko. Arebica or arabica was a variant of the Perso-Arabic script used by Bosnian Muslims to write the Bosnian language. Bosnian Cyrillic is an extinct Cyrillic script that originated in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavic Alphabet. The original Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the tenth century to write the Old Church Slavonic Liturgical v • d • e

Metelko introduced his alphabet in the book Lehrgebäude der slowenischen Sprache (a book for learning Slovene; written in German). He invented his alphabet in order to replace the formerly used Bohorič alphabet (bohoričica), which was problematic in certain situations. The Bohorič alphabet (bohoričica was an Orthography used for the Slovene language between the 16th and 19th centuries Metelko was influenced by the ideas of Jernej Kopitar, a well-known linguist who also participated in the development of the modern Serbian alphabet (created by Vuk Karadžić, following Kopitar's ideas). Jernej Kopitar (born 21 August 1780 - 11 August 1844) was a Slovene linguist. Vuk Stefanović Karadžić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Вук Стефановић Караџић ( November 7, 1787 - February 7, 1864

Metelko's alphabet has 32 letters in following alphabetical order:

A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V

Special letters are explained in following table (other letters have the same meaning as in modern Slovene):

Metelko's alphabet

majuscule	minuscule	IPA	modern Slovene
		/ts/	c
		/tʃ/	č
S	s	/s/	s
		/ʃ/	š
		/ʃtʃ/	šč
		/z/	z
		/ʒ/	ž
H	h	/h/	h
		/x/	h
		/lj/	lj
		/nj/	nj
E	e	/ɛ/	e (open e; also ê)
		/e/	e (close e; also é)
		/ə/	e (schwae; also ə)
O	o	/o/	o (close o; also ó)
		/ɔ/	o (open o; also ô)

Metelko wanted to solve the problem of the formerly used digraphs ZH (for /tʃ/) and SH (for /ʃ/ and /ʒ/) by replacing them with special letters , and . The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic

Metelko also added special letters for common groups , and .

The difference between glotal and velar H (/h/, /x/) is in fact not important for Slovene speakers, therefore the letter was omitted by some authors.

In the formerly used Bohorič alphabet, certain words with different pronunciation had the same spelling. Metelko wanted to solve this problem by splitting E into three and O into two variants. Metelko's letters E, and represent the vowels /ɛ/, /e/ and /ə/, which were formerly written with E. Metelko's letters O and represent the vowels /o/ and /ɔ/, which were formerly written with O.

The main problem of Metelko's alphabet was its graphic design. Metelko's letters appeared strange to the average Slovene writer and the alphabet itself was soon nicknamed krevljica - the twisted alphabet. Some letters were in fact difficult to write in handwriting. Besides Metelko was strongly influenced by his own dialect, certain solutions were not accepted by speakers of other dialects. Soon strong opposition rose against Metelko's alphabet.

After the "Slovene alphabet war" Metelko's alphabet was forbidden in 1833. Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common A few years later Slovenes accepted Gaj's Latin alphabet (Slovene: gajica), which is easier to write. In this alphabet variants in pronunciation are written using accents (é, ê, ó, ô, etc. ) but only in cases when it is necessary in order to distinguish two words (eg. klóp = bench; klôp = tick). For metonymic and other uses see Bench (metonymy and Bench A bench is a piece of Furniture, which mostly offersseveral persons Ixodes ricinus, known as the sheep tick or castor bean tick, is a hard-bodied Tick (family Ixodidae) of Europe.

See also

• Slovene alphabet

Sources

• Enciklopedija Slovenije, 7. The Slovene alphabet is an extension of the Latin alphabet and is used in the Slovene. zvezek, Metelčica. Mladinska knjiga, Ljubljana, 1993.

External links

• Metelčica, text example

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