Menachem Mendel Schneerson
Lubavitcher Rebbe
"The Rebbe"
Term	1951-01-17 – 1994-06-12
Full name	Menachem Mendel Schneerson
Main work	Likkutei Sichos
Born	1902-04-05 OS (11 Nissan 5662)
	Mykolaiv
Died	1994-06-12 NS (3 Tammuz 5754)
	Brooklyn, New York
Buried	Queens, New York
Dynasty	Chabad Lubavitch
Predecessor	Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn
Father	Levi Yitzchak Schneerson
Mother	Chanah, née Yanovski
Wife	Chaya Mushka Schneerson

Menachem Mendel Schneerson (April 18, 1902 – June 12, 1994), known as The Rebbe^[1], was a prominent Hasidic rabbi who was the seventh and last Rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Likkutei Sichos, lit "Collected Discourses" ( ליקוטי שיחות) is an anthology of essays relating to the weekly portion of the bible Torah Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year Mykolaiv (Миколаїв or Nikolayev (Николаев is a major City in southern Ukraine. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Gimmel Tammuz, the third day of the month of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar, is the Yom Hillula (anniversary of the passing of Rabbi Menachem Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. Chabad-Lubavitch is one of the largest Hasidic movements in Orthodox Judaism, and is based in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn Yosef Yitzchok (Joseph Isaac Schneersohn (יוסף יצחק שניאורסאהן  9 June, 1880 OS - 28 January 1950 NS Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, (1878-1944 was a Chabad Hasidic Rabbi in Yekatrinoslav, Ukraine. Chaya Mushka (Moussia Schneerson ( March 16, 1901 – February 10, 1988) referred to by Lubavitchers as The Rebbetzin was Rebbe (רבי (pronounced in English which means master teacher or mentor is a Yiddish word derived from the identical Hebrew word Rabbi Chabad-Lubavitch is one of the largest Hasidic movements in Orthodox Judaism, and is based in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn Menachem Mendel Schneersohn ( 1789-09-09 - 1866-03-17 OS) also known as the Tzemach Tzedek was an Orthodox Rabbi Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Hasidic Judaism (also Chasidic, etc from the Hebrew: he '''''חסידות''''', Chassidus, meaning "piety" from the Hebrew Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master Rebbe (רבי (pronounced in English which means master teacher or mentor is a Yiddish word derived from the identical Hebrew word Rabbi Chabad-Lubavitch is one of the largest Hasidic movements in Orthodox Judaism, and is based in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn He was fifth in a direct paternal line to the third Chabad-Lubavitch Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn. Menachem Mendel Schneersohn ( 1789-09-09 - 1866-03-17 OS) also known as the Tzemach Tzedek was an Orthodox Rabbi

In 1950, upon the passing of his predecessor, his father-in-law, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn, he assumed the leadership of Chabad-Lubavitch. Yosef Yitzchok (Joseph Isaac Schneersohn (יוסף יצחק שניאורסאהן  9 June, 1880 OS - 28 January 1950 NS He led the movement until his passing in 1994, greatly expanding its worldwide activities and founding a network of institutions, as of 2006 in 70 countries, to spread Orthodox Judaism, with the stated goal of "Jewish unity". Orthodox Judaism is the formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized ^[2]

Biography

Early life

Part of a series on
Chabad Hasidism
Rebbes of Lubavitch
1. Chabad-Lubavitch is one of the largest Hasidic movements in Orthodox Judaism, and is based in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn Shneur Zalman of Liadi
2. Shneur Zalman of Liadi ( שניאור זלמן מליאדי) ( September 4, 1745 – December 15, 1812 O Dovber Schneuri
3. Dovber Schneuri ( 1773-11-13 - 1827-11-16 OS) was the second Rebbe (spiritual leader of the Chabad Lubavitch chasidic Menachem Mendel Schneersohn
4. Menachem Mendel Schneersohn ( 1789-09-09 - 1866-03-17 OS) also known as the Tzemach Tzedek was an Orthodox Rabbi Shmuel Schneersohn
5. Shmuel Schneersohn (or Rabbi Shmuel of Lubavitch or The Rebbe Maharash) ( 1834-04-29 &ndash 1882-09-14 OS) was an Orthodox Sholom Dovber Schneersohn
6. Sholom Dovber Schneersohn (שלום דובער שניאורסאהן 1860-10-24 OS - 1920-03-21 NS was an Orthodox Rabbi and the Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn
7. Yosef Yitzchok (Joseph Isaac Schneersohn (יוסף יצחק שניאורסאהן  9 June, 1880 OS - 28 January 1950 NS Menachem Mendel Schneerson
History
770 Eastern Parkway · 19 Kislev · Ohel
Chabad library · Crown Heights Riot · 11 Nissan
Brooklyn Bridge Shooting · 3 Tammuz
Organisations
Agudas Chasidei Chabad · Chabad on Campus
Chabad.org · Kehot Publication Society · Library
Gan Israel · Sheloh · Jewish Relief Agency
Children's Museum · Jewish Learning Institute
Ohr Avner · Colel Chabad · Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch
Tzivos Hashem · Vaad Rabonei Lubavitch
Notable figures
Hillel Paritcher · Yehuda Chitrik · C. M. A. Hodakov
Itche Der Masmid · Manis Friedman · Yoel Kahn
Leib Groner · C. M. Schneerson· Shemaryahu Gurary
L. Y. Schneerson · Berel Lazar · Moshe Kotlarsky
Yehuda Krinsky · Z. M. HaYitzchaki · Nissan Neminov
Herman Branover · Zalman Serebryanski
Communities
Crown Heights · Kfar Chabad
Texts
Hayom Yom · Igrot Kodesh · Tanya · Likkutei Sichos
Tehillat HaShem · Shulchan Aruch HaRav
Schools
Bais Rivka · Hadar Hatorah · Yeshivah College
Oholei Torah · Tomchei Temimim · Ohel Chana
Yeshivah Gedolah Zal · Beth Rivkah Ladies College
Rabbinical College · Ohr Avner · Mayanot
Outreach
Mitzvah Campaigns · Chabad house · Mitzvah tank
Tefillin · Noahide laws · Shliach · Letter in Sefer Torah
Terminology
Chitas · Mashpia · Meiniach · Farbrengen
Nusach Ari · Choizer · Chabadnitze
Related Topics
Strashelye · Kapust · Controversies · Messianism
v • d • e

Born in Nikolayev, Ukraine, Schneerson received mostly Jewish private education. 770 Eastern Parkway, is the street address of the central headquarters of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement, located on Eastern Parkway in the The 19 Kislev ( י"ט כסלו) refers to the 19th day of the Jewish Month of Kislev. The Ohel is the name of a religious shrine in Queens New York, to which thousands of people make a pilgrimage each year The Central Chabad Lubavitch Library is the Library of Agudas Chasidei Chabad. The Crown Heights Riot was a three-day riot that occurred in August of 1991 in the Crown Heights neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn Bridge Shooting occurred March 1 1994. A van carrying 15 members of Chabad-Lubavitch Orthodox Jewish students were traveling on the Gimmel Tammuz, the third day of the month of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar, is the Yom Hillula (anniversary of the passing of Rabbi Menachem Agudas Chassidei Chabad (Union of Chabad Chassidim or Association of Chabad Chassidim also known by its initials "Aguch" is the umbrella organization for the worldwide Chabad-Lubavitch Chabadorg is the flagship Website of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement Kehot Publication Society and Merkos Publications the publishing divisions of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement were established in 1942 by the sixth Lubavitcher The Central Chabad Lubavitch Library is the Library of Agudas Chasidei Chabad. Gan Israel Camping Network is an umbrella term for a group of Jewish religious Summer camps affiliated with the Chabad-Lubavitch movement of Orthodox Jewish Released Time, also known as Sheloh (an abbreviation for Shi'urei Limud Hados (Classes for Learning the Religion is an organization promoting Released Contact Information Address 145 Montgomery Avenue Bala Cynwyd PA 19004 USA Phone 1-610-660-0190 The Jewish Children's Museum is the largest Jewish -themed children's Museum in the United States. The Rohr Jewish Learning Institute ( JLI) is the largest network of adult education classes in over 250 cities worldwide and a division of Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch. Ohr Avner Foundation is a philanthropic foundation that was established in 1992 by the Israeli billionaire and emigre from the Colel Chabad is the oldest continuously operating charity of its kind in Israel. Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch (lit Central Organization For Education is the central educational organization of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement Tzivos Hashem, was founded in 1981 by the Lubavitcher Rebbe and is today is the foremost worldwide organization serving the physical and spiritual needs of Jewish Vaad Rabonei Lubavitch is an executive committee of Chabad-Lubavitch Rabbis which oversees Halachic and Jewish legal decisions in Chabad Rabbi Hillel HaLevi Malisov of Paritch, commonly known as Reb Hillel Paritcher ( 1795 - 1864) was a famous Orthodox Jewish Chabad Rabbi Yehuda Chitrik ( August 28, 1899 &ndash February 14, 2006) was an author and Mashpia in the Chabad Rabbi Chaim Mordechai Aizik Hodakov ( 12 January 1902 – 23 April 1993) was the chief of staff of the secretariat of the Lubavitcher Yitzchok Horowitz, more commonly known as Reb Itche der Masmid, was a famous Orthodox Jewish Rabbi in pre-war Europe Rabbi Manis Friedman (born 1946) is a Chabad Lubavitch Hassid. Rabbi Yoel Kahn (or Kahan) is a senior Chabad rabbi Mashpia, Choizer and community leader Rabbi Yehuda Leib Groner (born 1932 was the secretary to the late Lubavitcher Rebbe Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson for over 40 years Chaya Mushka (Moussia Schneerson ( March 16, 1901 – February 10, 1988) referred to by Lubavitchers as The Rebbetzin was Rabbi Shemaryahu Gurary, also known by his Hebrew initials as The Rashag, (1898-1989 was an Orthodox Rabbi belonging to the Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, (1878-1944 was a Chabad Hasidic Rabbi in Yekatrinoslav, Ukraine. Rabbi Berel Lazar (born 1964 is an Orthodox Rabbi affiliated with the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement Rabbi Moshe J Kotlarsky is the Vice Chairman of the Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch, the educational arm of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement Rabbi Chaim Yehuda (Yudel Krinsky (born 1933 is a Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic Rabbi. Shneur Zalman Moishe HaYitzchaki, usually known familiarly as Reb Zalman Moishe, (c Rabbi Nissan Neminov, known familiarly as Reb Nissan, was an Orthodox Jewish Rabbi. Herman Branover (born 1931 was born in Riga, Latvia. As a young scientist in Riga, Branover wrote philosophical essays questioning Atheism Rabbi Yehoshua Shneur Zalman Serebryanski, known familiarly as Reb Zalman, (Dec 1904- 1991-06-15) was an Orthodox Rabbi and Mashpia Crown Heights is a neighborhood in the central portion of the New York City Borough of Brooklyn. Kfar Chabad (כפר חב"ד lit Chabad Village) is a Chabad-Lubavitch village in central Israel. Hayom Yom ( Hebrew: היום יום, "Today is day." is a calendar for the Hebrew year of 5703 (1942-3 compiled by Rabbi Igrot Kodesh (literally "Holy Epistles" but more commonly known as "Letters of the Rebbe " is a collection of the seventh Rebbe of Lubavitch, Note Tanya Rabbati, a 16th century Italian code of Jewish law, is an unrelated work with a similar name Likkutei Sichos, lit "Collected Discourses" ( ליקוטי שיחות) is an anthology of essays relating to the weekly portion of the bible Torah Tehillat HaShem ("praise of God " in Hebrew) is the name of a prayer-book (known as a Siddur in Hebrew used for Jewish services in Shulchan Aruch HaRav ( Hebrew: "Code of Jewish Law by the Rabbi " also Shulkhan Arukh HaRav) is a codification of Halakha Bais Rivka (or Beth Rivkah) is the name used for the Bais Yaakov -type private girls' schools of the Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic movement Yeshiva Hadar Hatorah is one of the world's first Baal teshuva Yeshivas for men rediscovering their Jewish roots This article is about the high school in Melbourne. For other schools of the same name see Yeshiva College. Oholei Torah ("Tents of Torah " is the common name of the Lubavitch schools Educational Institute Oholei Menachem and Talmudical Seminary Tomchei Temimim is the central Yeshiva ( Talmudical academy of the Chabad -Lubavitch Hasidic movement Ohel Chana is an Orthodox Jewish girls' seminary on Balaclava Road in Melbourne Australia run by the Chabad-Lubavitch Yeshivah Gedolah Zal ( ישיבה גדולה זאל) Yeshivah Gedolah, The Rabbinical College of Australia and New Zealand, or colloquially Y Beth Rivkah Ladies College or Beth Rivkah Lubavitch is a single-sex girls' K-12 Orthodox Jewish day-school on Balaclava Road in The Rabbinical College of America is one of the larger Chabad Lubavitch Chasidic Yeshivas in the world Ohr Avner Chabad Day School refers to a network of Jewish day schools founded and supported by Israeli billionaire Lev Leviev, under the auspices of the Chabad Mayanot Institute of Jewish Studies is a Chabad-Lubavitch Yeshiva located in Makor Baruch, Jerusalem, Israel. Chabad Hasidic outreach is today the biggest organised phenomena in the Kiruv world Mitzvah Campaigns, or Mitvtzo'im ( Heb מבצעים) is a term coined by the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson A Chabad House is a centre for disseminating Orthodox Judaism by the Chabad movement A Mitzvah tank is a large vehicle usually a big Van, Travel trailer, Recreational vehicle or Campervan, sometimes even a Pickup truck The Tefillin Campaign refers to a campaign by Chabad Hassidim to influence all male Jews regardless of their level of religious observance to don the Tefillin (phylacteries The Noahide Campaign refers to a campaign by Orthodox Jews of the Chabad movement to influence all non-Jews to follow the Noahide Laws. The Letter in the Sefer Torah campaign is one of the Mitzvah campaigns initiated by the seventh Rebbe of Chabad, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson ChiTaS ( חת"ת) is a Hebrew acronym for Chumash (the five books of Moses) Tehillim ( Psalms) and Mashpia ( משפיע) lit "person of influence" pl Mashpi'im ( משפיעים) is the title of a Rabbi or Rebbetzin who Meiniach ( Heb מניח) lit "one who places" pl Meinichim ( Heb A Farbrengen (from the Yiddish פארברענגען, meaning "joyous gathering" is a Hasidic gathering Nusach Ari means in a general sense any prayer rite following the usages of Rabbi Isaac Luria, the AriZal, in the 16th century, and more particularly Choizer ( Heb חוזר) lit "one who reviews" pl choizrim ( Heb A Chabadnitze ( חב"דניצע) also known as a חדר שני ("second room" is a small side room required for a Chabad Synagogue Strashelye, is a branch of the Chabad school of Hasidic Judaism, named after the town Strashelye in the Mohilev Province of present-day Belarus The Kopuster Hasidic dynasty was based on the Chabad school of thought This article examines controversial issues involving the Chabad-Lubavitch movement. See also Chabad Chabad messianism, or Lubavitch messianism, is a term used to describe a spectrum of beliefs within the Chabad Hasidic Mykolaiv (Миколаїв or Nikolayev (Николаев is a major City in southern Ukraine. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. He studied for a short while with Rabbi Zalman Vilenkin. When Schneerson was age 4-1/2, Vilenkin informed the boy's father that he had nothing more to teach his eldest son. ^[3]

