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| Official languages | Spanish | ||||
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Ranked 72000 6995. The Flag of Melilla, a Spanish Enclave in North Africa, consists of a pale blue background with the city's coat of arms Similar to the Coat of arms of Ceuta, the Coat of arms of Melilla combine elements from different earlier Coats-of-arms, in this instance those of Castile An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Here is a list of the autonomous communities of Spain in order of Area. To help compare sizes of different geographic regions we list here Areas between 10 km² (1000 Hectares and 100 km² (10000 hectares Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different Here is a list of the autonomous communities and autonomous cities of Spain in order of Population ( 2005) 55/km² |
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| Demonym – English – Spanish |
melillense |
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Statute of Autonomy
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March 14, 1995 | ||||
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– Congress seats – Senate seats |
2 |
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| President | Juan José Imbroda Ortíz (PP) | ||||
| ISO 3166-2 | ES-ML | ||||
| Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla | |||||
Melilla is an autonomous city of Spain and located on the Mediterranean, on the Moroccan coast. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The Cortes Generales ( Spanish for General Courts or Cortes Españolas, Spanish Courts) is the Legislature of Spain. The Spanish Congress of Deputies (Spanish Congreso de los Diputados) is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain 's Legislative branch. The Spanish Senate ( Senado de España in Spanish) is the upper house of Spain 's Parliament, the Cortes Generales. The following is a list of rulers during the history of Melilla as a Spanish Exclave: Governors 1497-1703 (unknown 1497-1556 Juan José Imbroda Ortíz ( September 3, 1953 -) is the President of Melilla, located in northern Africa. The People's Party ( Spanish: Partido Popular, PP) is the main right Political party in Spain. ISO 3166-2 is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes The section that applies to Spain codes the Provinces of Spain. The plazas de soberanía ("places of sovereignty" formerly referred as "África Septentrional Española" (Spanish North Africa or simply "África Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa It was regarded as a part of Málaga province prior to March 14, 1995, when the city's Statute of Autonomy was passed. The Province of Málaga ( Spanish Provincia de Málaga) is located on the southern coast of Spain, in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia Nominally a Statute of Autonomy is a Law hierarchically located under the Constitution of a country and over any other form of legislation (including Organic
Melilla was a free port before Spain joined the European Union. A free port ( porto franco) or free zone (US Foreign-Trade Zone is a port or area with relaxed jurisdiction with respect to the country of location The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in As of 1994 it had a population of 63,670. Its population consists of Christians, Muslims (chiefly Berber), Jews and a small minority of Hindus. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Both Spanish and Tamazight are spoken. Nomenclature The term Berber has been used in Europe since at least the 17th century and is still used today Spanish is the official language.
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Political status
Melilla is, along with Ceuta, one of the two Spanish autonomous cities. Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain located on the Mediterranean, on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, which An autonomous community is a first-level political division of the Kingdom of Spain, established in accordance with the Spanish Constitution.
Morocco claims Melilla, along with Ceuta and various small Spanish islands off the coast of Africa (Plazas de soberanía) that are sovereign posts. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain located on the Mediterranean, on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, which The plazas de soberanía ("places of sovereignty" formerly referred as "África Septentrional Española" (Spanish North Africa or simply "África Morocco bases its claim on the fact that the area was part of the Idrisid and other succeeding Muslim dynasties from 791 until 1497, when the city was taken by Castile. The Idrisids ( Arabic, الأدارسة) were the first Sayyid Shia dynasty in the western Maghreb ruling from 788 The government of Morocco has also drawn comparisons with Spain's territorial claim to Gibraltar, which is a British Overseas Territory situated on the mainland of Spain. Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar In the both cases, the national governments and local populations of the contended territories reject these claims by a wide margin. Spanish sources claim that unlike the Protectorate territories included in former Spanish Morocco Melilla has been a constituent part of Spain since the very dawn of Spain as an independent country, the city being a part of Castile for longer than even other current Spanish regions such as Navarre. In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect Spanish protectorate of Morocco (حماية إسبانيا في المغرب (Protectorado español de Marruecos was the area of Morocco under colonial rule by the Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. These sources also dispute any ties between the former Muslim dynasties ruling the city and the present day Kingdom of Morocco, noting that if those latter dynasties were to be considered most of present day Spain would be a part of Morocco too. Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or
The history of Melilla is similar to that both of Moroccan towns in the Region of the Rif and Southern Spanish towns, passing through Amazigh, Phoenician, Punic, Roman, Ummayyad, Idrisid, Hammudid, Almoravid, Almohad, Merinid and then Wattasid rules before being annexed by Spain five years after the latter kingdom completed the Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula in 1492. For the Eleventh Century Talmudist see Isaac Alfasi The Rif ( Berber: Arabic:جبال الريف is a mainly mountainous Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun The Punics, (from Latin pūnicus meaning Phoenician were a group of Western Semitic speaking peoples originating from Carthage Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Idrisids ( Arabic, الأدارسة) were the first Sayyid Shia dynasty in the western Maghreb ruling from 788 The Hammudid dynasty is one of the Alid dynasties of Muslim Berbers in Al-Andalus ( i The Almoravids, was a Berber dynasty from the Sahara that spread over a wide area of North-Western Africa and the Iberian peninsula during The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i The Anglicised name used for this article derives from the Arabic Banu Marin (also Benī Merīn, which is the source of the Spanish name The Wattassids (وطاسيون waṭāsīyūn or Banû Watâs (بنو الوطاس banū al-waṭās were an Amazigh dynasty of Kingdom of Fez. The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period
Melilla and Ceuta are the only two European-Union territories located in mainland Africa. Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain located on the Mediterranean, on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, which The amateur radio call sign used for both cities is EA9. Amateur radio, often called ham radio, is both a Hobby and a service in which participants called "hams" use various types of Radio communications In Broadcasting and Radio communications a call sign (also known as a callsign or call letters, or abbreviated as a call, or otherwise
Subdivisions
Melilla is subdivided into eight wards or neighborhoods (barrios) [1]:
- Barrio de Medina Sidonia
- Barrio del General Larrea
- Barrio del Ataque Seco
- Barrio de los Héroes de España
- Barrio del General Gómez Jordana
- Barrio del Príncipe de Asturias
- Barrio del Carmen
- Barrio del Polígono Residencial de La Paz
Economy
The principal industry is fishing; cross-border commerce (legal or smuggled) and Spanish and European grants and wages are the other income sources. In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district A neighbourhood or neighborhood (see spelling differences) is a geographically localised Community within a larger City, Town or For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish.
