| Meskhetian Turks Ahıska Türkleri |
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c. 300. Circa (often abbreviated c, ca, ca or cca and sometimes Italicized to show it is Latin) means "about" 000 |
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| Turkish, Russian, Georgian, Azeri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turks, Terekeme, other Muslims of Meskheti |
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Meskhetian Turks or Meskhetians are the former Muslim inhabitants of Meskheti (Georgia), along the border with Turkey. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Kyrgyzstan (ˈkɻ̩gɪztɑn (AmE or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия or Киргизстан or Кыргызстан Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Georgian (ka ქართული ენა kartuli ena) is the Official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language For the municipality in Azerbaijan see Qarapapaq. The Karapapak (Karapapakh Garapapag Terekeme are a small ethnic group of Turkic-speaking Meskheti is a mountainous area and a former province in southwestern Georgia. The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language The culture of Turkey is diverse combining elements derived from Ottoman, European and Middle Eastern traditions Ottoman architecture is the Architecture of the Ottoman Empire which emerged in Bursa and Edirne in 14th and 15th centuries Turkish art refers to all works of Art originating from the geographical area of what is present day Turkey. Turkish cinema is an important part of Turkish culture, and has flourished over the years delivering entertainment to audiences in Turkey, expatriates across Turkish cuisine is largely the heritage of Ottoman cuisine, which can be described as a fusion and refinement of Central Asian, Middle Eastern and Hora (dance region Trakya. Zeybek dance region Aegean,Southern MarmaraMiddle-eastern Anatolia More than 100 Festivals are held in Turkey every year Along with festivals of local scale held in almost every city of the country cultural events and other festivals of international The tradition of Folklore —folktales jokes legends and the like—in the Turkish language is very rich and is incorporated into every day life and events The official Holidays in Turkey are established by the Act 2429 of March 191981 that replaced the Act 2739 of May 27 1935 Turkish literature (Türk edebiyatı or Türk yazını is the collection of written and oral texts composed in the Turkish language, either in its Ottoman The music of Turkey includes diverse elements ranging from Central Asian folk music and music from Ottoman Empire dominions such as Persian music, The National Sport of Turkey is Yağlı güreş also known as Oiled Wrestling The Turkish Theatre encompasses the traditional theatre practice of the Ottoman period and the modern Turkish theatre Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Turkish Cypriots ( Turkish: Kıbrıs Türkleri or Kıbrıslı Türkler Greek: Τουρκοκύπριοι are the ethnically Turkish inhabitants of the 2001 Distribution of Turks in Bulgaria by Districtjpg|thumb|100px|Distribution of Turks in Bulgaria by District in 2001]] Turks in Bulgaria Cretan Turks ( Turkish: Giritli or Girit Türkleri or Türk Giritliler) came about as a consequence of the Ottoman rule in The Muslim minority of Greece ( Greek: μουσουλμανική μειονότητα Ελλάδας mousoulmaniki meionotita Elladas; Turkish: Yunanistan The Turks of the Dodecanese form a 5000-strong community of ethnic Turks inhabiting the Dodecanese islands of Rhodes and Kos ( İstanköy Turks (Batı Trakya Türkleri form an officially unrecognized minority group in Greece, traditionally settled in the northeastern region of Thrace The Iraqi Turkmen (also spelled Turkomen, Turcoman, and Turkman) ( Turkish: Irak Türkmenleri) are a distinct Turkic Turks in Kosovo are an ethnic minority group History The Ottomans brought Islamisation with them particularly in towns and later There are 77959 Turks in the Republic of Macedonia, who live in the municipalities of Centar Župa and Plasnica (in which they form the majority of population History As the entire Balkan Peninsula become an integral part of the emerging Ottoman Empire (a process which concluded with the Fall of Constantinople Syrian Turkmen or Syrian Turks (Suriye Türkleri are Syrian citizens of Oghuz Turkish descent who had been living in the Syrian province of the Ottoman Turkish people in Australia are either Turkish people who live in Australia but were born outside the country or are Australian-born but have Turkish roots (Turkish-Australian Turkish people in Austria are either Turkish people who live in Austria even though having been born outside Austria or are Austrian-born but have Turkish Turks in Azerbaijan are Turkish people who live in Azerbaijan Turkish people in Belgium are either Turkish people who live in Belgium even though having been born outside Belgium or are Belgian-born but have Turkish Turks in Denmark are Danish citizens of Turkish origin Over the last two decades there has been a significant increase in the diversity of culture language and Turkish people in France are either those who live in France even though not being born in the county or are French-born but have Turkish