McDonald's Corporation
Type	Public (NYSE: MCD)
Founded	May 15, 1940 in San Bernardino, California McDonald's Corporation, 1955 in Des Plaines, Illinois
Founder	Dick and Mac McDonald McDonald's restaurant concept Ray Kroc, McDonald's Corporation founder. The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome Richard "Dick" J McDonald ( February 16, 1909 – July 14, 1998) and Maurice "Mac" McDonald ( November 26 Raymond Albert Kroc ( October 5, 1902 - January 14, 1984) took over the then small-scale McDonald's Corporation franchise in 1954 and
Headquarters	Oak Brook, Illinois, USA
No. Oak Brook is an affluent Suburb of Chicago in DuPage County, in Illinois. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union.  of locations	31,000+ worldwide[1]
Key people	Andrew J. McKenna Sr. Chairman Jim Skinner Vice Chairman & CEO Ralph Alvarez, president & COO
Industry	Restaurants
Products	Fast Food (hamburgers • chicken • french fries • soft drinks • milkshakes • salads • desserts • breakfast)
Revenue	▲ $22. A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator Ralph Alvarez (born 1955 in Cuba) is a Cuban American businessman and the current President and COO of McDonald's Corporation President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. A chief operating officer or chief operations officer ( COO) is a Corporate officer responsible for managing the day-to-day activities of the Corporation For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly A hamburger (or burger) is a Sandwich consisting of a cooked ground Meat Patty, usually Beef, placed in a sliced bun or between The chicken ( Gallus gallus, sometimes G gallus domesticus) is a domesticated Fowl which is traditionally believed to have descended from French fries ( North American English; sometimes not capitalized chips ( British English) fries or French-fried potatoes (formal Soft drink is a beverage that does not contain Alcohol. Carbonated soft drinks are commonly known as soda soda pop pop, or A milkshake is a sweet cold beverage which is made from Milk, Ice cream or Iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as fruit syrup or chocolate Salad is a mixture of cold foods usually including vegetables and/or fruits often with a dressing occasionally nuts or Croutons, and sometimes with the addition of Dessert is a course that typically comes at the end of a meal usually consisting of sweet Food but sometimes of a strongly-flavored one such as some Cheeses The Breakfast is the first meal of the day The word derives from the idea of break ing the '''fast''' of sleep In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services 79 billion USD (2008)[2]
Operating income	▲ $14. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been In financial and business Accounting, earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT is a measure of a firm's profitability that excludes interest and income tax expenses 445 billion USD (2006)[2]
Net income	▲ $3. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Net income is equal to the Income that a firm has after subtracting costs and Expenses from the total Revenue. 544 billion USD (2006)[2]
Employees	465,000 (2005)[2]
Website	www.mcdonalds.com This box: view • talk • edit

McDonald's (NYSE: MCD) is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving nearly 47 million customers daily^[3]. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. A fast food restaurant, sometimes known as a quick service restaurant or QSR, is a specific type of Restaurant characterized both by its Fast food McDonald's primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, French fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts. A hamburger (or burger) is a Sandwich consisting of a cooked ground Meat Patty, usually Beef, placed in a sliced bun or between A cheeseburger is a Hamburger accompanied with melted Cheese. Chicken is the Meat derived from the Chicken. It is the most common type of Poultry in the world and is frequently prepared as Food French fries ( North American English; sometimes not capitalized chips ( British English) fries or French-fried potatoes (formal Breakfast is the first meal of the day The word derives from the idea of break ing the '''fast''' of sleep Soft drink is a beverage that does not contain Alcohol. Carbonated soft drinks are commonly known as soda soda pop pop, or A milkshake is a sweet cold beverage which is made from Milk, Ice cream or Iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as fruit syrup or chocolate Dessert is a course that typically comes at the end of a meal usually consisting of sweet Food but sometimes of a strongly-flavored one such as some Cheeses The More recently, it has begun to offer salads, wraps and fruit. Salad is a mixture of cold foods usually including vegetables and/or fruits often with a dressing occasionally nuts or Croutons, and sometimes with the addition of Many McDonald's restaurants have included a playground for children and advertising geared toward children, and some have been redesigned in a more 'natural' style, with a particular emphasis on comfort and the absence of hard plastic chairs and tables.

