Mediumship is a form of relationship some people say they have with spirits that is practiced in religions such as Spiritualism, Spiritism, Espiritismo, Candomblé, Louisiana Voodoo, and Umbanda. The English word " spirit " comes from the Latin " spiritus " (breath A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Spiritualism is a Religion founded in part on the writings of the Swedish mystic Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772 Spiritism is a Christian philosophical Doctrine, established in France in the mid-nineteenth century Espiritismo ( Spanish for "Spiritism" is the Latin American and Caribbean belief that good and evil Spirits can affect Candomblé (pronounced /kɐ̃dõˈblɛ/is an African-originated or Afro-Brazilian religion practiced chiefly in Brazil. Louisiana Voodoo, also known as New Orleans Voodoo, originated from the ancestral religions of the African diaspora. Basic beliefs and practices The Umbanda creeds and practices are an eclectic mixture from three main sources from Catholicism Umbanda adopted the ideas of ^[1] While the Western movements of Spiritualism and Spiritism account for most Western exposure, most traditional African and African diasporic traditions include mediumship as a central focus of religious practice.

Contents 1 Concept 2 History 3 Terminology 3.1 Spirit guide 3.2 Spirit communicator 3.3 Spirit operator 3.4 Demonstrations of mediumship 3.5 Mental mediumship 3.6 Trance mediumship 3.7 Physical mediumship 3.8 Channeling 4 Psychic senses 5 Notable mediums 6 Research 7 Criticism 8 Fiction 8.1 Film and television 8.2 Video games 8.3 Books 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

Concept

The term "mediumship" denotes the supposed ability of a person (the medium) to experience and/or to tell others about their experiences of contact with spirits of the dead, spirits of non-corporeal entities, angels, and/or nature spirits. In Semiotics, denotation is the surface or literal meaning encoded to a signifier and the Definition most likely to appear in a Dictionary The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living By experiencing , the medium generally claims to allow communication between non-mediumistic people and spirits who may have messages to share.

A medium may claim to: listen to and relate conversations with spirit voices; go into a trance and speak without knowledge of what is being said; allow a spirit to enter his or her body and speak through it; or relay messages from the spirits those who wish to contact them with the help of a physical tool, such as a writing pad.

Mediumship is also part of the belief system of some New Age groups. New Age ( New Age Movement and New Age Spirituality) is a Social Collective Phenomenon and a Spiritual Nature In this context, and under the name channelling, it most often refers to a medium purporting to receive messages from a "teaching-spirit" of advanced wisdom. ^[2][3]

In some cultures, mediums (or the spirits working with them) are believed to be able to produce physical paranormal phenomena such as materialisations of spirits, apports of objects, or levitation. Paranormal is an Umbrella term used to describe unusual Phenomena or experiences that lack an obvious Scientific explanation An apport is the Paranormal transference of an article from one place to another or an appearance of an article from an unknown source Levitation (from Latin levitas "lightness" is the process by which an object is suspended against Gravity, in a stable position ^[4][5]

History

Main article: Spiritualism

Attempts to communicate with the dead and other spirits have been documented back to early human history. Spiritualism is a Religion founded in part on the writings of the Swedish mystic Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772 One of the most well-known is the story Witch of Endor, who was said to have raised the spirit of the deceased prophet Samuel to allow the Hebrew king Saul to question his former mentor about an upcoming battle, as related in the First Book of Samuel in the Jewish Tanakh. In the First book of Samuel (an ancient Jewish prophetic book included in the collection of texts known to Christians as the Old Testament) chapter, the Saul (שאול המלך (or Sha'ul) ( Arabic: طالوت,Tālūt ( (reigned 1047 - 1007 BCE is identified in the Books of Samuel, 1 Chronicles PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ See also Old testament, Septuagint, Targum, Peshitta The Tanakh (תַּנַ"ךְ (taˈnax or; also Tenakh or Tenak is