Melilla is regularly connected to the Peninsula by plane and vessels and also economically connected to Morocco: most of its fruits and vegetables are imported across the border. Also, Moroccans in the city's influence area are attracted to it: 36,000 Moroccans cross the border daily to work, shop, or trade goods.
History
Melilla was a Phoenician and later Punic establishment under the name of Rusadir. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun The Punics, (from Latin pūnicus meaning Phoenician were a group of Western Semitic speaking peoples originating from Carthage Later it became a part of the Roman province of Mauretania Tingitana. Mauretania Tingitana was a Roman province located in northwestern Africa coinciding roughly with the northern part of modern Morocco and spanish cities of Ceuta As centuries passed, it went through Vandal, Byzantine and Hispano-Visigothic hands. Melilla was part of the Kingdom of Fez when Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, known as Guzmán el Bueno, the 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia conquered it in 1497, a few years before (492) Castile had taken control of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, the last remain of Al-Andalus. The Kingdom of Fez was a state of North Africa. It bordered the Mediterranean Sea to its north Spain (Melilla to the northeast Abdalwadid Don Alonso Pérez de Guzmán (1256-1309 surnamed El Bueno, the good in the sense of good at need or stout-hearted was the founder of the line which the dukes The Dukes of Medina Sidonia are Grandees of Spain, holding the oldest dukedom in the Kingdom and were once the most prominent magnate family of the Andalusian The Crown of Castile, as a historic entity is usually considered to have begun in 1230 with the third and definitive union of the two kingdoms of León and Castile The Nasrid dynasty or Banuu Nasri (بنو نصر was the last Arab and Muslim dynasty in Spain. Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or
The current limits of the Spanish territory around the fortress were fixed by treaties with Morocco in 1859, 1860, 1861 and 1894. In the late 19th century, as Spanish influence expanded, Melilla became the only authorized centre of trade on the Rif coast between Tetuan and the Algerian frontier. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Tétouan ( Arabic: تطوان (meaning eyes in the Berber language) also spelled Tetuan, sometimes Tettawen or Tettawan, is a city Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's The value of trade increased, goat skins, eggs and beeswax being the principal exports, and cotton goods, tea, sugar and candles being the chief imports. For the rock song by Nirvana see Beeswax (song. Beeswax is a natural Wax produced in the bee hive of Honey bees of the genus
The Spaniards had had much trouble with the neighboring tribes—the turbulent Rif, independent Berbers (Amazighs) hardly subject to the sultan of Morocco. Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. This is a partial list of rulers in Morocco, including the historical precursors to the modern state
In 1893 the Rif berbers besieged Melilla, and 25,000 men had to be dispatched against them. In 1908 two companies, under the protection of El Roghi, a chieftain then ruling the Rif region, started mining lead and iron some 20 kilometers from Melilla. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 A railway to the mines was begun. In October of that year the Roghi's vassals revolted against him and raided the mines, which remained closed until June 1909. By July the workmen were again attacked and several of them killed. Severe fighting between the Spaniards and the tribesmen followed. In 1910, the Rif having submitted, saw the Spaniards restarting the mines and undertaking harbour works at Mar Chica. But hostilities broke out again in 1911 and the Abd el Krim forces inflicted a grave defeat on the Spanish (see Battle of Annual), and were not pacified until 1927, when the Spanish Protectorate finally managed to control the area again. Abd el-Krim (c1882 Ajdir &ndash February 6, 1963, Cairo) ( Mulay Abdelkrim, full name Muhammad Ibn 'Abd El-Karim El-Khattabi The Battle of Annual was a battle fought in Spanish Morocco between the Spanish Army of Africa and combatants of the Rif region Spanish protectorate of Morocco (حماية إسبانيا في المغرب (Protectorado español de Marruecos was the area of Morocco under colonial rule by the
General Francisco Franco used the city as one of his staging grounds for his rebellion in 1936, and a statue of him is still prominently featured. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid
On November 6, 2007, King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofia visited the city, which caused a previously unknown jubilee in the city, expressed by a massive support demonstration while, on the other side, also sparked protests from the Moroccan government[1]. Early life Juan Carlos was born in Rome, where his grandfather Alfonso XIII of Spain lived in exile after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic Sofía Queen of Spain (Su Majestad la Reina Sofía de España born Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark on November 2, 1938) is the Queen It was the first time a Spanish monarch had visited Melilla in 80 years.
