| Meir Shapiro | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
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| Full name | Yehudah Meir Shapiro | |
| Main work | Ohr HaMeir, Imrei Da'as | |
| Born | 1887-03-03 | |
| Zibenbergen, Austria | ||
| Died | 1933-10-27 | |
| Lublin, Poland | ||
| Buried | Lublin, Poland, later reinturned in Jerusalem, Israel | |
| Father | Yaakov Shimshon of Shatz | |
| Mother | Rebbetzin Margulya | |
| Wife | Malka Toba Shapiro | |
- For other people with a similar name, see Meyer Shapiro
Yehuda Meir Shapiro, (March 3, 1887 - October 27, 1933), was a prominent Hasidic rabbi and rosh yeshiva. Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Lublin is the largest city in eastern Poland and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355954 Lublin is the largest city in eastern Poland and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355954 Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Meyer Shapiro can refer to Meir Shapiro, dean of Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva and founder of the Daf Yomi Talmud folio cycle Meyer Shapiro (chief Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hasidic Judaism (also Chasidic, etc from the Hebrew: he '''''חסידות''''', Chassidus, meaning "piety" from the Hebrew Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master Rosh yeshiva, ( pl. Heb. Roshei yeshiva; Yeshivish Rosh yeshivas) (ראש ישיבה is the title given to the dean of He is noted for his promotion of the Daf Yomi in 1923 and establishment of the Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva in 1930. Daf Yomi (דף יומי "page the day" or "daily Folio " is a daily regimen undertaken to study the Babylonian Talmud one folio (a Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Built at the hands of Rabbi Meir Shapiro, Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva, (Jesziwat Chachmei Lublin was an important centre for Torah study in Poland. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Contents |
Biography
Early Years
Yehuda Meir Shapiro was born in the city of Suczawa, Austria, in the recent territory of Romania, in 1887. Suceava (pronunciation in Romanian: /su'ʧava/ Suczawa Сучава שאַץ / Shats) is the capital city of the Suceava County, Bukovina Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He was a descendant of Rabbi Pinchas Shapiro of Korets. Korets (Корець Korzec is a city in the Rivne Oblast in Ukraine. After cheder, Rabbi Shapiro began to study with his grandfather, the “Minchas Shai”. A Cheder (alternatively Cheider, in Hebrew חדר, meaning "room" is a traditional elementary school teaching the basics of Judaism Another of his early teachers was Rabbi Shalom Moskowitz (popularly known as the Sitzutzer Rebbe. He was also a well know kabbalist). Shapiro began to get a reputation, and became known as the Illui of Shatz. Illui ( Hebrew: עילוי or עלוי also ilui or ilooy; pronounced "eelooy" or "ee-lew-ye" plural From an early age, he was known as an outstanding leader and gifted speaker. He was soon ordained by many great scholars, including Rabbi Sholom Mordechai and the Cohen of Brezhin (the Maharsham). He was appointed Rabbi of Gliniany at the age of 24, founding a yeshiva there - a pattern he would repeat in Sanok and Petrakov. Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n Sanok ( Latin: Sanocum, German: Saanig, Yiddish: Sonik, Ukrainian: Сянiк, in full The Royal Piotrków Trybunalski {{IPA-pl|t|r|y|b|u|'|n|a|l|s|k|i}} (also known by alternative names) is a City in central Poland with 80738 inhabitants (2005
His grandfather introduced him to the Chortkover Rebbe, and this began his passion for chassidus, and the beginning of his relationship with the Chortkover Rebbe. Chortkov (also Tshortkov, Czortkow) is a Hasidic dynasty that originated in Chortkov, present-day Ukraine. Rebbe (רבי (pronounced in English which means master teacher or mentor is a Yiddish word derived from the identical Hebrew word Rabbi Hasidic Philosophy or Hasidus (Hebrew חסידות alternatively transliterated as Hassidism, Chassidut etc Rebbe (רבי (pronounced in English which means master teacher or mentor is a Yiddish word derived from the identical Hebrew word Rabbi
Galina
His first rabbinical posting came at the age of 23, when he was appointed Rabbi of Galina. He spent ten years in the city, in which time he established a yeshiva called Bnei Torah. Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n Construction commenced in 1920. The Yeshiva held a Talmud Torah, a place to train rabbis, and a kitchen to feed orphaned children. It ran at a budget of over half a million marks. This Yeshivah was served as a prototype for what was later to become Chachmei Lublin. Built at the hands of Rabbi Meir Shapiro, Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva, (Jesziwat Chachmei Lublin was an important centre for Torah study in Poland.