He later studied independently under his father, Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, an authority on Kabbalah and Jewish law^[4] who served as the Rabbi of Yekaterinoslav from 1907 to 1939. Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, (1878-1944 was a Chabad Hasidic Rabbi in Yekatrinoslav, Ukraine. Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law Dnipropetrovsk (Дніпропетровськ Днепропетро́вск Dnepropetrovsk; formerly Yekaterinoslav, ru Екатериносла́въ is He was his primary teacher. He studied Talmud and rabbinic literature, as well as the chasidic view of Jewish mysticism and Kabbalah. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense can mean the entire spectrum of Rabbinic writings throughout Jewish history Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. Schneerson was involved in communal affairs of his father's office throughout his upbringing, where his secular education and knowledge of the Russian language made him a useful aid in assisting his father's public administrative work. He was also said to be an interpreter between the Jewish community and the Russian authorities on a number of occasions. ^[5]

He had two younger brothers, Dovber and Yisroel Aryeh Leib, Schneerson’s younger brother, DovBer, died in 1944 at the hands of Nazi collaborators.

His youngest brother Yisrael Aryeh Leib Schneerson was close to his brother, often traveling with him. He was widely viewed as a genius and studied science. He changed his name to Mark Gourary and moved to Israel where he became a businessman, but later moved to England where he began doctoral studies at Liverpool University but died in 1951 before he completed them. The University of Liverpool is a University in the city of Liverpool, England. His wife died in 1996 and his children—Schneerson's closest living relatives—currently reside in Israel. ^[5]

He received his rabbinical ordination from the Rogatchover Gaon, Rabbi Yosef Rosen. Semicha (סמיכה "leaning the hands" also semichut (סמיכות "ordination" or semicha lerabbanut (סמיכה לרבנות "rabbinical The Rogatchover Gaon, Yosef Rosen ( 1858 - 5 March 1936) ( Hebrew: יוסף רוזין) also known by the name of his ^[6]

In 1923, Schneerson visited his second cousin twice removed, Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn for the first time. Yosef Yitzchok (Joseph Isaac Schneersohn (יוסף יצחק שניאורסאהן  9 June, 1880 OS - 28 January 1950 NS It was presumably at that time that he met Schneersohn's daughter Chaya Mushka Schneerson. Chaya Mushka (Moussia Schneerson ( March 16, 1901 – February 10, 1988) referred to by Lubavitchers as The Rebbetzin was It was another five years before they were able to marry. ^[5]

He became engaged to her in Riga in 1923 and married her five years later in 1928, after being away in Berlin. Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. He returned to Warsaw for his wedding, and in the announcement of his marriage in a Warsaw newspaper,"a number of academic degrees" were attributed to him. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Following the marriage, the newlyweds went to live in Berlin. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.

