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Mercosur or Mercosul (Spanish: Mercado Común del Sur, Portuguese: Mercado Comum do Sul, Guarani: Ñemby Ñemuha, English: Southern Common Market) is a Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) among Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, founded in 1991 by the Treaty of Asunción, which was later amended and updated by the 1994 Treaty of Ouro Preto. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Guaraní /gwaraˈni/ (local name avañe'ẽ) is an indigenous language of South America that belongs to the Tupí-Guaraní subfamily of the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The Treaty of Asunción was a treaty between the countries of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay signed on March 26, 1991 Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) The 1994 Protocol of Ouro Preto was the continuation of economic policies setting up a Customs union, as set forth four years earlier in the Treaty Its purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency.
Mercosur/Mercosul origins trace back to 1985 when Presidents Raúl Alfonsín of Argentina and José Sarney of Brazil signed the Argentina-Brazil Integration and Economics Cooperation Program or PICE (Spanish: Programa de Integración y Cooperación Económica Argentina-Brasil, Portuguese: Programa de Integração e Cooperação Econômica Argentina-Brasil). Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín Foulkes (born 13 March 1927 in Chascomús) is an Argentine politician who was the President of Argentina José Ribamar Ferreira de Araújo Costa Sarney, ( pron. ʒʊ'zɛ ʁi Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. [1]
Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru currently have associate member status. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Venezuela signed a membership agreement on 17 June 2006, but before becoming a full member its entry has to be ratified by the Paraguayan and the Brazilian parliaments. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
The founding of the Mercosur Parliament was agreed at the December 2004 presidential summit. The Mercosur Parliament is a Mercosur body in which each member gets 18 representatives It should have 18 representatives from each country by 2010. [2]
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Role and potential
Some South Americans see Mercosur as giving the capability to combine resources to balance the activities of other global economic powers, especially the NAFTA and the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The organization could also potentially pre-empt the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA); however, over half of the current Mercosur member countries rejected the FTAA proposal at the IV Cumbre de las Américas (IV Summit of the Americas) in Argentina in 2005. The Free Trade Area of the Americas ( FTAA) ( Spanish: Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA French: Zone de libre-échange des The seaside resort of Mar del Plata, in the, about 400 km (250 Miles southeast of the capital, was the venue of the Fourth Summit of the Americas Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. However, development of the Union of South American Nations seems to suggest that the countries of South America are not opposed to regional integration but merely wary of the United States-backed FTAA. __FORCETOC__The Union of South American Nations (Unión de Naciones Suramericanas - UNASUR, União de Nações Sul-Americanas - UNASUL, Unie van Zuid-Amerikaanse Naties South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
The development of Mercosur was arguably weakened by the collapse of the Argentine economy in 2001 and it has still seen internal conflicts over trade policy, between Brazil and Argentina, Argentina and Uruguay, Paraguay and Brazil, etc. The free movement of individuals has been a matter of practical controversy, as Argentina unilaterally charges a 5 Pesos fee from Mercosur citizens going through the country. In addition, many obstacles are to be addressed before the development of a common currency in Mercosur[3].
In December 2004 it signed a cooperation agreement with the Andean Community trade bloc (CAN) and they published a joint letter of intention for a future negotiations towards integrating all of South America. The Andean Community ( Spanish: Comunidad Andina, CAN) is a Trade bloc comprising the South American countries of The prospect of increased political integration within the organization, as per the European Union and advocated by some, is still uncertain.
The bloc comprises a population of more than 263 million people, and the combined Gross Domestic Product of the full-member nations is in excess of 2. List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. 78 trillion dollars a year (PPP) according to IMF numbers, making Mercosur the fifth largest economy in the World. The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation
FTA with third parties
Recently, with the new cooperation agreement with Mercosur, the Andean Community gained four new associate members: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Andean Community ( Spanish: Comunidad Andina, CAN) is a Trade bloc comprising the South American countries of These four Mercosur members were granted associate membership by the Andean Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in an enlarged session with the Commission (of the Andean Community) on 7 July 2005. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This move reciprocates the actions of Mercosur which granted associate membership to all the Andean Community nations by virtue of the Economic Complementarity Agreements (Free Trade Agreements) signed between the CAN and individual Mercosur members. See also List of free trade agreements This is article is on free international trade [4]
On 30 December 2005 Colombian president Álvaro Uribe signed a law that ratifies an FTA with Mercosur and gives Colombian products preferential access to a market of 230 million people. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Álvaro Uribe Vélez ('alβ̞aɾo u'ɾiβ̞e 'β̞eles born July 4 1952 in Medellín) is a Colombian politician and lawyer who is currently the 39th President Colombian entrepreneurs will also be able to import materials and capital goods from Mercosur at lower costs due to reduced tariffs resulting from the agreement.