Mediumship became quite popular in the United States after the rise of Spiritualism as a religious movement. Modern Spiritualism is said to date to the mediumistic activities of the Fox sisters in New York state 1848. Spiritualism is a Religion founded in part on the writings of the Swedish mystic Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772 The Fox sisters were three women from New York who played an important role in the creation of Spiritualism the religious movement. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The trance mediums Paschal Beverly Randolph and Emma Hardinge Britten were among the most celebrated lecturers and authors on the subject in the mid 1800s. Paschal Beverly Randolph ( October 8, 1825 July 29, 1875) was an American Medical doctor, Occultist and Writer Emma Hardinge Britten (1823-1899 is known for her work as an advocate for the early Modern Spiritualist Movement. Mediumship was also described by Allan Kardec, who coined the term Spiritism, around 1860 ^[6]. Allan Kardec was a pseudonym of the French teacher and educator Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail ( Lyon, October 3, 1804 – Paris Spiritism is a Christian philosophical Doctrine, established in France in the mid-nineteenth century

After the exposure of the fraudulent use of stage magic tricks by physical mediums such as the Davenport Brothers, mediumship fell into disrepute, although it never ceased being used by people who believed that the dead can be contacted. Ira Erastus Davenport (1839 &ndash 1911 and William Henry Davenport (1841 &ndash 1877 known as the Davenport Brothers, were American magicians

From the 1930s through the 1990s, as psysical mediumship became less practiced in Spiritualist churches, the technique of channelling gained in popularity, and books by channellers who related the wisdom of non-corporeal and non-terrestrial teacher-spirits became best-sellers amongst believers.

Terminology

Spirit guide

A spirit who brings other spirits to a medium's attention or carries communications between a medium and the spirits of the dead is called a "spirit guide. The English word " spirit " comes from the Latin " spiritus " (breath " Spirit guide " is a term used by the Western tradition of Spiritualist Churches Mediums, and Psychics to describe an entity that remains a disincarnate " Many mediums claim to have specific guides who regularly work with them and "bring in" spirits of the dead. The relationship between the medium and the guide may be providential, or it may be based on family ties. In 1958, the English-born Spiritualist C. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Dorreen Phillips wrote of her experiences with a medium at Camp Chesterfield, Indiana: "In Rev. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union James Laughton's seances there are many Indians. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States They are very noisy and appear to have great power. [. . . ] The little guides, or doorkeepers, are usually Indian boys and girls [who act] as messengers who help to locate the spirit friends who wish to speak with you. " ^[7] Then, describing the mediumship of Rev. Lillian Dee Johnson of Saint Petersburg, Florida, she noted, "Mandy Lou is Rev. St Petersburg (often shortened to St Pete) is a city in Pinellas County Florida, United States. Johnson's guide. [. . ] She was, on earth, a slave to Rev. Johnson's grandmother. " ^[7]

Spirit communicator

A spirit who communicates with a medium, either verbally or visually.

Spirit operator

A spirit who uses a medium to manipulate energy or energy systems.

Demonstrations of mediumship

In old-line Spiritualism, a portion of the services, generally toward the end, is given over to the pastor, or another medium, who receives messages from the spirit world for the congregants. This may be referred to as a "demonstration of mediumship. "

A typical example of this older way of describing a mediumistic church service is found in the 1958 autobiography of C. Dorreen Phillips. She writes of the worship services at the Spiritualist Camp at Chesterfield, Indiana: "Services are held each afternoon, consisting of hymns, a lecture on philosophy, and demonstrations of mediumship. Chesterfield is a town in the US state of Indiana which lies in Salem Township, Delaware County and Union Township, Madison " ^[7]

Today "demonstration of mediumship" is part of the church service at all churches affiliated with the National Spiritualist Association of Churches 'NSAC'. Demonstration links to Declaration of Principal #9. 'We affirm that the precepts of Prophecy and Healing are Divine attributes proven through Mediumship. '

Mental mediumship

Main article: Seance

"Mental mediumship" is communication of spirits with a medium by telepathy. A séance (ˈsay-ons is an attempt to communicate with spirits The word " séance " comes from the French word for "seat" "session" Telepathy ( Greek τηλε tele meaning "distant" and πάθεια patheia meaning "to be affected by" describes the purported transfer The medium mentally "hears," "sees," and/or feels messages from spirits, then, directly or with the help of a spirit guide, passes the information on to the message's recipient(s). When a medium is doing a "reading" for a particular person, that person is known as the "sitter. "

Trance mediumship

Trance mediumship is often seen as a form of mental mediumship.