Sonok
After leaving Galina, Rabbi Shapiro began tenure as Rabbi of Sonok.
Petrakov
His next posting was to Petrakov.
Lublin
On 14 June 1931, he was appointed Rabbi of Lubin in the old synagogue of the Maharshal. Solomon Luria ( 1510 - November 7, 1574) ( Hebrew: שלמה לוריא) was one of the great Ashkenazic poskim
Daf Yomi
Rabbi Shapiro founded the revolutionary idea of (Heb. דף יומי "page [of the] day" or "daily folio") is a yearly regimen undertaken to study the Babylonian Talmud one folio (a daf consists of both sides of the page) each day. Under this regimen, the entire Talmud is completed, one day at a time, in a cycle of seven and a half years. Rabbi Shapiro introduced his idea Sunday 19 August 1923 during the Kenesia Gedola (Great Assembly) in Vienna, of the first international Aguda convention. Daf Yomi has been taken up since by thousands of Jews worldwide. The last Siyum (public celebation marking the completion of the cycle) took place on 1 March 2005 with an estimated 120,000 in attendance, worldwide. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant It was organized by Agudath Israel of America. Agudath Israel of America (or Agudas Yisroel of America or Agudat Yisrael of America or simply the Agudah is [[Hebrew language|Hebrew] for "gathering" The next Siyum HaShas will take place on 2 August 2012. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the 2012 ( MMXII) will be a Leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin
Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva was, along with Daf Yomi, the largest achievement of Rabbi Shapiro. Built at the hands of Rabbi Meir Shapiro, Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva, (Jesziwat Chachmei Lublin was an important centre for Torah study in Poland. He conceived of a yeshiva for Chassidic Poland, modeled on Lithuanian yeshivahs such as Volozhin, Slobodka and Novardok, but which would train Chassidic rabbis as the next generation to lead Polish Jewry. Valozhyn, Vałožyn or Volozhin (Вало́жын va'ɫoʐɨn Воло́жин Wołożyn וואלאזשין is a town in the Minsk Province of Navahrudak, Novgorodok or Novogrudok (Навагрудак nava'ɣrudak Новогрудок also known as Nowogródek and Naugardukas is a city in the Hrodna The Yeshiva was housed in a massive building, housed hundreds of students and had a vast library of over 100,000 books. On May 22-28, 1924, the cornerstone laying ceremony took place for the construction of the yeshiva building. Approximately 20,000 people participated in the event. The opening ceremony took place on June 24-25, 1930. Apart from thousands of local Jews, around 10,000 people arrived from all over Poland and abroad. Rabbi Shapiro served as the yeshiva's teacher and rosh yeshiva until his death. Rosh yeshiva, ( pl. Heb. Roshei yeshiva; Yeshivish Rosh yeshivas) (ראש ישיבה is the title given to the dean of
Lodz
In 1932 rabbi Shapiro was approached by leaders of the Jewish Community of Lodz, who wanted to offer him the position of Chief Rabbi of Lodz. Łódź is Poland 's third largest city with population of 753192 in 2007 (lost its second rank to Krakow in 2007 Chief Rabbi is a title given in several countries to the recognized religious leader of that country's Jewish community or to a rabbinic leader appointed by the local secular Łódź is Poland 's third largest city with population of 753192 in 2007 (lost its second rank to Krakow in 2007 Many people wanted to appoint Rabbi Mendel Alter of Kalish, (b. 1877, Ger) the brother to the Gerrer Rebbe (and youngest son of the Sfas Emes) to this position. Ger, or Gur (or Gerrer when used as an adjective is a Hasidic dynasty originating from Ger the Yiddish name of Góra Kalwaria Yehuda Aryeh Leib Alter (1847 - 1905 also known by the title of his Torah books as the Sfas Emes ( שפת אמת) was born in Warsaw, Rabbi Shapiro negotiated that a large part of his wage would go to pay off the debts that Chachmei Lublin was still struggling to pay off. Built at the hands of Rabbi Meir Shapiro, Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva, (Jesziwat Chachmei Lublin was an important centre for Torah study in Poland. Eventually it was decided to give it to Rabbi Shapiro. After all the protracted negotiation that went on to get Rabbi Shapiro into this position, he tragically three days after being appointed Chief Rabbi.