City culture and society
Melilla's Capilla de Santiago or James's Chapel, by the city walls, is the only genuine Gothic architecture in Africa. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period.
At the turn of the century, Melilla was a thriving part of Spanish Morocco. Fin de siècle (fɑ̃ dɛ si'ɛːkl French for ‛end of the century‘ was a cultural movement between 1880 and the beginning of World War I. Spanish protectorate of Morocco (حماية إسبانيا في المغرب (Protectorado español de Marruecos was the area of Morocco under colonial rule by the A new bourgeois class expressed its prestige in the architectural style of Modernisme, the Catalan version of Art Nouveau, which was then in vogue in Spain. Catalan Modernisme (not to be confused with Modernism) was the Catalan equivalent to a number of fin-de-siècle movements such as Symbolism, Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international The workshops inspired by the Catalan architect, Enrique Nieto, continued in the modernist style, even after it went out of fashion elsewhere. So Melilla has the second most important concentration of Modernist works in Spain, after Barcelona. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia
Melilla has been praised as an example of multiculturalism, being a little city in which one can find up to three major religions represented, it is very interesting to see how people of three different religions can live side-by-side in harmony within a small area. The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified However, the Christian majority of the past, being around 65% not so long time ago, has been shrinking while the number of Muslims has been steadily increasing to its present 45% of the population in either sides, and Jews have been leaving for years (from 20% of the population before World War II to less than 5% today). World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The culture in this little city is divided in two halves, one is European and the other Amazigh, while the first one is represented all over the rest of the country, the second one, being represented only in this little piece of Spain, is considered by some, specially in the mainland, as foreign.
Immigration
There is considerable pressure by African refugees to enter Melilla, a part of the European Union. The border is secured by the Melilla border fence, a six-meter-tall double fence with watch towers, yet refugees frequently manage to cross it illegally, avoiding the attempts by Spanish police to take them back to their home countries. The Melilla border fence is a Separation barrier between Morocco and the Spanish city of Melilla. Detection wires, tear gas dispensers, radar, and day/night vision cameras are planned to increase security and prevent illegal immigration. In October 2005, over 700 sub-Saharan migrants tried to enter Spanish territory from the Moroccan border. Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries Many of them were shot in the back by the Moroccan Gendarmerie. Amnesty International and Médecins Sans Frontières have accused the Moroccan government of dumping over 500 refugees in the Sahara Desert without food or water supplies. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to Médecins Sans Frontières (pronounced) or Doctors Without Borders, is a secular humanitarian-aid Non-governmental organization best known The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى aṣ-ṣaḥrā´ al-kubra, "The Great Desert" is the world's largest hot Desert and the world's second largest
Museums
There are several museums in the old part of the city.
Transportation
The most common means to reach Melilla is either by air to Melilla Airport from Barcelona, Granada, Sevilla, Palma de Mayorca, Malaga or Madrid, by the land border with Morocco or by ferry (Almería or Málaga) to and from Melilla. Melilla Airport is an airport in Melilla, Spain. The airport is located near the border with Morocco
Sister city
See also
- Melilla border fence
- Melilla (Spanish Congress Electoral District)
- Ceuta
- UD Melilla
- List of Spanish Colonial Wars in Morocco
- Spanish Morocco
References
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Motril is a town and Municipality on the Mediterranean coast in the province of Granada, Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Melilla border fence is a Separation barrier between Morocco and the Spanish city of Melilla. Melilla is one of the 52 electoral districts (circunscripciónes used for the Spanish Congress of Deputies - the lower chamber of the Spanish Parliament the Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain located on the Mediterranean, on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, which Union Deportiva Melilla is a football team based in Melilla in the autonomous city of Melilla. List of Wars and disputes relating to the colonial presence of Spain in Morocco War of 1859 Rif War (1893 Spanish protectorate of Morocco (حماية إسبانيا في المغرب (Protectorado español de Marruecos was the area of Morocco under colonial rule by the The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
External links
- (Spanish) Official pages
- Official Tourism
- (Spanish) Melilla en Internet Journal
- (Spanish) Monuments of Melilla Official
- Spain's North African enclaves
- A Childhood Lost in the Cracks of Europe's Border
- Melilla in Google Maps
- Map of Melilla
- (Spanish) Easter of Melilla
- Pictures of Melilla
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