Some mediums remain conscious during this communication period, while others go into a trance, wherein a spirit uses the medium's body to communicate. Trance mediumship is defined as a spirit taking over the body of the medium, sometimes to such a degree that the medium is unconscious. Part trance mediums are aware during the period of communication, while full trance mediums pass into an unconscious state in which their physical and mental processes are completely controlled by the spirit communicator.

In the 1860s and 1870s, trance mediums were among the most popular of lecturer-entertainers. Spiritualism had attracted adherents who had strong interests in social justice, and many trance mediums delivered passionate speeches on abolitionism, temperence, and women's suffrage. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies See also Prohibition, Teetotalism The Temperance Movement attempted to reduce the amount of Alcohol consumed within a community or society in ^[8]

Because the typical trance medium has no clear memory of the messages conveyed while in a trance, a medium of this type generally works with an assistant who writes down or otherwise records his or her words. A good example of this kind of relationship can be found in the early 20th century collaboration between the trance medium Mrs. Cecil M. Cook of the William T. Stead Memorial Center in Chicago (a religious body incorporated under the statutes of the State of Illinois) and the journalist Lloyd Kenyon Jones, a non-mediumistic Spiritualist who transcribed Cook's messages in shorthand and then edited them for publication in book and pamphlet form. William Thomas Stead ( 5 July 1849 - 15 April 1912) was an English Journalist. Lloyd Kenyon Jones was a newspaper journalist lecturer and author who was raised in Wisconsin and became associated with the religion of Spiritualism during the ^[9]

Physical mediumship

Main article: seance

Physical mediumship is defined as manipulation of energies and energy systems by spirits. A séance (ˈsay-ons is an attempt to communicate with spirits The word " séance " comes from the French word for "seat" "session"

Physical mediumship may involve perceptible manifistations such as loud raps and noises, voices, materialized objects, apports, materialized spirit bodies, or body parts such as hands, and levitation. An apport is the Paranormal transference of an article from one place to another or an appearance of an article from an unknown source The medium is used as source of power and substance for such spirit manifestations. This is sometimes said to be accomplished using the energy or ectoplasm released by a medium. Ectoplasm (from the Greek ektos "outside" + plasma "something formed or molded" is a term coined by Charles Richet to denote a substance or Spiritual ^[10][11]

Most physical mediumship is presented in a darkened or dimly lit room, and most physical mediums make use of a traditional array of tools and appurtenances, including spirit trumpets, spirit cabinets, and levitation tables.

Channeling

There are two main techniques mediumship developed in the latter half of the 20th century. One type involves psychics or sensitives who can speak to spirits and then relay what they hear to their clients. The word psychic (ˈsaɪkɨk from the Greek psychikos—"of the soul mental" refers to the claimed ability to perceive things hidden from the normal senses The word psychic (ˈsaɪkɨk from the Greek psychikos—"of the soul mental" refers to the claimed ability to perceive things hidden from the normal senses One of the most noted channels of this type is clairvoyant Danielle Egnew, known for her communication with angelic entities. Danielle Egnew is a musician actress vocalist media personality Psychic, and activist known in the areas of music film radio and television for both performing and producing