Berlin

Schneerson reputedly "was known to have received several advanced degrees in Berlin, and then later in Paris," but Professor Menachem Friedman was only able to uncover records for one and a half semesters in Berlin and Schneerson's attendance was in a "record of the students who audited courses at the university without receiving academic credit. Menachem Friedman is an Israeli anthropologist and sociologist at Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan. "

In 1931 Schneerson's younger brother, Yisroel Aryeh Leib, joined him in Berlin, traveling under false papers with the name Mark Gurari to escape the Soviets. He arrived and was cared for by the family as he was seriously ill with typhoid fever. Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, bilious fever, Yellow Jack or commonly just typhoid, is an illness caused by the Bacterium He attended classes at the University of Berlin from 1931 to 1933. In 1933, after Adolf Hitler took over Germany and began instituting anti-Semitic policies, Schneerson helped Gurari escape from Berlin together with his wife. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Gurari escaped to Mandate Palestine in 1939 with Milgram where they married. The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement ^[7] Despite his secularism, the two brothers maintained a relationship there and after his move to England, and arranged for his burial in Israel on his passing in 1952.

Rabbi Soloveitchik

Rabbi Sholem Kowalsky, a close colleague of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik, a former vice president of Agudas Harabonim of America, and an active member of the Rabbinical Council of America;^[8] Rabbi Herschel Schacter, a former chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations;^[9] Rabbi Julius Berman, the current Chairman of the RIETS Board of Trustees; Rabbi Menachem Genack, Rabbinic Administrator of the Kashrus Division of the Orthodox Union; and Rabbi Fabian Schoenfeld, former head of the Rabbinical Council of America (all students of Rabbi Soloveitchik) have all asserted that Schneerson and Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik met for the first time while they both studied in Berlin. Joseph Ber (Yosef Dov Yoshe Ber Soloveitchik (יוסף דב הלוי סולובייצ'יק was an American Orthodox Rabbi, Talmudist and modern The Rabbinical Council of America ( RCA) is one of the world's largest organizations of Orthodox Jewish rabbis it is affiliated with The Union of Orthodox Jewish Herschel Schacter is a former chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, and a prominent student of the Rav Rabbi Joseph B Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary ( RIETS) or Yeshivat Rabbeinu Yitzchak Elchanan, is the most important Yeshiva component of Yeshiva Menachem Genack is an Orthodox Rabbi and the CEO of the Orthodox Union Kosher Division a supervisory organization of Kosher The Rabbinical Council of America ( RCA) is one of the world's largest organizations of Orthodox Jewish rabbis it is affiliated with The Union of Orthodox Jewish Joseph Ber (Yosef Dov Yoshe Ber Soloveitchik (יוסף דב הלוי סולובייצ'יק was an American Orthodox Rabbi, Talmudist and modern ^[10] They met many times at the home of Rabbi Chaim Heller. It was in the course of these meetings that a strong friendship developed and in the words of Soloveitchik to Rabbi Sholem Kowalsky he "was a great admirer of the Rebbe. "^[8][10] Rabbi Soloveitchik related that:

Rabbi Zvi Kaplan states that Rabbi Yitzchok Hutner recalled sitting with Schneerson and Soloveitchik at a lecture on Maimonides at the University and when the speaker asked Schneerson for his opinion on something, Schneerson deferred to Soloveitchik. Yitzchok (Isaac Hutner (1906–1980 was an Orthodox Rabbi and American Rosh yeshiva born in Warsaw, Poland, to a family with both

France

In 1933 Schneerson moved to Paris, France. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. He studied mechanics and electrical engineering at the École spéciale des travaux publics, du bâtiment et de l'industrie, a Technical College in the Montparnasse district. Mechanics ( Greek) is the branch of Physics concerned with the behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to Forces or displacements Electrical engineering, sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering, is a field of Engineering that deals with the study and application of École Spéciale des Travaux Publics, du bâtiment et de l'industrie (ESTP is a technical college in Paris, founded in 1891 by Léon Eyrolles and was officially Institute of technology, and polytechnic, are designations employed in a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable Montparnasse is an area of Paris, France, on the left bank of the river Seine, centred on the intersection of the Boulevard du Montparnasse In July 1937 he graduated, and received a licence to practice as an electrical engineer. In November 1937 he enrolled at the Sorbonne, where he studied mathematics until World War II broke out in 1939. The historic University of Paris (Université de Paris first appeared in the second half of the 13th century Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including ^[12]

Schneerson lived for most of his time in Paris at 9 Rue Boulard in the cosmopolitan 14th arrondissement in the same building as his wife's sister Shaina and her husband Mendel Hornstein, who was also studying at ESTP. Mendel Hornstein failed the final exams and he and his wife returned to Poland; they were killed at Treblinka, together with their infant son, on 23 September 1941. Treblinka II was a German Extermination camp in occupied Poland during World War II. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In June 1940, after Paris fell, the Schneersons fled to Vichy, and later to Nice, where they stayed until their final escape from Europe. Vichy ( Occitan: Vichèi) is a commune in the department of Allier in Auvergne in central France. Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek

Schneerson learned to speak French, which he put to use in establishing his movement there after the war. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The Chabad movement in France was later to attract many Jewish immigrants from Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa.

America and leadership

In 1941 Schneerson escaped from France on the Serpa Pinto, one of the last boats to cross the Atlantic before the U-boat blockade began,^[13] and joined his father-in-law, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn, in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, New York. U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers Yosef Yitzchok (Joseph Isaac Schneersohn (יוסף יצחק שניאורסאהן  9 June, 1880 OS - 28 January 1950 NS Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. He spent some time working in the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The United States Navy Yard New York - better known as the Brooklyn Navy Yard or the New York Naval Shipyard (NYNSY - is an American shipyard located ^[14]

In 1942, his father-in-law appointed him director of the movement's central organizations, placing him at the helm of building a Jewish educational network across the United States, but he kept a low public religious leadership profile within the movement, emerging only once a month to deliver public talks to his father-in-law's followers. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[5]

Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn died in 1950. Yosef Yitzchok (Joseph Isaac Schneersohn (יוסף יצחק שניאורסאהן  9 June, 1880 OS - 28 January 1950 NS

The two candidates for leadership were: Schneerson and Rabbi Shemaryahu Gurary, Schneersohn's elder son-in-law. Rabbi Shemaryahu Gurary, also known by his Hebrew initials as The Rashag, (1898-1989 was an Orthodox Rabbi belonging to the Schneerson actively refused to accept leadership of the movement for the entire year after Schneersohn's passing. Schneerson had a larger following and seemed more sincere than Gurary. Schneerson was eventually cajoled into accepting the post by his wife and followers. ^[15]