History

Main article: History of McDonald's

The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by siblings Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California. This is a timeline of the history of McDonald's. A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. Richard "Dick" J McDonald ( February 16, 1909 – July 14, 1998) and Maurice "Mac" McDonald ( November 26 California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Their introduction of the "Speedee Service System" in 1948 established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant. Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois on April 15, 1955, the ninth McDonald's restaurant overall. Franchising refers to the methods of practicing and using another person's Philosophy of business. Raymond Albert Kroc ( October 5, 1902 - January 14, 1984) took over the then small-scale McDonald's Corporation franchise in 1954 and The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Kroc later purchased the McDonald brothers' equity in the company and led its worldwide expansion.

With the successful expansion of McDonald's into many international markets, the company has become a symbol of globalization and the spread of the American way of life. Globalization (or globalisation) in its literal sense is the process of transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones The American way of life is an expression that refers to the " Life style " of people living in the United States of America. Its prominence has also made it a frequent topic of public debates about obesity, corporate ethics and consumer responsibility. Obesity is a condition in which excess Body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be negatively affected Business ethics is a form of Applied ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment Consumers refers to individuals or households that use goods and services generated within the economy. Moral responsibility can refer to two different but related things

Corporate overview

Facts and figures

A McDonald's store front in Times Square. Times Square is a major intersection in Manhattan, New York City at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue and stretching from West

The interior of a McCafé concept located in Dublin, Ireland. McCafé, launched in Melbourne Australia in 1993 reflects a desire for traditional European coffee Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland.

McDonald's restaurants are found in 119 countries^[4] and territories around the world and serve nearly 47 million customers each day. McDonald's operates over 31,000 restaurants worldwide, employing more than 1. 5 million people^[5]. The company also operates other restaurant brands, such as Piles Café, and has a minority stake in Pret a Manger. A brand is a collection of Images and ideas representing an economic producer more specifically it refers to the descriptive verbal attributes and concrete symbols such as a Pret A Manger ( French for "ready to eat" a reference to "prêt à porter" (ready-to-wear as distinct from "bespoke" informally known as "Pret" The company owned a majority stake in Chipotle Mexican Grill until completing its divestment in October 2006. Chipotle Mexican Grill ( NYSE: '''CMG''' is a chain of Fresh Mex Restaurants specializing in San Francisco burritos and Tacos In Finance and Economics, divestment or divestiture is the reduction of some kind of Asset for either financial goals or ethical objectives Until December 2003, it also owned Donatos Pizza. Donatos Pizza is a " fast casual " restaurant chain founded in 1963 by college sophomore Jim Grote On August 27, 2007, McDonald's sold Boston Market to Sun Capital Partners. Boston Market (known before 1995 as Boston Chicken) headquartered in Golden Colorado, is a chain of American Fast casual restaurants Sun Capital Partners Inc is a private investment firm focused on Leveraged buyouts equity, Debt, and other investments in market-leading companies ^[6]

Types of restaurants

Most standalone McDonald's restaurants offer both counter service and drive-through service, with indoor and sometimes outdoor seating. Counter service is a form of service in Restaurants Pubs and bars where food or drinks are ordered at the counter A drive-through, or drive-thru, is a type of service provided by a business that allows customers to purchase products without leaving their cars Drive-Thru, Auto-Mac, Pay and Drive, or McDrive as it is known in many countries, often has separate stations for placing, paying for, and picking up orders, though the latter two steps are frequently combined; it was first introduced in Arizona in 1975, following the lead of other fast-food chains. In some countries "McDrive" locations near highways offer no counter service or seating. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Before adding any more images to this * * page please do carefully consider * * whether they would be mere decoration * * or actually improve In contrast, locations in high-density city neighborhoods often omit drive-through service. A drive-through, or drive-thru, is a type of service provided by a business that allows customers to purchase products without leaving their cars There are also a few locations, located mostly in downtown districts, that offer Walk-Thru service in place of Drive-Thru.

