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A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater") is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state A dictator is an Authoritarian ruler (eg Absolutist or autocratic) who assumes sole and absolute power without hereditary ascension such as an Absolute President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State Chancellor or chancellour (archaic ( Latin: cancellarius) is an official Title used in countries whose civilization has arisen A premier is a title for the Head of government in some countries This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. A ministry is a specialised organisation responsible for a sector of Government Public administration, sometimes led by a minister, but usually a senior A minister or a secretary is a Politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional Government. A presidential system is a System of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term separately from the Legislature The semi-presidential system is a System of government in which a prime minister and a President are both active participants in the day-to-day administration A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which Cohabitation in government occurs in Semi-presidential systems such as France 's system when the President is from a different Political party The Westminster system is a democratic Parliamentary system of Government modelled after the British government (the Parliament of the United This is a list of current heads of state and government, showing heads of state and heads of government where different mainly in Parliamentary systems This is a list of the offices of Heads of state, Heads of government, cabinet, and Legislature, of sovereign states. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or
In many systems, the mayor is an elected politician who serves as chief executive and/or ceremonial official of many types of municipalities. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor, as well as the means by which a mayor is elected or otherwise mandated.
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History
The word derives from Latin major ("major", "greater") which developed like such terms as senior ("elder") to mean (in) chief.
In spite of its Latin etymology, "mayor" was not a Roman office, as Roman municipia were rather governed by collegial magistrates bearing various titles, such as "Consul" or various terms expressing their number (e. Etymology is the study of the History of Words &mdash when they entered a language from what source and how their form and meaning have changed over time Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Collegiality is the relationship between colleagues Definition of collegiality Colleagues are those explicitly united in a common Purpose and respecting Consul (abbrev cos; Latin plural consules) was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire g. duumvir, two), or even titles of pre-Roman local origin. A duumvirate is an alliance between two equally powerful political or military leaders
Among the nations which arose on the ruins of the Roman empire of the West, and which made use of the Latin spoken by their "Roman" subjects as their official and legal language, maior (and, in some contexts, the rarer Low-Latin feminine maiorissa) were found to be very convenient terms to describe important officials of both sexes who had the superintendence of others. Any female servant or slave in the household of a barbarian whose business was to oversee other female servants or slaves, would be quite naturally called a maiorissa.
The male or female officer who governed a king's household (and was often the de facto head of government) was the major domus, and tended to make his office hereditary. This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State At the courts of the various realms (resulting from dynastic divisions and unions) of the Frankish kings of the Merovingian line, the major domus, generally known as the "mayor of the palace", also variously known as the gubernator ('helmsman'; the root of Governor), rector (also a gubernatorial title), moderator (idem) or praefectus palatii, was so powerful that one of their number would evict his master and successfully reunite the realms which his heir Charlemagne would turn into the Holy Roman Empire. Mayor of the Palace was an early medieval Title and Office, also called Majordomo, from the Latin title Maior domus ("superior A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government The word rector ("ruler" from the Latin regere and Rector meaning "Teacher" In Latin has a number of different meanings but all of them indicate an academic A Roman governor was an official either elected or appointed to be the chief administrator of Roman law throughout one or more of the many provinces constituting the A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in
It came into use in the large entourages that followed the barbarian leaders who succeeded to the power of the Emperor of the West. "Barbarian" is a pejorative term for an uncivilized person either in a general reference to a member of a nation or Ethnos perceived The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC The male officer who governed a king's or duke's peripatetic household was the major domus, the "major domo". A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom Mayor of the Palace was an early medieval Title and Office, also called Majordomo, from the Latin title Maior domus ("superior In the households of the Merovingian Frankish kings, the major domus, or praefectus palatii ("prefect of the palace"), nominally a majordomo comparable to a British household's trusted butler, became the de facto head of government and even tended to become semi-hereditary, gaining such power (compare an oriental Vizier) that, in the person of Pippin of Herstal, he ended up evicting his master. The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group A majordomo is the highest ( major) person of a household ( domo) staff one who acts on behalf of the (often absent owner of a typically large residence A butler is a senior servant in a large Household. In the Great houses of the past the household was sometimes divided into departments with the butler This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State A Vizier ( - wazīr) (sometimes also spelled Vazir Vizir Vasir Wazir Vesir, or Vezir - grammatical vowel changes are common in many western Asian Pepin (also Pippin, Pipin, or Peppin) of Herstal (c 635 &ndash 16 December 714) was the Mayor of the Palace He was the "mayor of the palace".
Municipal mayoral types and titles
Anglo-Saxon mayors and counterparts
In England,the mayor is the modern descendant of the feudal lord's bailiff or reeve (see borough). A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice The chief magistrate of London bore the title of portreeve for considerably more than a century after the Conquest. Chief Magistrate is a generic designation for a public official whose office -- individual or collegial -- is the highest in his or her class in either of the fundamental meanings of This article refers to the political appointment portreeve; for the town in Canada see Portreeve. This official was elected by popular choice, a privilege secured from King John. By the beginning of the ninth century the title of portreeve gave way to that of mayor as the designation of the chief officer of London. The adoption of the title by other boroughs followed at various intervals.
In England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the USA a mayor is now the official head of a municipal government. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In the 19th century, in the United Kingdom, the Municipal Corporations Act 1882, section 15, regulated the election of mayors. The Municipal Corporations Act 1882 (45 & 46 Vict c50 replaced existing legislation governing Municipal boroughs in England and Wales, and gave the corporations He was to be a fit person elected annually on 9 November by the council of the borough from among the aldermen or councillors or persons qualified to be such. His term of office was one year, but he is eligible for re-election. He may appoint a deputy to act during illness or absence, and such deputy must be either an alderman or councillor. A mayor who was absent from the borough for more than two months becomes disqualified and vacates his office. A mayor was ex officio a justice of the peace for the borough during his year of office and the next year. He received such remuneration as the council thought reasonable. These provisions have now been repealed.
The office of mayor in most modern English boroughs and towns does not entail any important administrative duties. It is generally regarded as an honour conferred for local distinction, long service on the Council, or for past services. The mayor (who must be a serving elected councillor) is expected to devote much of his time to civic, ceremonial, and representational functions, and to preside over meetings which have for their object the advancement of the public welfare. A councillor or councilor ( Cllr, Coun, Clr or Cr for short is a member of a Local government council such as a His or her administrative duties are to act as returning officer at municipal elections, and as chairman of the meetings of the council. However, reforms recently introduced mean that 12 English boroughs now have directly-elected mayors who combine the 'civic' mayor role with that of Leader of the Council and have significantly greater powers than either. The Local Government Act 2000 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed Local government in England and Wales Directly elected mayors are local government leaders elected by the general electorate rather than by the local council
The mayor of a town council is officially known as town mayor (although in popular parlance, the word "town" is often dropped). A town council is a democratically elected form of government for small municipalities or Parishes A council may serve as both the representative and executive branch
Mayors are not appointed to District Councils which have not adopted the title of borough. A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice Their place is taken by the Chairperson of Council, who undertakes exactly the same functions and is, like a Mayor, the civic head of the district concerned.
Other counterparts
In Germany and the Netherlands (see below) the chief town magistrate is called burgomaster 'Chief of the Bürger viz. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Burgomaster (alternatively spelled Burgo[[meister]], literally translated meaning master of the town or master of the Fortress burgers/citoyens, i. e. Burgesses, citizens' (see that article G. Bürgermeister, Dutch burgemeester; Luxemburgish buergermeeschter; French-speaking parts of Belgium use bourgmestre). The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Luxembourgish (lb Lëtzebuergesch Luxembourgeois Luxemburgisch Luxemburgs Lussimbordjwès also called Luxembourgian, also spelled Luxemburgish, is one of The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those
The equivalent in Italy is sindaco (historical titles include podestà), in Greece δήμαρχος 'demarkhos' (the "archon of the deme"), in France Maire, in Argentina intendente, in Bohemia starosta, in Brazil prefeito 'prefect', in Romania primar and in Spain alcalde, a term derived from a Moorish post's Arabic name. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest For information on the phantom island of the same name see Podesta (island. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Archon (Gr ἄρχων pl ἄρχοντες is a Greek word that means "ruler" frequently used as the title of a specific public office Ancient Greece, a deme ( δῆμος) was a subdivision of Attica, the region of Greece surrounding Athens. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The title of intendant (intendant Spanish intendente) has been used in a number of countries through history Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: "make in front" i Public Responsibility in Medicine and Research (PRIM&R is a membership-based 501(c(3 Non-profit organization in the United Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent
In Canada municipal titles vary from province, but the highest official of a First Nation community holds the title of chief. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page First Nations is a term of Ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people In addition, provinces which have rural municipalities in place of counties refer to their head elected official as reeve, although some such municipalities are now changing the title to mayor as well.
In the early 20th century, and for the most still, the English method of selecting a mayor by the council was followed for the corresponding functionaries in France (except Paris) and the more important cities of Italy. Direct appointment by the central government exists in Belgium, The Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Sweden. As a rule, too, the term of office is longer in other countries than in the United Kingdom. In France election is for six years, in The Netherlands for six, in Belgium for an indefinite period. In France the maire, and a number of experienced members termed adjoint au maire 'mayoral adjunct', who assist him as an executive committee, are elected directly by the municipal council from among their own number. Most of the administrative work is left in the hands of the maire and his adjuncts, the full council meeting comparatively seldom. The adjuncts receive no salary.
In Finland, there are no mayors, although plans have been floated to institute the office in Tampere. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Tampere ( ˈtɑmpɛrɛ Swedish: Tammerfors or) is a city in southern Finland located between two lakes Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi The highest executive official is not democratically elected, but appointed to a public office by the city council, and is called simply kaupunginjohtaja "city manager" or kunnanjohtaja "municipal manager", depending on whether the municipality defines itself as a city. The term pormestari "mayor", from Swedish borgmästare "master of the castle" confusingly refers to the highest official in the registry office, not the city manager. In addition, pormestari is also a title, which may be given for distinguished service in the post of the city manager. The city manager of Helsinki is called ylipormestari, which translates to "Chief Mayor", for historical reasons. Furthermore, the term "city manager" may be seen translated as "mayor".
This is similar to Portugal, where the highest municipal authority is the presidente da Câmara Municipal, the 'president of the Municipal Chamber', appointed to his office by the city council. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula.
In Poland the chief executive of a town or city is called burmistrz or, in towns with more than 100,000 inhabitants or others which traditionally use the title, prezydent. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The equivalent title in a rural commune (gmina) is wójt. The gmina or Municipality (frequently translated commune) plural gminy, is the principal unit (lowest level of territorial division in Poland This article is about the title Vogt For the surname see Vogt (surname. These are all directly elected posts.
Australia
On Australian councils, the Mayor is generally the member of the Council who acts as ceremonial figurehead at official functions, as well as carrying the authority of Council between meetings. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Mayoral decisions made between meetings are subject to Council and may be confirmed or repealed if necessary. Mayors in Australia may be elected either directly through a ballot for the position of Mayor at a local-government election, or alternatively may be elected from within the Council at a meeting in September.
Mayors have the title of 'His/Her Worship' whilst holding the position.
In councils where Councillors are elected representing political parties, the Mayor is normally the leader of the party receiving the most seats on council. A councillor or councilor ( Cllr, Coun, Clr or Cr for short is a member of a Local government council such as a
Canada
The mayor is the leader in most Canadian municipalities. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page However, some Canadian provinces still use the term reeve for the elected head of a small village, a township or a rural municipality, performing a similar role to the mayor of a town or city. The term Township generally means the district or area associated with a town A rural municipality, often abbreviated RM, is a form of Municipality in the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, perhaps The town of Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario is the only municipality in Canada whose elected head holds the traditionally British title of Lord Mayor. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec
Mayors are styled 'His/Her Worship' while in office. [1]
The chief executives of boroughs (arrondissements) in Quebec are termed mayors. A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice An arrondissement is an Administrative division in some French or Dutch -speaking countries
Germany
In Germany local government is regulated by state statutes. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Nowadays only the burgomasters of the three city-states (Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen) are still elected by the respective city or community council. Burgomaster (alternatively spelled Burgo[[meister]], literally translated meaning master of the town or master of the Fortress Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Bremen (ˈbʁeːmən is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany (official name Stadtgemeinde Bremen / City Municipality of Bremen In all the other states the burgomasters are now elected directly by the EU citizens living in that area. Citizenship of the European Union was introduced by the Maastricht Treaty signed in 1992 The post of burgomaster may be said to be a professional one, the burgomaster being the head of the local government, and requiring, in order to be eligible, a training in administration. In big cities (details are regulated by state statutes) the official title is Oberbürgermeister (chief burgomaster). In these cities a "simple" burgomaster is just a deputy responsible for a distinct task (e. g. welfare or construction works). Big cities are usually kreisfrei ("free of district"). That means that the city council also has the powers and duties of a rural district council. The leader of a rural district council is called Landrat ("land counsellor"). In that case the chief burgomaster has also the duties and powers of a Landrat. The term Oberbürgermeister is not used in the three city-states (e. g. in Berlin Regierender Bürgermeister ("governing burgomaster") is used). Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.
Japan
Japan's Local-Autonomy Law of 1947 defines the structure of Japanese local governments, which were strengthened after World War II. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Local Autonomy Law (地方自治法 Chihō-jichi-hō) of Japan was passed as Law No World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including It gives strong executive power to the mayor in the local politics like strong mayors in large cities in the United States of America. The Mayor-Council government system sometimes called the Mayor-Commission government system is one of two variations of Government used for the most part in modern The titles that are translated as "mayor" by the governments are those of the heads of cities (市長 shichō?), towns (町長 chōchō?), villages (村長 sonchō?), and Tokyo's special wards (区長 kuchō?). |||} A is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as and, with the difference that they are not a component of. A town (町 chō or machi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. A is a local administrative unit in Japan. It is a local public body along with,, and. The are 23 municipalities that together make up the core and the most populous part of Tokyo, Japan. (The head of the Tokyo prefecture is the Governor (知事 Chiji?). officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. ) A mayor is elected every four years by direct popular votes held separately from the assembly. A mayor can be recalled by a popular initiative but the prefectural and the national governments cannot remove a mayor from office. A recall election is a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office The prefectures of Japan are the country's 47 sub-national Jurisdictions one "metropolis" (都 to) Tokyo; one " circuit Towards the assembly the mayor prepares budgets, proposes local acts and has vetoes on local acts just approved by the assembly which can be overridden by two-thirds assembly support. An Act of Parliament is a Law enacted as Primary legislation by a national or sub-national Parliament. A veto, Latin for "I forbid" is used to Denote that a certain party has the right to stop unilaterally a certain piece of Legislation. A mayor can resolve the assembly if the assembly passes a motion of no confidence or if the mayor thinks the assembly has no confidence in fact. A motion of no confidence (also vote of no confidence, censure motion, no-confidence motion, or confidence motion) is a Parliamentary motion
Moldova
The Mayor of the municipality in Moldova is elected for four years. In Balti, Vasile Panciuc (PCRM) is the incumbent from 2001 and was re-elected twice: in 2003 during the anticipated elections (as a result of a new reform of the administrative division in Moldova in 2003), and in 2007. In Chisinau, the last mayor elections had to be repeated three times, because of the low rate of participation. Chişinău (kiʃi'nəw (also known as Kishinev, Кишинёв Kishinyov) is the capital and largest city of Moldova. As a result, Dorin Chirtoaca (Liberal Party), won the last mayor elections in Chisinau. Chişinău (kiʃi'nəw (also known as Kishinev, Кишинёв Kishinyov) is the capital and largest city of Moldova.
Romania
The Mayor of the municipality in Romania is elected for four years. In Bucharest for example,Traian Basescu (The Alliance of Justice and Truth),the president of Romania was the Mayor of the muncipality from 2000 to 2004. Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Traian Băsescu (born November 4 1951) is a Romanian politician and former Merchant Navy officer
Netherlands
In the Netherlands, the mayor (in Dutch: burgemeester) is the leader of the municipal executive ('College van Burgemeester en Wethouders'). The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname In the Netherlands, burgermeesters are de facto appointed by the national cabinet, de jure by the monarch. The cabinet of the Netherlands is the main executive body of the Dutch government. The Netherlands has been an independent Monarchy since 16 March 1815, and has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau They preside both the municipal executive and the legislative ('gemeenteraad'). The title is sometimes translated as burgomaster, to emphasize the appointed, rather than elected, nature of the office. Burgomaster (alternatively spelled Burgo[[meister]], literally translated meaning master of the town or master of the Fortress The appointment procedure was recently brought for discussion. The appointment procedure is considered undemocratic. Alternatives are direct election of the mayor by the people or appointment by the gemeenteraad. A constitutional change to allow this failed to pass the Eerste Kamer in May 2005. The Eerste Kamer ( First Chamber) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament the States-General
Spain
"Alcalde", the Spanish term for the mayor of a town or city, is derived from Arabic El Qadi( قاضي )- i. Alcalde () or Alcalde ordinario, is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate who had both Judicial and administrative functions Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language e. "The Qadi", Muslim judge who often had administrative as well as judicial functions. Qadi (also known as Qazi or Kazi or Kadi) (قاضي is a judge ruling in accordance with the Sharia, Islamic religious law A judge, or justice, is an Official who presides over a Court of law This reflects the fact that, at least in the early parts of the reconquista, the Moorish cities in the Iberian Peninsula were far bigger and more sophisticated than the Christian ones. The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period As Spanish Christians took over an increasing part of territory, they adapted Moorish systems and terminology for their own use.
Taiwan
In the Republic of China in Taiwan the mayor is the head of a city's government and is completely distinct from the associated city's council, which is in charge of legislative affairs. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The mayor and city council are elected separately by the city's residents.
United States
In the United States, there are several distinct types of mayors, depending on the system of local government. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Under council-manager government, the mayor is a first among equals on the city council, analogous to a head of state for the city. In the council-manager form of government an elected city council (typically between five and 11 people is responsible for making Policy, passing Ordinances voting Appropriations Primus inter pares ( Latin) or First among equals is a phrase which indicates that a person is the most senior of a group of people A city council is a form of Local government, usually covering a City or other Urban area, such as a Town. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state He or she may chair the city council, but lacks any special legislative powers. The mayor and city council serve part-time, with day-to-day administration in the hands of a professional city manager. The system is most common among medium sized cities from around 25,000 to several hundred thousand, usually rural and suburban municipalities.
In the second form, known as mayor-council government, the mayoralty and city council are separate offices. The Mayor-Council government system sometimes called the Mayor-Commission government system is one of two variations of Government used for the most part in modern Under a strong mayor system, the mayor acts as an elected executive with the city council functioning with legislative powers. She or he may select a chief administrative officer to oversee the different departments. A chief administrative officer ( CAO) is responsible for administrative management of private public or governmental corporations This is the system used in most of the United States' large cities, primarily because mayors serve full time and have a wide range of services that they oversee. In a weak mayor or ceremonial mayor system, the mayor has appointing power for department heads but is subject to checks by the city council, sharing both executive and legislative duties with the council. This is common for smaller cities, especially in New England. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the Charlotte, North Carolina and Minneapolis, Minnesota are two notable large cities with a ceremonial mayor.
Many American mayors are styled “His/Her Honor” while in office, sometimes corrupted in jest to “Hizzoner,” especially in the tabloid press.
Multi-tier local government
In several countries, where there is not local autonomy, mayors are often appointed by some branch of the federal or regional government. Autonomy ( Greek: Auto- Nomos - nomos meaning "law" one who gives oneself his/her own Law) is the right to Self-government In some cities, subdivisions such as boroughs may have their own mayors; this is the case, for example, with the arrondissements of Paris, Montreal, and Mexico City. A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice An arrondissement is an Administrative division in some French or Dutch -speaking countries Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico In Belgium, the capital, Brussels, is administratively one of the federation's three regions, and is the only city subdivided, without the other regions' provincial level, into 19 rather small municipalities, which each have an elected--formally appointed--Burgomaster (i. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is e. Mayor, responsible to his / her elected council); while Antwerp, the other major metropolitan area, has one large city (where the boroughs, former municipalities merged into it, elect a lower level, albeit with very limited competence) and several smaller surrounding municipalities, each under a normal Burgomaster as in Brussels. ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the
In the People's Republic of China, the Mayor (市長) may be the administrative head of any municipality, be it provincial-, prefectural, or county-level. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Mayor is usually the most recognized official in cities, although the position is the second-highest ranking official in charge after the local Communist Party Secretary. In principle, the Mayor (who also serves as the Deputy Communist Party Secretary of the city) is responsible for managing the city administration while the Communist Party Secretary is responsible for general policy and managing the party bureaucracy, but in practice the roles blur, frequently causing conflict.
Sources and references
(incomplete)
- A. Shaw, Municipal Government in Continental Europe
- J - A. Fairlie, Municipal Administration
- S. and B. Webb, English Local Government
- Redlich and Hirst, Local Government in England
- A. L. Lowell, The Government of England.
See also
- Lists of mayors by country
- List of the youngest mayors in the United States
- City and town halls
- Council-manager government
- Mayor-council government
- World Mayor
- Burgomaster
Dictionary
mayor
-noun
- The leader of a city, or a municipality, sometimes just a figurehead and sometimes a powerful position. In some countries, the mayor is elected by the citizens or by the city council.
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