The other incarnation of non-physical mediumship is a form of channeling in which the channeler goes into a trance, or "leaves their body" and then becomes “possessed” by a specific spirit, who then talks through them. ^[12] In the trance, the medium enters a cataleptic state marked by extreme rigidity. The control spirit then takes over, the voice may change completely and the spirit answers the questions of those in its presence or giving spiritual knowledge. ^[13] The most successful and widely known channeler of this variety is JZ Knight, who claims to channel the spirit of Ramtha, a 30 thousand year old man. Others claim to channel spirits from "future dimensional", ascended masters ^[14] or in the case of the trance mediums of the Brahma Kumaris, God himself. Ascended Masters, in the Ascended Master Teachings is derived from the Theosophical concept of Masters of Wisdom or "Mahatmas". Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University ब्रह्माकुमारी pronounced (BKWSU or Prajapita Brahma Kumaris Ishwariya Vishwa Vidyalaya (Sanskrit/Hindi ^[15] Channeling is popularly parodied in the "Doonesbury" cartoon where a ditzy female character is occasionally taken over by "Hunk-Ra," an assertive 21,000-year-old warrior based on Ramtha. Doonesbury is a Comic strip by G B Trudeau that chronicles the adventures and lives of a vast array of different characters of different ages professions Boopsie (aka Barbara Ann Boopstein) is a character in the Comic strip Doonesbury. Other notable channels are Jane Roberts for Seth. Jane Roberts ( May 8, 1929 &ndash September 5, 1984) was an American author Psychic and trance medium

Psychic senses

In Spiritualism, psychic senses used by mental mediums are sometimes defined differently than in other paranormal fields. The term clairvoyance, for instance, may be used by Spiritualists to include seeing spirits and visions instilled by spirits, whereas the Parapsychological Association defines "clairvoyance" as information derived directly from an external physical source. ^[16]

• Clairvoyance or "Clear Seeing", is the ability to see anything which is not physically present, such as objects, animals or people. Clairvoyance (from 17th century French with clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning "visibility" is the apparent ability to gain This sight occurs "in the mind’s eye", and some mediums say that this is their normal vision state. Others say that they must train their minds with such practices as meditation in order to achieve this ability, and that assistance from spiritual helpers is often necessary. Some clairvoyant mediums can see a spirit as though the spirit has a physical body. They see the bodily form as if it were physically present. Other mediums see the spirit in their mind's eye, or it appears as a movie or a television programme or a still picture like a photograph in their mind.

• Clairaudience or "Clear Hearing", is usually defined as the ability to hear the voices or thoughts of spirits. Clairvoyance (from 17th century French with clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning "visibility" is the apparent ability to gain Some Mediums hear as though they are listening to a person talking to them on the outside of their head, as though the Spirit is next to or near to the medium, and other mediums hear the voices in their minds as a verbal thought.

• Clairsentience or "Clear Sensing", is the ability to have an impression of what a spirit wants to communicate, or to feel sensations instilled by a spirit. Clairvoyance (from 17th century French with clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning "visibility" is the apparent ability to gain

• Clairsentinence or "Clear Feeling" is a condition in which the medium takes on the ailments of a spirit, feeling the same physical problem the spirit person before they died. Clairvoyance (from 17th century French with clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning "visibility" is the apparent ability to gain

• Clairalience or "Clear Smelling" is the ability to smell a spirit. Clairvoyance (from 17th century French with clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning "visibility" is the apparent ability to gain For example, a medium may smell the pipe tobacco of a person who smoked during life.

• Clairgustance or "Clear Tasting" is the ability to receive taste impressions from a spirit. Clairvoyance (from 17th century French with clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning "visibility" is the apparent ability to gain

• Claircognizance or "Clear Knowing", is the ability to know something without receiving it through normal or psychic senses. Clairvoyance (from 17th century French with clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning "visibility" is the apparent ability to gain It is a feeling of "just knowing". Often, a medium will claim to have the feeling that a message or situation is "right" or "wrong. "

Notable mediums

Notable alleged mediums have included: Derek Acorah, Rosemary Altea, Sathya Sai Baba, Clifford Bias, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Emma Hardinge Britten, Sylvia Browne, Kuda Bux, Edgar Cayce, Andrew Jackson Davis, Jeane Dixon, Allison DuBois, John Edward, Danielle Egnew, Divaldo Pereira Franco, Colin Fry, Elizabeth "Betty" Grant, Esther Hicks, Daniel Dunglas Home, Richard Ireland, JZ Knight, Joseph Kony, Lekhraj Kripalani, Hirday Mohini, Eusapia Palladino, Paschal Beverly Randolph, Jane Roberts, James Van Praagh, Stanisława Tomczyk, David Wells, Lisa Williams, Chico Xavier, M. Lamar Keene