The agreement's asymmetry clauses favor Colombia because it allows the gradual and progressive reduction of tariffs and likewise gives Colombia the opportunity to gradually reform its production system to adapt it to the requirements of the future negotiations within the scheme of Mercosur and the Union of South American Nations. __FORCETOC__The Union of South American Nations (Unión de Naciones Suramericanas - UNASUR, União de Nações Sul-Americanas - UNASUL, Unie van Zuid-Amerikaanse Naties
On December 18, 2007, Mercosur signed a free trade agreement with Israel in Uruguay. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [5] [6]
Venezuela
Venezuela applied for membership, but its entry hasn't been ratified by Paraguay nor Brazil, although it was ratified by Argentina and Uruguay. [7] In May 2007, the Brazilian Senate asked Venezuela to reconsider the non-renewal of RCTV's license, an oppositionist television network. Radio Caracas Televisión Internacional ( RCTV Internacional) is a Venezuelan cable Television network headquartered in the President Hugo Chávez responded accusing the Brazilian Congress of being subservient to interests of the United States. [8] The leader of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party in the Senate, senator Arthur Virgílio, stated that the party will try to prevent Venezuela's entry in Mercosur. The Brazilian Social Democracy Party ( Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira, PSDB is a Political party in Brazil.
Members
The following countries are full members, in the process of becoming full members, associate members or observers. [9]
Full Members
Becoming Full Members
Associate Members
Observers
See also
- Andean Community
- Central American Common Market
- Customs Union
- Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas
- Free Trade Area of the Americas
- Trade bloc
- Union of South American Nations
Further reading
- Samuel A. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Andean Community ( Spanish: Comunidad Andina, CAN) is a Trade bloc comprising the South American countries of The Central American Common Market ( CACM; Spanish: Mercado Común Centroamericano, MCCA was an economic trade organisation between five nations of A customs union is a Free trade area with a Common external tariff. The Bolivarian Alternative for the People of Our America ( Spanish: Alternativa Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América or ALBA - which also means 'dawn' in The Free Trade Area of the Americas ( FTAA) ( Spanish: Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA French: Zone de libre-échange des A trade bloc is a large Free trade area formed by one or more Tax tariff and trade agreements __FORCETOC__The Union of South American Nations (Unión de Naciones Suramericanas - UNASUR, União de Nações Sul-Americanas - UNASUL, Unie van Zuid-Amerikaanse Naties Arieti, The Role of MERCOSUR as a Vehicle for Latin American Integration, Chicago Journal of International Law, vol. The Chicago Journal of International Law ("CJIL" is a semiannual student-edited Law review published by the University of Chicago Law School 6 (2005/2006), pp. 761-773.
References
- ^ Official Site of the Argentinian Subsecretary for Political and Commercial Management (Spanish)
- ^ http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N14171666.htm
- ^ Hardman Reis, T. "Aspectos Jurídicos da Criação de um sistema monetário para o Mercosul", Hardman Reis e Gomes Eduardo (Coord. ) Globalização e Comércio Internacional no Direito da Integração, 2005, São Paulo, Ed. Lex/Aduaneiras, p. 235
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Mercosur signs first out of region trade accord with Israel", Mercopress. Retrieved on 2007-12-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Archived from the original on 2007-12-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian
- ^ "Mercosul-Israel Free Trade Agreement", Brazilian Embassy in Washington. Retrieved on 2008-02-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland
- ^ Bragon, Ranier (2007-09-22), “Folha de São Paulo”, A Chávez, governo prevê aprovação neste ano, São Paulo, São Paulo: Folha da Manhã S. Folha de SPaulo is a Portuguese language Newspaper published in São Paulo. A. , p. A10
- ^ Bragon, Ranier (2007-09-22), “Folha de São Paulo”, Congresso brasileiro reage a fala de Chávez, São Paulo, São Paulo: Folha da Manhã S. Folha de SPaulo is a Portuguese language Newspaper published in São Paulo. A. , p. A10
- ^ Mercosur summit ends, commits to Venezuela membership, reducing asymmetry, People's Daily Online, 2007-12-19
- ^ Osava, Mario; Marcela Valente (Argentina), David Vargas (Paraguay), Darío Montero (Uruguay) and Humberto Márquez (Venezuela). "CHALLENGES 2007-2008: Mercosur Limps Slowly Along", Inter Press Service, 2008-01-04. Inter Press Service (abbreviated IPS) is a global News agency. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Retrieved on 2008-01-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Archived from the original on 2008-01-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. "But Venezuela’s entry . . . is still awaiting ratification by the Brazilian and Paraguayan parliaments. The general elections scheduled in Paraguay for April 2008 are an additional factor of uncertainty. "
External links
- Mercosur Official Website
- Radio Mercosur - News and Radio online
- BBC - S America Creates Single Market
- Mercosur on SICE/OAS site
- Council on Foreign Relations: Mercosur: South America’s Fractious Trade Bloc
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