Specially themed restaurants also exist, such as the "Solid Gold McDonald's," a 1950s rock-and-roll themed restaurant. In Victoria, British Columbia, there is also a McDonald's with a 24 carat (100%) gold chandelier and similar light fixtures. Victoria (vɪkˈtɔɹiə is the capital city of British Columbia. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C A chandelier is a branched decorative ceiling-mounted light fixture with two or more arms bearing lights

The site of the first McDonald's to be franchised by Ray Kroc is now a museum in Des Plaines, Illinois. The McDonald's Museum is housed in a replica of the former McDonald's restaurant in Des Plaines Illinois opened by Ray Kroc in 1955 The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The building is a replica of the original, which was the ninth McDonald's restaurant.

To accommodate the current trend for high quality coffee and the popularity of coffee shops in general, McDonald's introduced McCafés. The McCafé concept is a café-style accompaniment to McDonald's restaurants. McCafé is a concept of McDonald's Australia, starting with Melbourne in 1993. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Today, most McDonald's in Australia have McCafés located within the existing McDonald's restaurant. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. In Tasmania there are McCafés in every store, with the rest of the states quickly following suit. Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass After upgrading to the new McCafe look and feel, some Australian stores have noticed up to a 60% increase in sales. As of the end of 2003 there were over 600 McCafés worldwide.

Some locations are connected to BP gas stations/convenience stores,^[7] while others called McDonald's Express have limited seating and/or menu or may be located in a shopping mall. BP plc, previously known as British Petroleum, is the third largest global Energy company, a multinational oil company (" Oil major A filling station, fueling station, gas station, service station, petrol station, or gasbar, Retail Outlet A convenience store is a small store or shop. They are often located alongside busy roads or at gas/petrol stations. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors Other McDonald's are located in Wal-Mart stores. Wal-Mart Stores Inc (or Walmart as written in its new logo is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large discount department stores McStop is a location targeted at truckers and travelers which may have services found at truck stops. A truck stop is a commercial facility that provides fuel parking and usually food and other services to long-haul trucks ^[8]

Playgrounds

Some McDonald's in suburban areas and certain cities feature large indoor or outdoor playgrounds, called "McDonald's PlayPlace" (if indoors) or "Playland" (outdoors). A playground or play area is an area designed for Children to play, indoors or outdoors The first PlayPlace with the familiar crawl-tube design with ball pits and slides was introduced in 1987 in the USA, with many more being constructed soon after. Some PlayPlace playgrounds have been renovated into "R Gym" areas.

"R Gyms" are in-restaurant play area that features interactive game zones designed for children aged 4 to 12. Equipped with stationary bicycles attached to video games, dance pads, basketball hoops, monkey bars, an obstacle course, and other games which emphasize physical activity. ^[9]

The "R Gym" features the Toddler Zone, an active play environment with age appropriate games that develop physical coordination and social skills; the Active Zone, designed for children aged four-to-eight that promotes physical fitness through fun play; the Sports Zone which features a series of sport oriented activities to promote aerobic exercise for children aged 9-to-12; the Parent Zone which features seating and provides a monitoring area for their children; and the Dining Area which allows families to eat.

Redesign

A McDonald's in Shenango Township, Pennsylvania just outside of New Castle was rebuilt in 2007 with the new "Forever Young" look. Shenango Township is a township in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, United States. New Castle is a city in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, 50 miles (80 km northwest of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and 18 miles (30 km east

In 2006, McDonald's introduced its "Forever Young" brand by redesigning all of their restaurants, the first major redesign since the 1970s. ^[10][11]

The new design will include the traditional McDonald's yellow and red colors, but the red will be muted to terra cotta, the yellow will turn golden for a more "sunny" look, and olive and sage green will be added. To warm up their look, the restaurants will have less plastic and more brick and wood, with modern hanging lights to produce a softer glow. Contemporary art or framed photographs will hang on the walls.

The exterior will have golden awnings and a "swish brow" instead of the traditional double-slanted mansard roof. A Mansard or Mansard roof in Architecture refers to a style of Hip roof characterized by two slopes on each of its four sides with the lower slope being

The new restaurants will feature areas:

• The "linger" zone will offer armchairs, sofas, and Wi-Fi connections. Wi-Fi (ˈwaɪfaɪ is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used
• The "grab and go" zone will feature tall counters with bar stools for customers who eat alone; Plasma TVs will offer them news and weather reports. A plasma display panel (PDP is a type of Flat panel display now commonly used for large TV displays (typically above 37-inch or 940 mm
• The "flexible" zone will be targeted toward families and will have booths featuring fabric cushions with colorful patterns and flexible seating.
• Different music targeted to each zone.