On the anniversary of his father-in-law's passing, on the tenth of Shevat 1951, he delivered a Chassidic discourse (Ma'amar) and formally became the Rebbe. Shevat (or Shvat) ( Hebrew: שְׁבָט, Standard Šəvat Tiberian Šəḇāṭ ^[16]

Schneerson believed that the American public was seeking to learn more about their Jewish heritage. He stated, "America is not lost, you are not different from. You Americans sincerely crave to know, to learn. Americans are inquisitive. It is the Chabad's point of view that the American mind is simple, honest, direct-good, tillable soil for Hassidism, or just plain Judaism". ^[17] Schneerson believed that Jews need not to be on the defensive, rather the Jews need to be on the ground building Jewish institutions, day schools and synagogues. Schneerson said that we need "to discharge ourselves of our duty and we must take the initiative". ^[18]

Schneerson placed a tremendous emphasis on outreach. Schneerson made great efforts to intensify this program of the movement, bringing Jews from all walks of life to adopt Orthodox Judaism, and aggressively sought the expansion of the baal teshuva movement. See also Repentance in Judaism Baal teshuva ( Hebrew: he בעל תשובה; for a woman he בעלת תשובה baalat/baalas teshuva;

Activities

Schneerson's work included organising the training of thousands of young Chabad rabbis and their wives, who were sent all over the world by him as shluchim - emissaries -to spread the Lubavitch message. Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master

Schneerson oversaw the building of schools, community centers, youth camps, Chabad houses, and built contacts with wealthy Jews and government officials around the world. Chabad-Lubavitch is one of the largest Hasidic movements in Orthodox Judaism, and is based in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn

Schneerson instituted a system of "mitzvah campaigns" called mivtzoim; these encourage Jews to follow Orthodox practices. This article is about commandments in Judaism For the Jewish rite of passage see Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah Mitzvah ( Hebrew: מצוה They commonly centered on practices such as keeping kosher, lighting Shabbat candles, studying Torah, the laying of tefillin, helping write Torah scrolls and teaching women to observe the niddah laws of Jewish family purity. Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to Tefillin, ( תפילין) also called phylacteries, are a pair of black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with biblical verses A Sefer Torah ( Hebrew: ספר תורה; plural ספרי תורה Sifrei Torah; “Book(s of Torah ” or “Torah Scroll (s” Niddah (or nidah, nidda, nida; Hebrew:נִדָּה is a Hebrew term which literally means separation, generally considered to refer He also launched a global Noahide campaign to promote observance of the Noahide Laws among gentiles, and argued that involvement in this campaign is an obligation for every Jew. The Noahide Campaign refers to a campaign by Orthodox Jews of the Chabad movement to influence all non-Jews to follow the Noahide Laws. The Seven Laws of Noah ( Hebrew: שבע מצוות בני נח Sheva mitzvot B'nei Noach) often referred to as the Noahide Laws, are a set of seven moral The term Gentile (from Latin, gentilis, meaning of or belonging to a clan or tribe refers to non- Israelite tribes or nations in the Bible. ^[19]

Schneerson's activities spread to many far-flung areas of the world, and had contacts with Sefardi Jews, in North Africa, and Iran. Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics.

While Schneerson rarely chose to involve himself with questions of halakha (Jewish law). Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law Some notable exceptions were with regard to the use of electrical appliances on the Sabbath, sailing on Israeli boats staffed by Jews, and halakhic dilemmas created when crossing the International Date Line. Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.

Schneerson rarely left Crown Heights in Brooklyn, except for frequent lengthy visits to his father-in-law's grave-site in Queens, New York. A year after the passing of his wife in 1988, when the traditional year of Jewish mourning had passed, he moved into his study above the central Lubavitch synagogue at 770 Eastern Parkway. Chaya Mushka (Moussia Schneerson ( March 16, 1901 – February 10, 1988) referred to by Lubavitchers as The Rebbetzin was 770 Eastern Parkway, is the street address of the central headquarters of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement, located on Eastern Parkway in the

It was from this synagogue that Schneerson directed his emissaries' work and involved himself in details of his movement's developments. His public roles included celebrations called farbrengens ("gatherings") on Sabbaths, Jewish holy days, and special days on the Chabad calendar, when he would give lengthy sermons to crowds. A Farbrengen (from the Yiddish פארברענגען, meaning "joyous gathering" is a Hasidic gathering Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath In later years, these would often be broadcast via satellite and cable television to Lubavitch branches around the world.

Later life

In 1977, Schneerson suffered a massive heart attack while celebrating the hakafot ("circling" [in the synagogue]) ceremony on Shmini Atzeret. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply Shemini Atzeret (שמיני עצרת - "the Eighth of Assembly" is a Jewish holiday celebrated on the 22nd day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei. Despite the best efforts of his doctors to convince him to change his mind, he refused to be hospitalized. ^[20] This necessitated building a mini-hospital in "770. " Although he did not appear in public for many weeks, he continued to deliver talks and discourses from his study via intercom. On Rosh Chodesh Kislev, the first day of the Hebrew month of Kislev, he left his study for the first time in over a month to go home. Rosh Chodesh, (ראש חודש trans. Beginning of the Month; lit. For the Warhammer Fantasy location see Kislev (Warhammer Kislev ( Hebrew: כִּסְלֵו, Standard His followers celebrate this day as a holiday each year.

In 1983, on the occasion of his 80th birthday the U. S. Congress proclaimed Rabbi Schneerson's birthday Education Day, USA, and awarded him the National Scroll of honor.

As the movement grew and more demands were placed on Schneerson's time he limited the practice of meeting followers individually in his office. In 1986 Rabbi Schneerson replaced these personal meetings, known as Yechidut, with a weekly receiving line in "770". Almost every Sunday thousands of people would line up to meet briefly with Schneerson and receive a dollar, which was to be donated to charity. People filing past Schneerson would often take this opportunity to ask him for advice or to request a blessing. This event is usually referred to as "Sunday Dollars. "^[21]

Following the death of Schneerson's wife in 1988 he withdrew from some public functions; for example, he stopped delivering addresses during weekdays, instead holding gatherings every Shabbat. Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath ^[22] He later edited these addresses and they have since been released in the Sefer HaSichos set.

In 1991, he declared to his followers: "I have done everything I can (to bring Moshiach (the Jewish Messiah)), now I am handing over to you (the mission); do everything you can to bring Moshiach!" A campaign was then started to bring the messianic age through "acts of goodness and kindness," and some of his followers placed advertising in the mass media, such as many full-page ads in the New York Times urging everyone to prepare for and hasten the messiah's imminent arrival by increasing in their good deeds. Messiah ( משיח; mashiah, moshiah, mashiach, or moshiach, ("anointed " is a term used in the Hebrew Bible

In 1991, Schneerson faced a riot with anti-Semitic overtones in his neighborhood of Crown Heights which became known as the Crown Heights Riot of 1991. The Crown Heights Riot was a three-day riot that occurred in August of 1991 in the Crown Heights neighborhood in the New York City borough of The riot began when a car accompanying his motorcade returning from one of his regular cemetery visits to his father-in-law's grave accidentally struck two African American seven-year-old children, killing one boy. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa In the rioting, Australian Jewish graduate student Yankel Rosenbaum was murdered, many Lubavitchers were badly beaten, and much property was destroyed; also, rioters hurled rocks and bottles at the Jews over police lines. The Crown Heights Riot was a three-day riot that occurred in August of 1991 in the Crown Heights neighborhood in the New York City borough of ^[23]

Last years

In 1992, Schneerson was felled by a serious stroke while praying at the Ohel, the grave of his father-in-law. A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain Ohel ( Hebrew: אוהל plural ohalim, literally "tent" refers to both an actual tent a home and a structure built over a grave as a sign of prominence The stroke left him unable to speak and paralyzed on the right side of his body. Nonetheless, he continued to respond daily to thousands of queries and requests for blessings from around the world. His secretaries would read the letters to him and he would indicate his response with head and hand motions.

Despite his deteriorating health, Schneerson once again refused to leave 770. Several months into his illness, a small room with tinted glass windows with an attached balcony was built overlooking the main synagogue. This allowed him to pray with his followers, beginning with the Rosh Hashana services and after services, to appear before them by either having the window opened or by being carried onto the balcony. Rosh Hashanah (ראש השנה literally "head of the year" Biblical: ˈɾoʃ haʃːɔˈnɔh Israeli haʃaˈna Yiddish: hɑˈʃɔnə is a Jewish

Final Illness

His final illness was characterized by a split between two groups of aides that differed in their recommendations as to how Schneerson should be treated, with the two camps led by Leib Groner and Yehuda Krinsky. Rabbi Yehuda Leib Groner (born 1932 was the secretary to the late Lubavitcher Rebbe Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson for over 40 years Rabbi Chaim Yehuda (Yudel Krinsky (born 1933 is a Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic Rabbi. ^{[24] [25]} Aides argued over whether Schneerson had the same physical makeup as other humans and if the illness should be allowed to run its course without interference. Krinsky argued that the latest and most suitable medical treatment available should be used in treating Schneerson while Groner thought that "outside interference in the Rebbe’s medical situation might be just as dangerous as inaction. They saw his illness as an element in the messianic revelation; interference with Schneerson’s physical state might therefore affect the redemptive process, which should instead be permitted to run its natural course. "^[25]

Death

Schneerson was laid to rest on the 3rd of Tammuz 5754 (June 12, 1994), next to his father-in-law, the sixth Rebbe, at Montefiore Cemetery in Queens, NY. Gimmel Tammuz, the third day of the month of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar, is the Yom Hillula (anniversary of the passing of Rabbi Menachem Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) ^[26] The Ohel is built over their graves. The Ohel is the name of a religious shrine in Queens New York, to which thousands of people make a pilgrimage each year When entering the Ohel, the sixth Rebbe is buried to the right, and the seventh Rebbe is buried to the left. Established by philanthropist Rabbi Joseph Gutnick of Melbourne (Australia), the Ohel Chabad-Lubavitch Center on Francis Lewis Boulevard, Queens, NY is located adjacent to the Rebbe's Ohel. Joseph Isaac Gutnick (sometimes referred to as Diamond Joe) is an Australian businessman

The United States Congress and President issue annual proclamations declaring that Schneerson's birthday, usually a day in March or April that coincides with his Hebrew calendar birth-date of 11 Nissan (a Hebrew month), be observed as Education and Sharing Day in the United States^[27]

Congressional Gold Medal

After his death, a bill was introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives sponsored by Congressmen Chuck Schumer, and co-sponsored by John Lewis, Newt Gingrich, and Jerry Lewis, as well as 220 other Congressmen, to bestow on Rabbi Schneerson the Congressional Gold Medal. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. The Hebrew calendar (הלוח העברי ha'luach ha'ivri) or Jewish calendar is a Lunisolar calendar used by Jews for predominantly religious Education and Sharing Day is a day made by the United States Congress in honor of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson 's (1902-1994 efforts for education The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Charles Ellis "Chuck" Schumer (born November 23, 1950) is the senior U John Robert Lewis (born February 21, 1940) is an American politician and was a leader in the American Civil Rights Movement. Newton "Newt" Leroy Gingrich, (born Newton Leroy McPherson on June 17, 1943) is an American politician and author who served as the Speaker Charles Jeremy Lewis (born October 21 1934) an American politician has been a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives Not to be confused with the Medal of Honor, sometimes called the "Congressional Medal of Honor" which is the highest military decoration of the United States On November 2, 1994, the bill passed both Houses by unanimous consent, honoring Rabbi Schneerson for his "outstanding and enduring contributions toward world education, morality, and acts of charity". Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 ^[28] Bill Clinton spoke these words at the Congressional Gold Medal ceremony

Succession

Chabad Hasidim believe that there is no successor to Schneerson and all the suggested successors declined the mantle of leadership in the days after his death. Chabad hasidim believe that he is still their leader, guiding them from beyond the grave through prayer and signs. Some Chabad Hasidim believe that he will return as the one and only Messiah; this view has led to controversy with other Orthodox groups and within Chabad itself. The Chabad Hasidim who oppose the belief that he is the Messiah have been called heritics by the few who believe. Some, quoting Talmudic passages and statements that Schneerson himself made, refuse to put the typical honorifics that Jews normally use for the dead after his name. Schneerson's messianism is not advocated in any of Chabad's official literature,^[29][30] Chabad-Lubavitch leaders have repeatedly condemned the Meshichists (messianists) in the strongest possible terms. ^[31][30]

Some followers believe that he is able to answer their questions even after death, through a process of bibliomancy using his collected letters. Bibliomancy is the use of books in Divination. The method of employing sacred books (especially specific words and verses for 'magical medicine' for removing negative entities ^[32]

Political activities

Generally, he was in favour of school prayer, he was pro-life, pro-Israel, and and was generally supportive of Bible values, about which he was publicly vocal. School prayer in its most common usage refers to state sanctioned Prayer by students in state Schools. Overview See also Ethical aspects of abortion Pro-life individuals generally believe that human life should be valued either from conception or Implantation For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin

Israel

Schneerson never visited the State of Israel, where he had many admirers. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. He held a view that according to Jewish law, it was uncertain if a Jewish person who was in the land of Israel was allowed to leave. One of Israel's presidents, Zalman Shazar, who was of Chabad ancestry, would visit Rabbi Schneerson and correspond extensively with him. Zalman Shazar (זלמן שז"ר born Shneur Zalman Rubashov on 24 November 1889, died October 5, 1974) was an Israeli Menachem Begin, Ariel Sharon, Moshe Katzav, and later Benjamin Netanyahu also paid visits and sought advice, along with numerous other less famous politicians, diplomats, military officials, and media producers. (מְנַחֵם בְּגִין Mieczysław Biegun Менахем Вольфович Бегин 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992 was the sixth prime minister of the State of Israel (אריאל Moshe Katsav (משה קצב born 5 December 1945) is a former President of Israel and member of the Knesset. (בִּנְיָמִין "ביבי" נְתַנְיָהוּ Binyamin "Bibi" Netanyahu, born October 21 1949, Tel Aviv) was In the elections that brought Yitzhak Shamir to power, Schneerson publicly lobbied his followers and the Orthodox members in the Knesset to vote against the Labor alignment. (יִצְחָק שָׁמִיר born Icchak Jaziernicki on 15 October 1915 was Prime Minister of Israel from 1983 to 1984 and again from 1986 to 1992 For Beit Knesset a Jewish Place of worship, see Synagogue. The Knesset (כנסת lit It attracted the media's attention and led to articles in Time, Newsweek, and many newspapers and TV programs, and led to considerable controversy within Israeli politics. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Newsweek is an American weekly Newsmagazine published in New York City. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic

During the Six Day War in 1967 and the Yom Kippur War of 1973, Schneerson publicly called for Israel Defence Forces (IDF) to capture Damascus, Syria and Cairo, Egypt. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War (מלחמת יום הכיפורים transliterated: Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. He was vehemently opposed to any IDF withdrawals from captured territories and opposed any concessions to Arabs. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding He lobbied Israeli politicians to pass legislation in accordance with Jewish religious law on the question Who is a Jew and declare that "only one who is born of a Jewish mother or converted according to Halakha is Jewish. " Who is a Jew? " (Mihu Yehudi? ?מיהו יהודי is a basic question about Jewish identity. " This caused a furor in the United States. Some American Jewish philanthropies stopped financially supporting Chabad-Lubavitch since most of their members were connected to Reform and Conservative Judaism. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently subjected to vandalism and the insertion of personal opinions Conservative Judaism (also known as Masorti Judaism in Israel and Europe) is a modern stream of Judaism that arose out These unpopular ideas were toned down by his aides according to Avrum Erlich. "The issue was eventually quietened so as to protect Habad fundraising interests. Controversial issues such as territorial compromise in Israel that might have estranged benefactors from giving much-needed funds to Habad, were often moderated, particularly by. . . Krinsky. "^[33] Rabbi Immanuel Jakobovits argued that Habad moderated its presentation of anti-Zionist ideology and right-wing politics in England and downplayed its messianic fervor so as not to antagonize large parts of the English Jewish community. Immanuel Jakobovits Baron Jakobovits, KBE ( 8 February 1921 &ndash 31 October 1999) was the Chief Rabbi of the United ^[33]

Scholarship

In biblical scholarship he was known mainly for his hasidic thoughts on Rashi Torah commentary, which were annotated by his aides. For the astrological concept see Rāshi (Jyotiṣa. Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, (רבי שלמה יצחקי better known by the acronym Rashi In halachic matters he normally deferred to members of the Crown Heights Beit Din headed by Rabbi Zalman Shimon Dvorkin, and advised the movement to do likewise in the event of his death. Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law A beth din, beit din or beis din ( Hebrew: בית דין "house of judgment" plural battei din) is a Rabbinical ^[34]

Schneerson was known for delivering regular lengthy addresses to his followers at public gatherings, without using any notes. These talks usually centered around the weekly Torah portion, and were then transcribed by followers known as choizerim, and distributed widely. This article is about the divisions of the Torah into weekly readings Choizer ( Heb חוזר) lit "one who reviews" pl choizrim ( Heb Many of them were later edited by him and distributed worldwide in small booklets later to be compiled in the Likkutei Sichot set. Likkutei Sichos, lit "Collected Discourses" ( ליקוטי שיחות) is an anthology of essays relating to the weekly portion of the bible Torah He also penned tens of thousands of replies to requests and questions. The majority of his correspondence is printed in Igrot Kodesh partly translated as "Letters from the Rebbe". Igrot Kodesh (literally "Holy Epistles" but more commonly known as "Letters of the Rebbe " is a collection of the seventh Rebbe of Lubavitch, His correspondence fills more than two hundred published volumes. ^[14]

Citations

Bibliography

Rabbi Schneerson himself wrote and published only three books:

• Hayom Yom - An anthology of Chabad aphorisms and customs arranged according to the days of the year. Hayom Yom ( Hebrew: היום יום, "Today is day." is a calendar for the Hebrew year of 5703 (1942-3 compiled by Rabbi Chabad-Lubavitch is one of the largest Hasidic movements in Orthodox Judaism, and is based in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn
• Haggadah Im Likkutei Taamim Uminhagim - The Haggadah with a commentary written by Schneerson. The Haggadah (הגדה is a Jewish religious text that sets out the order of the Passover Seder.
• Sefer HaToldot - Admur Moharash - Biography of the fourth Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Shmuel Schneersohn. Shmuel Schneersohn (or Rabbi Shmuel of Lubavitch or The Rebbe Maharash) ( 1834-04-29 &ndash 1882-09-14 OS) was an Orthodox

His personal notes and writings:

• Reshimot - 10 volume set of Schneerson's personal journal discovered after his passing. Includes notes for his public talks before 1950, letters to Jewish scholars, notes on the Tanya, and thoughts on a wide range of Jewish subjects. (2,190pp)

His talks and letters, transcribed by others and then edited by him:

• Likkutei Sichos - 39 volume set of Schneerson's discourses on the weekly Torah portions, Jewish Holidays, and other issues. Likkutei Sichos, lit "Collected Discourses" ( ליקוטי שיחות) is an anthology of essays relating to the weekly portion of the bible Torah term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to For the Gregorian dates of Jewish Holidays see Jewish holidays 2000-2050. (16,867pp)
• Igrot Kodesh - 28 volume set of Schneerson's Hebrew and Yiddish letters. Igrot Kodesh (literally "Holy Epistles" but more commonly known as "Letters of the Rebbe " is a collection of the seventh Rebbe of Lubavitch, (11,948pp)
• Hadran al HaRambam - Commentary on Mishneh Torah. Hadran al HaRambam is Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson 's commentary on Mishneh Torah. The Mishneh Torah ( Hebrew: משנה תורה subtitled Sefer Yad ha-Chazaka (יד החזקה is a code of Jewish Religious law
• Sefer HaSichot - 10 volume set of the Schneerson's talks from 1987-1992. (4,136pp)
• Sefer HaMa'amarim Melukot - 6 volumes of edited chassidic discourses.
• Letters from the Rebbe - 5 volume set of Schneerson's English letters.
• Chidushim UBiurim B'Shas - 3 volumes of novellae on the Talmud.

Unedited compilations of his talks and writings:

• Sefer HaShlichut - 2 volume set of Schneerson's advice and guidelines to the shluchim he sent.
• Torat Menachem - 34 volume Hebrew set of unedited Maamarim and Sichos currently spanning 1950-1962 (Approximately 4 new volumes a year). Planned to encompass 1950-1981.
• Sichot Kodesh - 60 some volume Yiddish set of unedited Sichos from 1950-1981.
• Torat Menachem Hitva'aduyot - 43 volume set of Sichos and Maamarim from 1982-1992. (Based on participants' recollections and notes, not proofread by Rabbi Schneerson. )
• Sefer HaMa'amarim (unedited) chassidic discourses - Approx. 24 vols. including 1951-1962, 1969-1977 with plans to fill the rest.
• Biurim LePirush Rashi - 5 volume set summarizing his talks on the commentary of Rashi to Torah.
• Heichal Menachem - Shaarei - 34 volumes of a continuing series of his talks arranged by topic and holiday.
• Toras Menachem - Tiferes Levi Yitzchok - 3 volumes of elucidations drawn from his talks on cryptic notes of his father.
• Biurim LePirkei Avot - 2 volumes summarizing his talks on the Tractate of the Mishna "Ethics of our Fathers".
• Yein Malchut - 2 volumes of talks on the Mishneh Torah. The Mishneh Torah ( Hebrew: משנה תורה subtitled Sefer Yad ha-Chazaka (יד החזקה is a code of Jewish Religious law
• Kol Ba'ei Olam - Discources and letters concerning the Noahide Campaign. The Noahide Campaign refers to a campaign by Orthodox Jews of the Chabad movement to influence all non-Jews to follow the Noahide Laws.
• Hilchot Beit Habechira L`haRambam Im Chiddushim U`Beurim - Talks on the Laws of the Chosen House (The Holy Temple) of the Mishneh Torah. The Mishneh Torah ( Hebrew: משנה תורה subtitled Sefer Yad ha-Chazaka (יד החזקה is a code of Jewish Religious law
• HaMelech B'Msibo - 2 volumes of his discussions at the semi-public Holiday meals.
• Toras Menachem - Menachem Tzion - 2 volumes of talks on mourning.

Collections and esoterica:

• Heichal Menachem - 3 volumes.
• Mikdash Melech - 4 volumes.
• Nelcha B'Orchosov
• Mekadesh Yisrael - Talks and pictures from his officiating at weddings.
• Yemei B'Reshit - Diary of the first year of his leadership, 1950-1951.
• Bine'os Deshe - Diary of his visit and talks to Camp Gan Israel in upstate New York.
• Tzaddik LaMelech - 7 volumes of letters, handwritten notes, anecdotes and other.

Esoterica continues to be released by individual families for family occasions such as weddings.

See also

• Education and Sharing day
• Chabad

External links

The Ohel

• The Ohel

Works available online

• Chabad.org - Literature
• Sichos Kodesh - The Rebbe's original unedited talks 1950 - 1981 (Yiddish)
• Sichos B'Laha"k - The Rebbe's unedited talks (Hebrew)
• Sichos in English
• Igros Kodesh (Hebrew)
• Toras Menachem (Hebrew)
• Hayom Yom (Hebrew)
• The Rebbe's 10-point mitzvah campaign
• Audio recordings of the Rebbe's addresses (Yiddish)
• More audio recordings of the Rebbe's addresses (Yiddish)
• The official archive of all the Rebbe's weekday talks (Yiddish)

Biography

• Biography of Menachem Mendel Schneerson
• the Rebbe's life (in Hebrew)

Historical sites

• Proclamation of Education and Sharing Day 2002 by President George W.Bush also honoring the 100th birthdate of Rabbi Schneerson
• Education and Sharing Day, U.S.A., 2007
• Numerous proclamations by President Reagan citing work of Rabbi Schneerson and promotion of the Seven Noahide Laws
• Congressional Gold Medal Recipient Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson
• Tributes to the Lubavitcher Rebbe by Menachem Begin, Bill Clinton, Newt Gingrich, Israel Meir Lau, John Lewis, Joseph Lieberman, Yitzhak Rabin, Aviezer Ravitzky, Jonathan Sacks, Lawrence Schiffman, Adin Steinsaltz, Margaret Thatcher, Elie Wiesel and Elliot Wolfson.
• Family Tree
• Rabbi Dr. Tzvi Hersh Weinreb of the Orthodox Union Commemorative remarks upon the occasion of the 10th Yahrzeit of the Lubavitcher Rebbe
• Timeline of Menachem Mendel Schneerson 1928-1938
• My Encounter with the Rebbe, an oral history project undertaken by Jewish Educational Media, JEM to record the history of Rabbi Schneerson