Research

In Britain, the Society for Psychical Research has investigated some phenomena, mainly in connection with telepathy and apparitions. Derek Acorah (born 27 January 1950) is a medium and television personality in the UK. Rosemary Altea (born 1946 is a Psychic and author She has appeared on various programs including Larry King Live, The Oprah Winfrey Show Sathya Sai Baba ( Telugu: సత్య సాయి బాబా was born as Sathyanarayana Raju on November 23 1926 &mdash or later than Clifford Bias was one of America's most prominent Psychics Born in Huntington West Virginia in 1910 he claimed to communicate since the age of 5 with people who Elena Petrovna Gan (Елена Петровна Ган also Hélène, Yekaterinoslav, Ukraine, Russian Empire — May 8 1891 London) better Emma Hardinge Britten (1823-1899 is known for her work as an advocate for the early Modern Spiritualist Movement. Sylvia Browne (born Sylvia Celeste Shoemaker October 19, 1936) is a best-selling American Author on the subject of Spirituality Kuda Bux ( 1906 - February 5, 1981) was an Indian mystic and magician. Edgar Cayce ( March 18, 1877 &ndash January 3, 1945) (ˈkeɪsiː was an American psychic. Andrew Jackson Davis ( 11 August 1826 – January 13, 1910) American Spiritualist, was born at Blooming Grove New Jeane L Dixon ( January 5, 1904 – January 25, 1997) was one of the best-known American Astrologers and psychics Allison DuBois (born January 24, 1972) is an author and medium. John Edward McGee Jr (born October 19, 1969) better known as John Edward, is an American author and Television personality Danielle Egnew is a musician actress vocalist media personality Psychic, and activist known in the areas of music film radio and television for both performing and producing Divaldo Pereira Franco Humanitarian and worldwide renowned Spiritist speaker and medium Colin Fry (born 1962) is an English television performer who has become one of his country's best known Spiritualist medium personalities Stewart Edward White ( 12 March 1873 – September 18 1946) was an American Author. Esther Hicks is an American inspirational speaker and best-selling Author. Daniel Dunglas Home (pronounced 'Hume' ( March 20, 1833 – June 21, 1886) was a Scottish Spiritualist, famous as Richard Ireland was perhaps the first of his kind to pioneer the demonstration of Psychic phenomena on television starting in the early 1960's on programs such as Joseph Kony (born ca 1962 is the head of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA a guerrilla group that is engaged in a violent campaign to establish a theocratic Lekhraj Khubchand Kripalani (also transliterated as Kirpalani ( 1876 - January 18, 1969) also known as Bhai or Dada Lekhraj, was the founder Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University ब्रह्माकुमारी pronounced (BKWSU or Prajapita Brahma Kumaris Ishwariya Vishwa Vidyalaya (Sanskrit/Hindi Eusapia Palladino (alternate spelling Paladino; Minervino Murge, Bari Province, 1854 – 1918 was a famous Spiritualist medium Paschal Beverly Randolph ( October 8, 1825 July 29, 1875) was an American Medical doctor, Occultist and Writer Jane Roberts ( May 8, 1929 &ndash September 5, 1984) was an American author Psychic and trance medium James Van Praagh (b August 23 1958, Bayside, New York) is a best-selling author and spiritual medium. Stanisława Tomczyk was a Polish Spiritualist medium in the early 20th century David Wells (born June 8, 1960) is a medium and Astrologer. Born in the community of Kelloholm in Scotland, Wells claims he discovered Lisa Williams (born in Birmingham England) is a medium and Clairvoyant starring in a show on Lifetime called Lisa Williams Life Among Chico Xavier was a popular medium in Brazil ´s Spiritism movement M Lamar Keene, born about 1938 was a spirit medium in Florida known as the "Prince of the Spiritualists " The Society for Psychical Research ( SPR) is a Non-profit organization which started in the United Kingdom and was later imitated in other countries Telepathy ( Greek τηλε tele meaning "distant" and πάθεια patheia meaning "to be affected by" describes the purported transfer ^[17] According to an article in the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, in some cases mediums have produced personal information which has been well above guessing rates . ^[18]