Business model

McDonald's Corporation earns revenue as an investor in properties, a franchiser of restaurants, and an operator of restaurants. Approximately 15% of McDonald's restaurants are owned and operated by McDonald's Corporation directly. The remainder are operated by others through a variety of franchise agreements and joint ventures.

The McDonald's Corporation's business model is slightly different from that of most other fast-food chains. A business model is a term used for a broad range of informal and formal descriptions that are used by enterprises to represent various aspects of its business including its purpose offerings In addition to ordinary franchise fees and marketing fees, which are calculated as a percentage of sales, McDonald's may also collect rent, which may also be calculated on the basis of sales. Franchising refers to the methods of practicing and using another person's Philosophy of business. Lease Renting is an agreement where a payment is made for the temporary As a condition of many franchise agreements, which vary by contract age, country and location, the Corporation may own or lease the properties on which McDonald's franchises are located. In most, if not all cases, the franchisee does not own the location of its restaurants.

The UK business model is different, in that fewer than 30% of restaurants are franchised, with the majority under the ownership of the company. McDonald's trains its franchisees and others at Hamburger University in Oak Brook, Illinois. Hamburger University is a 130000 square foot (12000 m² training facility of McDonald's Corporation, located at 2815 Jorie Boulevard in Oak Brook Illinois, a Oak Brook is an affluent Suburb of Chicago in DuPage County, in Illinois. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union.

In other countries McDonald's restaurants are operated by joint ventures of McDonald's Corporation and other, local entities or governments.

As a matter of policy, McDonald's does not make direct sales of food or materials to franchisees, instead organizing the supply of food and materials to restaurants through approved third party logistics operators.

According to Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser (2001), nearly one in eight workers in the U.S. have at some time been employed by McDonald's. Fast Food Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal (2001 is a book by Investigative journalist Eric Schlosser that examines the local and Eric Schlosser (born August 17, 1959) is an award-winning American journalist and Author known for investigative or Muckraking The United States of America —commonly referred to as the (According to a news piece on Fox News this figure is one in ten). The book also states that McDonald's is the largest private operator of playgrounds in the U. S. , as well as the single largest purchaser of beef, pork, potatoes, and apples. Beef is the Culinary name for Meat from Bovines especially domestic Cattle (cows Pork' is the Culinary name for Meat from the domestic Pig ( Sus scrofa) often specifically the fresh meat but can be used as an all-inclusive The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae The apple is the pomaceous Fruit of the apple tree Species Malus domestica in the Rose family Rosaceae. The selection of meats McDonald's uses varies with the culture of the host country.

Controversies

Potted plants at a McDonald's.

As a prominent example of the rapid globalization of American fast food industry, McDonald's is often the target of criticism for its menu, its expansion, and its business practices.

For example, in 1990, two British activists, David Morris and Helen Steel, distributed leaflets entitled What's wrong with McDonald's? on the streets of London. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located David Morris may refer to David Morris (general, commander of United States Army Civil Affairs & Psychological Operations Command (Airborne The McDonald's Restaurants v Morris & Steel, colloquially the McLibel case, was a long-running English court action for Libel McDonald's wrote to Steel and Morris demanding they desist and apologize, and, when they refused, sued them for libel in a case known colloquially as the McLibel case. The McDonald's Restaurants v Morris & Steel, colloquially the McLibel case, was a long-running English court action for Libel

In 2001, Eric Schlosser's book Fast Food Nation included criticism of McDonald's' business practices. Eric Schlosser (born August 17, 1959) is an award-winning American journalist and Author known for investigative or Muckraking Fast Food Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal (2001 is a book by Investigative journalist Eric Schlosser that examines the local and Among the critiques are allegations that McDonald's (along with other companies within the fast-food industry) uses its political influence to increase their own profits at the expense of people's health and the social conditions of its workers. The book also brings into question McDonald's advertisement techniques where it targets children. While the book does mention other fast-food chains, it focuses primarily on McDonald's.

