In computer science, message passing is a form of communication used in parallel computing, object-oriented programming, and interprocess communication. Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the Science of the theoretical foundations of Information and Computation and their Parallel computing is a form of computation in which many instructions are carried out simultaneously operating on the principle that large problems can often Object-oriented programming (OOP is a Programming paradigm that uses " objects " and their interactions to design applications and computer programs Inter-Process Communication ( IPC) is a set of techniques for the exchange of data among two or more threads in one or more processes. Communication is made by the sending of messages to recipients. Forms of messages include function invocation, signals, and data packets. Prominent models of computation based on message passing include the Actor model and the process calculi. In Computer science, the Actor model is a mathematical model of Concurrent computation that treats "actors" as the universal primitives of concurrent In Computer science, the process calculi (or process algebras) are a diverse family of related approaches to formally modelling Concurrent systems Process
Microkernel operating systems pass messages between one kernel and one or more server blocks. A microkernel is a minimal Computer Operating system kernel which in its purest form provides no operating-system services at all only the An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination
Distributed object and remote method invocation systems like ONC RPC, Corba, Java RMI, DCOM, SOAP, .NET Remoting, QNX Neutrino RTOS, OpenBinder, D-Bus and similar are message passing systems. ONC RPC, short for Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call, is a widely deployed Remote procedure call system The Common Object Requesting Broker Architecture (CORBA is a standard defined by the Object Management Group (OMG that enables software components written The Java Remote Method Invocation API, or Java RMI, is a Java application programming interface for performing the object equivalent of Remote procedure Distributed Component Object Model ( DCOM) is a proprietary Microsoft technology for communication among software components distributed across SOAP (see below for name and origins is a protocol for exchanging XML -based messages over Computer networks normally using OpenBinder is a system for interprocess communication. It was developed at Be Inc D-Bus is a Free software project which offers a simple way for applications to communicate with one another The term is also used in High Performance Computing using Message Passing Interface. High-performance computing (HPC uses Supercomputers and Computer clusters to solve advanced computing problems Message Passing Interface ( MPI) is a specification for an API that allows many computers to communicate with one another
The concept of message passing is also used in Bayesian inference over Graphical models. Bayesian inference is Statistical inference in which evidence or observations are used to update or to newly infer the Probability that a hypothesis may be true In Probability theory, Statistics, and Machine learning, a graphical model (GM is a graph that represents independencies among Random variables
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Overview
Message passing systems have been called "shared nothing" systems because the message passing abstraction hides underlying state changes that may be used in the implementation of sending messages.
Message passing model based programming languages typically define messaging as the (usually asynchronous) sending (usually by copy) of a data item to a communication endpoint (Actor, process, thread, socket, etc. ). Such messaging is used in Web Services by SOAP. A Web service (also Web Service) is defined by the W3C as "a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction SOAP (see below for name and origins is a protocol for exchanging XML -based messages over Computer networks normally using This concept is the higher-level version of a datagram except that messages can be larger than a packet and can optionally be made reliable, durable, secure, and/or transacted. In Information technology, a packet is a formatted unit of Data carried by a Packet mode Computer network. A database transaction is a unit of work performed against a Database management system or similar system that is treated in a coherent and reliable way independent of other
Messages are also commonly used in the same sense as a means of interprocess communication; the other common technique
Examples of Message passing style
Influences on other programming models
OOP
In the terminology of some object-oriented languages, a message is the single means to pass control to an object. Inter-Process Communication ( IPC) is a set of techniques for the exchange of data among two or more threads in one or more processes. In Computer science, Actor model implementation concerns implementation issues for the Actor model. SOAP (see below for name and origins is a protocol for exchanging XML -based messages over Computer networks normally using Amorphous computing refers to computational systems that use very large numbers of identical parallel processors each having limited computational ability and local interactions The notion of antiobjects is a computational metaphor useful to conceptualize and solve hard problems by swapping computational foreground and background In Computer science, flow-based programming ( FBP) is a Programming paradigm that defines applications as networks of "black box" Object-oriented programming (OOP is a Programming paradigm that uses " objects " and their interactions to design applications and computer programs If the object 'responds' to the message, it has a method for that message. In Object-oriented programming, the term method refers to a Subroutine that is exclusively associated either with a class (called class methods
Sending the same message to an object twice will usually result in the object applying the method twice. Two messages are considered to be the same message type, if the name and the arguments of the message are identical. In Computer programming, a parameter is a variable which takes on the meaning of a corresponding Argument (computer science is same article--> argument
Objects can send messages to other objects from within their method bodies.
Alan Kay has suggested that he placed too much emphasis on objects themselves and not enough on the messages being sent between them. Alan Curtis Kay (born May 17, 1940) is an American Computer scientist, known for his early pioneering work on Object-oriented programming Message passing enables extreme late binding in systems. In Programming languages name binding is the association of values with Identifiers An identifier bound to a value is said to reference
Other
Some languages support the forwarding or delegation of method invocations from one object to another if the former has no method to handle the message, but 'knows' another object that may have one. In Object-oriented programming there are two related notions of delegation.
See also
- Database-centric architecture
- Event loop
- Inter-process communication
- Message-oriented middleware
- Message loop in Microsoft Windows
- Distributed computing
References
- Ramachandran, U. Database-centric architecture or data-centric architecture has several distinct meanings generally relating to Software architectures in which Databases In Computer science, the event loop, message dispatcher, message loop or message pump is a programming construct that waits for and dispatches Inter-Process Communication ( IPC) is a set of techniques for the exchange of data among two or more threads in one or more processes. Message-oriented middleware (MOM is a client/server infrastructure that increases the interoperability portability and flexibility of an application by allowing the application Microsoft Windows programs are event-based. They act upon messages that the operating system posts to the main application thread Distributed computing deals with Hardware and Software Systems containing more than one processing element or Storage element concurrent ; M. Solomon, M. Vernon (1987). "Hardware support for interprocess communication". Proceedings of the 14th annual international symposium on Computer architecture, ACM Press.
- McQuillan, John M. ; David C. Walden (1975). "Some considerations for a high performance message-based interprocess communication system". Proceedings of the 1975 ACM SIGCOMM/SIGOPS workshop on Interprocess communications, ACM Press.
- Shimizu, Toshiyuki; Takeshi Horie, Hiroaki Ishihata (1992). "Low-latency message communication support for the AP1000". Proceedings of the 19th annual international symposium on Computer architecture, ACM Press.
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