The VERITAS Research Program of the Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health in the Department of Psychology at the University of Arizona, run by Gary Schwartz, was created primarily to test the hypothesis that the consciousness (or identity) of a person survives physical death. The University of Arizona (also referred to as UA, U of A, or Arizona) is a Land-grant and space-grant public institution Gary E Schwartz, PhD is a professor of Psychology who teaches courses in psychology in the departments of Medicine, Neurology, Psychiatry ^[19] Studies conducted by VERITAS have been approved by the University of Arizona Human Subjects Protection Program and an academic advisory board.

Criticism

While advocates of mediumship claim that their experiences are genuine, the Encyclopedia Britannica article on spiritualism notes that ". . . one by one, the [Spiritualist] mediums were discovered to be engaged in fraud, sometimes employing the techniques of stage magicians in their attempts to convince people of their clairvoyant powers. " The article also notes that "the exposure of widespread fraud within the spiritualist movement severely damaged its reputation and pushed it to the fringes of society in the United States. "^[20]

Some Christians believe that mediumship is specifically forbidden in the Bible, and they can cite biblical verses to support their position. ^[21]

Criticism of mediumship also comes from skeptics and atheists, who dispute the existence of spirits or of genuine mediums. In ordinary usage skepticism or scepticism ( Greek 'σκέπτομαι' skeptomai, to look about to consider see also spelling differences Atheism Skeptics say the phenomena of mediumship are the result of self-delusion, unconscious influence, or of magician's techniques such as cold reading, hot reading, and conjuring. A delusion is commonly defined as a fixed False Belief and is used in everyday language to describe a belief that is either false fanciful or derived from Deception Cold reading is a technique used by mentalists and fortune tellers, Psychics and mediums to determine details about another person in order to Hot reading is the use of foreknowledge when giving a " Psychic " reading in Stage magic performances The word conjuration (from Latin 'conjure' 'conjurare' to swear together can be interpreted in several different ways as an Invocation or Evocation (the latter ^[1][22].

Fiction

In fantasy literature, references to channelers or mediums are sometimes used in other ways, particularly to describe a person's ability to draw on some form of magical power. Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Magic, sometimes known as sorcery, is a Conceptual system that asserts human ability to control the natural world (including events objects people and

Film and television

• The Amazing Mr. X, also relased under the title The Spiritualist, is a movie starring Turhan Bey as a fraudulent medium. Turhan Bey (born Turhan Gilbert Selahattin Sahultavy on March 30, 1922 in Vienna
• Medium is an American television series about a woman (played by Patricia Arquette) who acts as a research medium for the Phoenix, Arizona district attorney's office. Medium is an American Dramatic Television series which premiered on NBC on January 3, 2005. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U Patricia T Arquette (born April 8, 1968) is an American actress. Phoenix (ˈfiːˌnɪks O'odham Skikik, Yavapai Wasinka, Western Apache Fiinigis, Navajo Hoozdo, The series is based on the life of Allison DuBois, who claims to use her psychic ability allowing her to contact the dead to help the local law enforcement agency. Allison DuBois (born January 24, 1972) is an author and medium.
• Ghost Whisperer is an American television drama-fantasy-thriller starring Jennifer Love Hewitt as a young woman who can communicate with the spirits of the dead. Ghost Whisperer is an American television drama - fantasy - thriller that premiered on CBS September 23 2005 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Dramatic programming is Television content that is scripted and (normally fictional Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting The thriller is a broad Genre of Literature, Film, Gaming and Television. Jennifer Love Hewitt (born February 21, 1979) is an American Actress and Singer-songwriter.
• A green chihuahua named Shirley is a medium in the cartoon Courage the Cowardly Dog. Courage the Cowardly Dog is an Academy Award -nominated American Animated television series, created by John R
• The film The Sixth Sense is about a boy who can see ghosts. The Sixth Sense is a 1999 Psychological horror film written and directed by M
• In the movie Ghost, Whoopi Goldberg plays a medium who discovers that she can actually hear ghosts, and uses her magical power to help the protagonist. Ghost is a 1990 romantic Fantasy film starring Patrick Swayze, Demi Moore, Tony Goldwyn and Whoopi Whoopi Goldberg (born Caryn Elaine Johnson; November 13, 1955) is an American actress, comedienne, and television
• In the 2007 film The Orphanage, Geraldine Chaplin plays a medium helping a woman find her missing son. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Geraldine Leigh Chaplin (born July 31, 1944) is a Golden Globe and BAFTA Award -nominated actress and the daughter of Charlie

Video games

• In the 2004 video game Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, the player meets The Sorrow, a mysterious dead medium who battles and also assists the player. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. (commonly abbreviated to MGS3) is a stealth action Video game directed by Hideo Kojima. The Sorrow is a Metalcore band from Austria. They were formed in 2005 by Mathias Schlegl and Andreas Mäser from the band Disconnected and Dominik Immler and Tobias
• In the Ace Attorney series, Maya, Pearl, and Mia Fey are spirit mediums who have the ability to allow spirits to take over their bodies temporarily and at the same time alter their appearance to that of the person they are channeling. Ace Attorney, known in Japan as, is a series of adventure / Visual novel games created by Shu Takumi and published by Capcom in which Mia Fey never uses her abilities in the games, but is usually called upon by Maya and Pearl.
• In the 2007 independent computer game series The Blackwell Legacy, a young woman named Rosangela Blackwell is a medium who inherited the ability from her late Aunt Lauren who was thought to have dementia. She inherits her aunt's "spirit guide", a ghost named Joey that apparently only she, other ghosts, and other mediums can see. They work together to bring tortured souls trapped in the material plane to the afterlife. In the second game of the series you play as her Aunt Lauren at the time she was Rosangela's age, where she channels spirits whose souls are linked between another medium and a living "spirit guide" who wrote about their troubles.
• The 1995 Sierra horror epic Phantasmagoria (computer game) featured the main character consulting a hobo woman who turned out to be an actual medium who channeled one of the malicious spirits present on the property. Phantasmagoria is a CD-ROM horror -themed Video game created by Sierra On-line for the DOS and Windows platforms

Books

• Yoshino Somei in Spriggan uses her necromancy skills to act as a medium, allowing the dead to speak to any living human. is a fictional character in the Manga series Spriggan. A teenaged mercenary she specializes in hunting down various kinds of out-of-place artifacts from around the is a Manga series created by Hiroshi Takashige and Ryoji Minagawa during the early 1990s

• The Secret Life of Sparrow Delaney by Suzanne Harper tells the story of a teenage medium in a family of eight others.

See also

• Séance
• Spiritualist Church
• Spiritualism
• The Spirits Book
• The Book on Mediums
• Spirit possession
• List of channelled texts
• Automatic drawing
• Automatic writing
• Faith healing
• Parapsychology
• Raymond Moody, Near-death experiences, Life After Life

References

External links

• The Channeling Wiki
• A further point-by-point response by Gary Schwartz to Ray Hyman's article How Not to Test Mediums
• A Portal with Insight on Mediumship
• After Death Communication Research Foundation, Jody A. Long, J.D. and Jeffrey P. Long, M.D.
• The Scientific Proof of Survival After Death
• Allan Kardec Educational Society website: The Book of Mediums
• Article about how mediums work
• A Psychic Medium Social Network
• DMOZ listing of Mediums
• Clairvoyant, Psychic & Medium - Spirit Of Stillwater
• Spiritist Cristian Federation of Spain
• Albert Greco Internationally Renowned Spirit Medium
• Brenda Frazier professional psychic medium
• MediumChannel features interviews and readings with top rated psychic mediums.
• Bart Smit Deep Trance Channeler, channeling Dr. Williams

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