In 2002, vegetarian groups, largely Hindu, successfully sued McDonald's for misrepresenting their French fries as vegetarian. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical ^[12]

Morgan Spurlock's 2004 documentary film Super Size Me said that McDonald's food was contributing to the epidemic of obesity in society, and failing to provide nutritional information about its food for its customers. Morgan Spurlock (born November 7, 1970) is an American documentary Filmmaker, Television producer and Screenwriter Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality Super Size Me is a 2004 Documentary film written produced directed by and starring Morgan Spurlock, an American independent Obesity is a condition in which excess Body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be negatively affected

Six weeks after the film premiered, McDonald's announced that is eliminating the super size option, and created the adult happy meal.

Anthony Bourdain on his show, No Reservations, has criticized McDonald's among other fast-food restaurants for its culinary blandness. Anthony Michael "Tony" Bourdain (born June 25 1956 is an American Author and Chef. Anthony Bourdain No Reservations is an ongoing American travel and food show on the Travel Channel; it also airs on the Discovery Travel & Living

In 1999 José Bové vandalized a McDonald's in France to protest against the introduction of fast food in the region. Joseph (José Bové (born June 11, 1953) is a French farmer and syndicalist, member of the alter-globalization movement, and spokesman ^[13]

Arguments in defense of McDonald's

In response to public pressure, McDonald's has sought to include more healthy choices in its menu and has introduced a new slogan to its recruitment posters: "Not bad for a McJob". McJob is Slang for a low-paying low-prestige job that requires few skills and offers very little chance of intracompany advancement (The word McJob, first attested in the mid-1980s^[14] and later popularized by Canadian novelist Douglas Coupland in his book Generation X, has become a buzz word for low-paid, unskilled work with few prospects or benefits and little security. Douglas Coupland (born December 30, 1961) is a Canadian Novelist. ) McDonald's disputes the idea that its restaurant jobs have no prospects, noting that its CEO, Jim Skinner, started working at the company as a regular restaurant employee, and that 20 of its top 50 managers began work as regular crew members. Jim Skinner (born 1944 in Illinois) is the current President and CEO of McDonald's Corporation ^[15] In 2007, the company launched an advertising campaign with the slogan "Would you like a career with that?" on Irish television, outlining that their jobs have many prospects. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe.

In a bid to tap into growing consumer interest in the provenance of food, the fast-food chain recently switched its supplier of both coffee beans and milk. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. UK chief executive Steve Easterbrook said: “British consumers are increasingly interested in the quality, sourcing and ethics of the food and drink they buy". McDonald's coffee is now brewed from beans taken from stocks that have been certified by the conservation group the Rainforest Alliance. The Rainforest Alliance is a Non-governmental organization (NGO working to conserve Biodiversity and ensure sustainable livelihoods by transforming land-use practices Similarly, milk supplies used for its hot drinks and milkshakes have been switched to organic sources which could account for 5% of the UK's organic milk output. ^[16]

In other cases, the firm has shown itself ready to adjust its business practices. When the public became concerned that product packaging was environmentally damaging, McDonald's started a joint project with Friends of the Earth to eliminate the use of polystyrene containers, in the United States, to reduce the amount of waste produced. Friends of the Earth (HK is not a member of Friends of the Earth International Polystyrene ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn ( IUPAC Polyphenylethene is an aromatic Polymer made from the aromatic Monomer Styrene

Oak Brook, Ill-based McDonald's Corp. announced on May 22, 2008 that it is switching to transfat-free cooking oil for French fries in the U. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. French fries ( North American English; sometimes not capitalized chips ( British English) fries or French-fried potatoes (formal S. and Canada. The company will use canola-based oil with corn and soy oils, by year's end for its baked items, pies and cookies. ^[17][18]

Environmental record

In April 2008, McDonald's announced that 11 of its Sheffield restaurants have been using a biomass trial that had cut its waste and carbon footprint by half in the area. In this trial, waste from the restaurants were collected by Veolia Environmental Services and used to produce energy at a power plant. Veolia Environnement SA () is a multinational French company with activities in four main areas - Water, Waste management, Energy and McDonald's plans to expand this project, however the lack of biomass power plants in the U. S. will prevent this plan from becoming a national standard anytime soon. ^[19] In addition, in Europe, McDonald's has been recycling vegetable grease by converting it to fuel for their diesel trucks. ^[20]

Furthermore, McDonald's has been using a corn-based bioplastic to produce containers for some of their products. Although industries who use this product claim a carbon savings of 30% to 80%, a Guardian study shows otherwise. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. The results show that this type of plastic does not break down in landfills as efficiently as other conventional plastics. The extra energy it takes to recycle this plastic results in a higher output of greenhouse gases. Also, the plastics can contaminate waste streams causing other recycled plastics to become unsaleable. ^[21]

The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has recognized McDonald's to demonstrate a continuous effort to solid waste reduction by inspecting its packaging for efficient material for and by promoting the use of recycled-content materials. ^[22] McDonald's report that they are committed towards environmental leadership by effectively managing electric energy, by conserving natural resources through recycling and reusing materials, and by addressing water management issues within the restaurant. ^[23]

When McDonald’s received criticism for its environmental policies in the 1970s, it began to make substantial progress towards source reductions efforts. ^[24] For instance, an “average meal” in the 1970s—a Big Mac, fries, and a drink—required 46 grams of packaging; today, it requires only 25 grams, allowing a 46 percent reduction. ^[25] In addition, McDonald’s eliminated the need for intermediate containers for Coke by having a delivery system that pumps syrup directly from the delivery truck into storage containers, saving two million pounds of packaging annually. Coke may refer to Coke (fuel, a solid carbonaceous residue derived from destructive distillation of coal Petroleum coke, a solid carbon ^[26] Overall, weight reductions in packaging and products, as well as the increased usage of bulk packaging ultimately decreased packaging by 24 million pounds annually. ^[27]

Legal cases

Main article: McDonald's legal cases

McDonald's has been involved in a number of lawsuits and other legal cases, most of which involved trademark disputes. McDonald's has been involved in a number of Lawsuits and other legal cases in the course of the Fast food chain's 68-year history In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual The company has threatened many food businesses with legal action unless they drop the Mc or Mac from their trading name. In one noteworthy case, McDonald's sued a Scottish café owner called McDonald, even though the business in question dated back over a century (Sheriff Court Glasgow and Strathkelvin, 21 November 1952). Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

It has also filed numerous defamation suits. The McLibel case is probably the best known of these. The McDonald's Restaurants v Morris & Steel, colloquially the McLibel case, was a long-running English court action for Libel McDonald's sued two Greenpeace activists for distributing pamphlets attacking its environmental, labor and health records. After the longest trial in UK legal history, McDonald's won a technical victory for showing that some allegations were untrue. But it was a massive public relations disaster since the judge also found that more than half of what was on the pamphlet was truthful, or were simply the opinions of the activists and therefore non-prosecutable.

McDonald's has defended itself in several cases involving workers' rights. In 2001 the company was fined £12,400 by British magistrates for illegally employing and over-working child labor in one of its London restaurants. This is thought to be one of the largest fines imposed on a company for breaking laws relating to child working conditions (R v [2002] EWCA Crim 1094). In April 2007 in Perth, Western Australia, McDonald's pleaded guilty to five charges relating to the employment of children under 15 in one of its outlets and was fined AU$8,000. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. ^[28]

Possibly the most infamous legal case involving McDonald's was the 1994 decision in The McDonald's Coffee Case. Liebeck v McDonald's Restaurants, also known as the “ McDonald's coffee case,” is a 1994 Product liability Lawsuit that became a flashpoint

Products

Ronald McDonald

Main article: McDonald's products

See also: McDonald's products (international)

McDonald's predominantly sells hamburgers, various types of chicken sandwiches and products, French fries, soft drinks, breakfast items, and desserts. Ronald McDonald is a Clown character used as the primary mascot of the McDonald's Fast-food restaurant chain McDonald's original restaurant in San Bernardino California served only Hamburgers Milkshakes and French fries. In order to satisfy the palate of the local population in a country McDonald's offers a regionalized version of its menu. A hamburger (or burger) is a Sandwich consisting of a cooked ground Meat Patty, usually Beef, placed in a sliced bun or between The chicken ( Gallus gallus, sometimes G gallus domesticus) is a domesticated Fowl which is traditionally believed to have descended from A sandwich is a food item made of two or more slices of Bread with one or more layers of a filling French fries ( North American English; sometimes not capitalized chips ( British English) fries or French-fried potatoes (formal Soft drink is a beverage that does not contain Alcohol. Carbonated soft drinks are commonly known as soda soda pop pop, or Breakfast is the first meal of the day The word derives from the idea of break ing the '''fast''' of sleep Dessert is a course that typically comes at the end of a meal usually consisting of sweet Food but sometimes of a strongly-flavored one such as some Cheeses The In most markets, McDonald's offers salads and vegetarian items, wraps and other localized fare. Salad is a mixture of cold foods usually including vegetables and/or fruits often with a dressing occasionally nuts or Croutons, and sometimes with the addition of Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes Meat (including game and slaughter by-products Fish (including Shellfish and other sea This local deviation from the standard menu is a characteristic for which the chain is particularly known, and one which is employed either to abide by regional food taboos (such as the religious prohibition of beef consumption in India) or to make available foods with which the regional market is more familiar (such as the sale of McRice in Indonesia). India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia.

Advertising

Main article: McDonald's advertising

McDonald's has for decades maintained an extensive advertising campaign. McDonald's has for decades maintained an extensive advertising campaign In addition to the usual media (television, radio, and newspaper), the company makes significant use of billboards and signage, sponsors sporting events from ranging from Little League to the Olympic Games, and makes coolers of orange drink with their logo available for local events of all kinds. Little League Baseball is the name of a Non-profit organization in the United States which organizes local children's leagues of baseball and Softball The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games The term orange drink (not to be confused with Orange soft drinks refers to a sweet sugary orange-flavored drink Nonetheless, television has always played a central role in the company's advertising strategy.

To date, McDonald's has used 23 different slogans in United States advertising, as well as a few other slogans for select countries and regions. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the At times, it has run into trouble with its campaigns.

Children's advertising

Main articles: Ronald McDonald and McDonaldland

Global operations

Countries with McDonald's stores

McDonald's has become emblematic of globalization, sometimes referred as the "McDonaldization" of society. Ronald McDonald is a Clown character used as the primary mascot of the McDonald's Fast-food restaurant chain McDonaldland was a fictional universe which was formerly used in marketing for McDonald's. Globalization (or globalisation) in its literal sense is the process of transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones McDonaldization (or McDonaldisation) is a term used by Sociologist George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society The Economist magazine uses the "Big Mac Index": the comparison of a Big Mac's cost in various world currencies can be used to informally judge these currencies' purchasing power parity. The Economist is an English-language weekly news and International affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London The Big Mac Index is an informal way of measuring the Purchasing power parity (PPP between two currencies and provides a test of the extent to which market Exchange The Big Mac is a hamburger sold by the international Fast-food chain McDonald's. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power.

The EFTA countries are leading the Big Mac Index with the top 3 most expensive Big Mac's. The European Free Trade Association ( EFTA) is a European Trade bloc which was established on 3 May 1960 as an alternative for European states who were either The Big Mac Index is an informal way of measuring the Purchasing power parity (PPP between two currencies and provides a test of the extent to which market Exchange The Big Mac is a hamburger sold by the international Fast-food chain McDonald's. Iceland has the most expensive Big Mac, followed by Norway and Switzerland. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( The Big Mac is a hamburger sold by the international Fast-food chain McDonald's. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation

The brand is known informally as "Mickey D's" (in the US and Canada), "Macky D's" (in the UK and Ireland), "Mäkkäri" (in Finland), "McDo" (in France, Quebec, the Philippines and the Kansai region of Japan), "Maccer's" (in Ireland), "Macarrannis" (in Mexico), "Maccas" (in New Zealand and Australia), "McD's" (in New Zealand), "Donken" (in Sweden), "de Mac" (in the Netherlands), Mäkkes (in Germany), "Mac" (in Brazil and the Kanto region of Japan) or "Mek" (in Serbia).

Thomas Friedman once said that no country with a McDonald's had gone to war with another. Thomas Lauren Friedman (born July 20, 1953) is an American journalist columnist and author ^[29] However, the "Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention" is not strictly true. This is a listing of countries with McDonald's franchises, followed by countries without any Careful historians point to the 1989 United States invasion of Panama, NATO's bombing of Serbia in 1999, and the 2006 Lebanon War as exceptions. The United States invasion of Panama, codenamed Operation Just Cause, was the Invasion of Panama by the United States in December 1989 The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 Background See also Israel-Lebanon conflict The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO had engaged in cross-border attacks from Southern Lebanon

Some observers have suggested that the company should be given credit for increasing the standard of service in markets that it enters. A group of anthropologists in a study entitled Golden Arches East (Stanford University Press, 1998, edited by James L. Watson) looked at the impact McDonald's had on East Asia, and Hong Kong in particular. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders When it opened in Hong Kong in 1975, McDonald's was the first restaurant to consistently offer clean restrooms, driving customers to demand the same of other restaurants and institutions. In East Asia in particular, McDonald's have become a symbol for the desire to embrace Western cultural norms. McDonald's have recently taken to partnering up with Sinopec, China's second largest oil company, in the People's Republic of China, as it begins to take advantage of China's growing use of personal vehicles by opening numerous drive-thru restaurants. Sinopec, or the China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (,) () is one of the major Petroleum companies in China. A drive-through, or drive-thru, is a type of service provided by a business that allows customers to purchase products without leaving their cars ^[30]

Global locations

See also

• Fast Food Nation, book by Eric Schlosser
• Maxime, McDuff & McDo, documentary film about the unionizing of a McDonald's in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Aruba is a -long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, north of the Paraguaná Peninsula, Falcón State, Venezuela For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. 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It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana is a Landlocked nation in Southern Africa. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. 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Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. 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Qatar ( قطر; ˈqɑtˁɑr local pronunciation giṭar officially the State of Qatar (Arabic دولة قطر transliterated Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa, is a country governing the western part of the Samoan Islands Archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean Saint Lucia (ˌseɪnt ˈluːʃɪə is an Island nation in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Singapore Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (ˈtrɪnɪdæd ən təˈbeɪgoʊ is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying northeast of the South American Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. 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American Samoa (Amerika Sāmoa or sm ''Sāmoa Amelika'' is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election Fast Food Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal (2001 is a book by Investigative journalist Eric Schlosser that examines the local and Eric Schlosser (born August 17, 1959) is an award-winning American journalist and Author known for investigative or Muckraking Maxime McDuff & McDo is a 2002 Documentary film by Magnus Isacsson that shows the attempt of unionizing a McDonald's restaurant in Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
• McDonaldization, term used by sociologist George Ritzer to describe the process by which a society takes on the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant. McDonaldization (or McDonaldisation) is a term used by Sociologist George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society George Ritzer (born 1940 is Distinguished University Professor at the University of Maryland College Park.
• McDonald's Video Game, a satirical game placing the player in the role of McDonald's management. The McDonald's Video Game is an online game created by the Italian company La Molleindustria.
• Don Gorske, a McDonald's enthusiast, has consumed over 20,000 Big Mac hamburgers. Don Gorske of Fond du Lac Wisconsin, is an American " Big Mac enthusiast" who has eaten over 23000 Big Mac Hamburgers in his lifetime winning He appeared on Super Size Me, is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records, and has a movie called MacDaddy.
• Super Size Me, a documentary by Morgan Spurlock. Super Size Me is a 2004 Documentary film written produced directed by and starring Morgan Spurlock, an American independent Morgan Spurlock (born November 7, 1970) is an American documentary Filmmaker, Television producer and Screenwriter
• Redbox
• Big Mac's Makeover: McDonald's Turned Around. Redbox rents DVDs via self-service or interactive kiosks located across the United States in locations such as McDonald's The Economist (2004-10-14). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Retrieved on 2008-04-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian

References

External links

• McDonald's
• McDonald's Canada
• Worlds Biggest McDonald's Photo Collection All kinds of storefronts of McDonald's restaurants in the world.
• McSpotlight, an "Anti-McDonald's extravaganza"
• alt.mcdonalds FAQ

Multimedia

• CBC Archives CBC Television reports on the opening of Moscow McDonald's (1990).