roots (Turkish-French or French-Turks Turks in Germany (occasionally German Turks or Turkish Germans, German: Deutschtürken) are people of Turkish ethnicity living Turks in Japan (在日トルコ人 refer to Japanese citizens who also hold citizenship of Turkey. Turkish people in Liechtenstein are either Turkish people who live in Liechtenstein even though having been born outside Liechtenstein or are Liechtenstein-born but The Turkish-Dutch (Turkse Nederlander are citizens of the Netherlands of Turkish ancestry numbering 357900 people in 2006 according to the Dutch Census Migration of Turks to Sweden is a part of Turkish migration to Western Europe which dates back to the beginning of the 1960’s when the economic and social situation British Turks are either Turkish people who live in the United Kingdom even though having been born outside the UK or are British-born but have Turkish Turkish Americans (Amerikadaki Türkler are people that have Turkish ancestry The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 &ndash 10 November 1938 was an army officer revolutionary Statesman This is a list of notable Turkish people. Actors/actresses The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family Crimean Tatars (sg Qırımtatar, pl Qırımtatarlar) or Crimeans (sg The Oghuz (variously known as Ghuzz, Guozz, Kuz, Oguz, Oğuz, Okuz, Oufoi, Ouz, Ouzoi, "Kazar" redirects here for the Marvel Comics character see Ka-Zar; for the village in Azerbaijan see Xəzər. The Krymchaks ( Krymchak: sg кърымчах - qrymchakh, pl The Nogai people (also written as Nogay or Noghai, and sometimes called Caucasian Mongols) are a Turkic ethnic group in northern The Pechenegs or Patzinaks ( Turkish: Peçenekler, Hungarian: Besenyő, Greek: Patzinaki/Petsenegi or Πατζινάκοι/Πετσενέγοι/Πατζινακίται Tatars ( Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар sometimes spelled Tartars, are a Turkic -speaking ethnic group or multiple ethnic groups Tuvans or Tuvinians ( Tuvan: Тывалар Tyvalar) are a group of Mongols or Turkic people. The Uyghur (also spelled Uygur, Uighur, Uigur, Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر) are a Turkic people of Central Asia. The Republic of Turkey is the Successor state of the Ottoman Empire, created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin by the Göktürks ( Turkish: Gök Türkler) were a Turkic people of ancient Central Asia. The Oghuz (variously known as Ghuzz, Guozz, Kuz, Oguz, Oğuz, Okuz, Oufoi, Ouz, Ouzoi, The Great Seljuq Empire was a Medieval Sunni Muslim empire established by the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks that once controlled thumb|350px|Anatolian Turkish Beyliks map Anatolian Beyliks or Turkmen Beyliks ( Turkish: Anadolu Beylikleri, Ottoman Turkish: The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Provisional Government of Western Thrace ( Ottoman Turkish: غربی تراقیا حكومت موقتهسی - Garbi Trakya Hükûmeti Muvakkatesi, Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Meskheti is a mountainous area and a former province in southwestern Georgia. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches They were deported to Central Asia during November 15-25 1944 by Joseph Stalin and settled within Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Kyrgyzstan (ˈkɻ̩gɪztɑn (AmE or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия or Киргизстан or Кыргызстан Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Of the 120,000 forcibly deported in cattle-trucks a total of 10,000 perished. [1] Today they are dispersed over a number of other countries of the former Soviet Union. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 A majority (more than 80%) of Meskhetian Turks are ethnic Turks (Yerli (Turkish-speaking agriculturalists) and Terekeme (Azerbaijani-speaking pastoralists)) with Kurds and Hamshenis. The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. For the municipality in Azerbaijan see Qarapapaq. The Karapapak (Karapapakh Garapapag Terekeme are a small ethnic group of Turkic-speaking A minority(about 20%) are descendants of indigenous Georgians who became Muslim in the 17th-18th centuries. The Georgians (ქართველები kartvelebi) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus, the oldest group of the The estimated population of Meskhetian Turks is around 300,000. They are known as Ahıska Türkleri (Akhaltsikhe Turks) in Turkey. Akhaltsikhe (ახალციხე Ahıska Ախալցխա Akhaltskha; also known as Lomsia) is a small city in southwestern Georgia, Mkhare
In May 1989 a pogrom[2][3][4] of Meskhetian Turks occurred in the crowded and poor Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan as a result of growing ethnic tensions during the era of Glasnost. A pogrom is a form of Riot directed against a particular group whether ethnic religious or other and characterized by destruction of their Homes Businesses The Fergana Valley or Farghana Valley (Farg‘ona vodiysi Kyrgyz: Фергана өрөөнү Tajik: водии Фaрғонa Ферганская долина Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly (Гла́сность)is literally defined as publicity and sometimes figuratively interpreted as "tipping a vase to let someone see into the vase but not the bottom of the vase" This triggered an evacuation of Meskhetian Turks from Uzbekistan.
In the 1990s, Georgia began to receive Meskhetian settlers, provided that they declared themselves to be of ethnic Georgian origin. One of the human rights campaigners on their behalf was Guram Mamulia. Guram Mamulia ( May 9, 1937 - January 1, 2003) was a historian politician and campaigner for Meskhetian rights Their resettlement created tension among the Armenian population of Samtskhe-Javakheti province. The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large Expulsion of Meskhetian Turks from Meshketi Meskhetian Turks or Meskhetians are the former Muslim inhabitants of Meskheti (now known as Samtskhe in Georgia Azerbaijan accepted a number of Meskhetians, but faced problems with refugees from Nagorno-Karabakh, and the government did not accept larger numbers. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South For the republic see Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Nagorno-Karabakh is a Region in the South Caucasus. Turkey, seen as their homeland by many Meskhetian Turks themselves, started a program of resettling Meskhetian immigrants in the underprivileged, Kurdish majority eastern regions of the country. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches This program was for fewer than 200 individuals, and fell short of expectations. The government of the Soviet Union encouraged Meskhetians to settle in selected oblasts of the Russian SSR, and most received Russian Federation citizenship in 1992. Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division The legal status of those who moved to Krasnodar Krai, however, remained undetermined, and many were Stateless. Krasnodar Krai (Краснода́рский край Krasnodarsky kray) is a federal subject of Russia (a Krai) located in the Southern [5] Their presence caused tensions with the local Cossack population. Kuban Cossacks (Кубанские кaзаки Kubanskiye Kаzaki) are Cossacks who live in the Kuban region of Russia. [6] To help resolve the situation, the International Organization for Migration implemented a program to resettle Meskhetian Turks from the Krasnodar Krai to the United States between 2004 and 2007. The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organization The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In cooperation with the two governments (Russia and the US), approximately 11,500 individuals departed. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending
See also
Notes
- ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2003/apr/05/guardianobituaries.usa as retrieved on 29 Apr 2008 20:59:44 GMT
- ^ Pål Kolstø, Andrei Edemsky (1995), Russians in the Former Soviet Republics, p. The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family 224. Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253329175.
- ^ Kathleen. Collins (2006), Clan Politics and Regime Transition in Central Asia, p. 2006. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521839505.
- ^ J. Otto Pohl (1999), Ethnic Cleansing in the USSR, 1937-1949, p. 18. Greenwood Press, ISBN 0313309213.
- ^ [http://www.mid.ru/ns-dgpch.nsf/6786f16f9aa1fc72432569ea0036120e/e5577206e63ab5bdc32570220027e971?OpenDocument О положении турок-месхетинцев в Краснодарском крае Российской Федерации], Russian Ministry of Foreign relations document
- ^ Peter Finn. "Revival of Cossacks Casts Muslim Group Out of Russia to U.S.", The Washington Post, Friday, November 18, 2005, p. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D A19.
References
- Robert Conquest, The Nation Killers: The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities (London: MacMillan, 1970) (ISBN 0-333-10575-3)
- S. Enders Wimbush and Ronald Wixman, "The Meskhetian Turks: A New Voice in Central Asia," Canadian Slavonic Papers 27, Nos. 2 and 3 (Summer and Fall, 1975): 320-340
- Alexander Nekrich, The Punished Peoples: The Deportation and Fate of Soviet Minorities at the End of the Second World War (New York: W. Aleksandr Moiseyevich Nekrich (Александр Моисеевич Некрич (1920–1993 was a Soviet Russian historian since 1976 in emigration to the United States W. Norton, 1978) (ISBN 0-393-00068-0).
- Emma Kh. Panesh and L. B. Ermolov (Translated by Kevin Tuite). Kevin Tuite (in Irish Caoimhin de Tiùite (born April 3, 1954) is a full Professor of Anthropology at the Université de Montréal Meskhetians. World Culture Encyclopedia. Accessed on September 1, 2007. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
External links
- Meskhetians
- Mariana Lamaison Sears. "Refugee life meets policy", The Burlington Free Press, October 15, 2006. The Burlington Free Press is a daily Newspaper based in Burlington Vermont, in the United States.
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