Political Activities
Agudat Yisrael
Whilst serving in Galina, Rabbi Shapiro began his involvement with Agudat Israel. World Agudath Israel (The World Jewish Union usually known as the Aguda, was established in the early twentieth century as the political arm of Ashkenazi Torah Judaism He was present at its founding conference in 1912. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting In 1914 he was appointed head of the Education Department of Agudas Yisrael in East Galicia, becoming president in 1922 of Agudas Yisrael in Poland. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Galicia (Галичина ( Halychyna) Galicja is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland He played a role in the conference in the city of Lvov, which had the purpose of launching the Aguda in Galacia, some two years after its founding in Katovitz in 5672.
At the time, he was also added as a member to the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah. The Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah (also abbreviated as Moetzes or The Moetzes) מועצת גדולי התורה ("Council of Torah Sages" is the name for the Rabbi Shapiro was initially very doubtful as to whether he should become an MP for the party, but was encouraged to do so by his rebbe, the Chortkover. Rebbe (רבי (pronounced in English which means master teacher or mentor is a Yiddish word derived from the identical Hebrew word Rabbi
Rabbi Shapiro, together with Aron Levine and Zalmen Sirtzokin, chaired the committee which as a part of the Polish Ministry for Religious Affairs, held responsibility for delegating Rabbinical positions throughout Poland. He was also part of the Vaad HaChinuch.
Beginning in 1922, Rabbi Shapiro served as a parliamentarian to the Polish Sejm. In 1928 he stepped down as a politician so that he could devote all his energies to Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva. Built at the hands of Rabbi Meir Shapiro, Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva, (Jesziwat Chachmei Lublin was an important centre for Torah study in Poland.
Death
Rabbi Shapiro became ill with Typhus in 1933 and died within a month on 27 October 1933 aged 47. Typhus is any of several similar diseases caused by Louse -borne bacteria His death was marked by popular mourning across Jewish and non Jewish Poland. Countless newspapers across the entire political spectrum from orthodox to Yiddishist to Socialist featured front page biographies of Rabbi Shapiro. Yiddishkeit ( Yiddish: ייִדישקייט — yidishkeyt in standard transcription literally means "Jewishness" i Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution
- Reinturnment
Rabbi Shapiro’s remains were reinturned in Israel in 1958, under the auspices of his brother. He was reburied in "Har Harnehos", with a full ceremony. Rabbi Yitzchok Meir Levin delivered a eulogy, as did those students of his who had survived the Holocaust.
Legacy
Rabbi Shapiro is widely revered throughout the Jewish world as the founder of Daf Yomi. Daf Yomi (דף יומי "page the day" or "daily Folio " is a daily regimen undertaken to study the Babylonian Talmud one folio (a An area of Bnei Brak called Zikron Meir was established by Yaakov Halperin in honor of Rabbi Shapiro. Bnei Brak (or Bene Beraq) (בְּנֵי בְּרַק Bəne Bəraq) is a city located on Israel 's central Mediterranean coastal plain It is the area that hosts all the major yeshivas in Bnei Brak. Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n Bnei Brak (or Bene Beraq) (בְּנֵי בְּרַק Bəne Bəraq) is a city located on Israel 's central Mediterranean coastal plain
Works
Rabbi Shapiro is primarily remembered today as a leader, the founder of Daf Yomi, and founder of Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva, he was aso considered a gaon in his lifetime. Built at the hands of Rabbi Meir Shapiro, Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva, (Jesziwat Chachmei Lublin was an important centre for Torah study in Poland. He studied Torah extensively and was a great scholar even by the high standards of the era he lived in. His two major works are Ohr HaMeir and Imrei Da'as.
- Ohr HaMeir - It was in Petrakov that he printed his book of responsa entitled Ohr HaMeir in 1926. Responsa ( Latin: plural of responsum, "answers" comprise a body of written decisions and rulings given by Legal scholars in response to questions As a work it operates on many different subjects, from philosophy to halacha. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law
- Imrei Daas - a compilation of Torah thoughts on Halacha and Aggada, which was lost in World war II. term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law Aggadah ( Aramaic אגדה tales lore pl Aggadot or (Ashkenazi Aggados) refers to the homiletic and non-legalistic exegetical World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The book contained an approbation from The Gaon Rabbi Meir Arik of Meturnah.
- Vortelach - Rabbi Shapiro was a quick and brilliant thinker, and his numerous vortelach (punchy sayings) have been collected in numerous volumes, and quoted in many books.
See also
Built at the hands of Rabbi Meir Shapiro, Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva, (Jesziwat Chachmei Lublin was an important centre for Torah study in Poland. Daf Yomi (דף יומי "page the day" or "daily Folio " is a daily regimen undertaken to study the Babylonian Talmud one folio (a The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over a Millennium.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic