Citizendia
Your Ad Here

For other uses, see Mayflower (disambiguation).
Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)
Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)

The Mayflower was the famous ship that transported the English Separatists, better known as the Pilgrims, from Southampton, England, to Plymouth, Massachusetts (which would become the capital of Plymouth Colony), in 1620. A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size Pilgrims, or Pilgrim Fathers (or Pilgrim Mothers) is a name commonly applied to the early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Plymouth Colony (sometimes New Plymouth or The Old Colony) was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 until 1691 [1] The vessel left England on September 6, and after a gruelling 66-day journey marked by disease, the ship dropped anchor inside the hook tip of Cape Cod (Provincetown Harbor) on November 11 (dates in Old Style, Julian Calendar; according to the New Style Gregorian Calendar, the corresponding dates are September 16 and November 21). Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Cape Cod (or simply the Cape to most New Englanders is a Peninsula nearly coextensive with Barnstable County Massachusetts and forming the easternmost Provincetown Harbor is a large Natural harbor located off of the town of Provincetown, Massachusetts. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. [1] The Mayflower originally was destined for the mouth of the Hudson River, near present-day New York City, at the northern edge of England's Virginia colony, which itself was established with the 1607 Jamestown Settlement. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami The James Settlement was the first permanent English settlement in North America. [2] However, the Mayflower went off course as the winter approached, and remained in Cape Cod Bay (mapped in 1602 by Gosnold). Bartholomew Gosnold (1572&ndash August 22, 1607) was an English lawyer explorer and Privateer, instrumental in founding the Virginia

On March 21, 1621, all surviving passengers, who had inhabited the ship during the winter, moved ashore at Plymouth, and on April 5, the Mayflower, a privately commissioned vessel, returned to England (details below). Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop [1]

In 1623, a year after the death of captain Christopher Jones, the Mayflower was most likely dismantled for scrap lumber in Rotherhithe, London. Christopher Jones (c1570 - March 1622 was master of the Mayflower between at least 1609 and 1622 and captained it on the transatlantic voyage that established the Rotherhithe is a district of central south-east London in the London Borough of Southwark. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. [3]

Mayflower arrived inside the tip of Cape Cod fishhook, 11 November 1620
Mayflower arrived inside the tip of Cape Cod fishhook, 11 November 1620

Contents

Ship

The Mayflower was used primarily as a cargo ship, involved in active trade of goods (often wine) between England and other European countries,[1] [4] (principally France, but also Norway, Germany, and Spain). Cape Cod (or simply the Cape to most New Englanders is a Peninsula nearly coextensive with Barnstable County Massachusetts and forming the easternmost Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. At least between 1609 and 1622, it was mastered by Christopher Jones, who would command the ship on the famous transatlantic voyage, and based in Rotherhithe, London, England. Christopher Jones (c1570 - March 1622 was master of the Mayflower between at least 1609 and 1622 and captained it on the transatlantic voyage that established the Rotherhithe is a district of central south-east London in the London Borough of Southwark. [1] After the famous voyage of the Mayflower, the ship returned to England, likely dismantled for scrap lumber in Rotherhithe in 1623, only a year after Jones's death in March 1622. The Mayflower Barn, just outside the Quaker village of Jordans, in Buckinghamshire, England, is said to be built from these timbers. The Mayflower Barn is situated on the edge of the Chiltern hills in the South Buckinghamshire countryside about midway between London and Oxford is the small village (and associated Jordans is a Village located in Chalfont St Giles Parish in Buckinghamshire, England. Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England.

Details of the ship's dimensions are unknown; but estimates based on its load weight and the typical size of 180-ton merchant ships of its day suggest an estimated length of 90–110 feet (27. Tonnage is a measure of the size or Cargo capacity of a Ship. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit 4–33. 5 m) and a width of about 25 feet (7. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International 6 m). The ship was manned by a crew of 25-30. [4]

Replica

Careful research went into designing a replica, the Mayflower II (launched September 22, 1956), to resemble its namesake as closely as possible. The Mayflower II is a replica of the 17th century ship Mayflower, celebrated for transporting the Pilgrims to the New World. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This vessel is now part of the Plimoth Plantation living museum, near Plymouth, Massachusetts. Plimoth Plantation is a Living museum in Plymouth, Massachusetts that reconstructs the original settlement of the Plymouth Colony established An open air museum is a distinct type of Museum exhibiting its collections out-of-doors

Pilgrims' voyage

The Mayflower Memorial in Southampton.
The Mayflower Memorial in Southampton. Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England

Initially, the plan was for the voyage to be made in two vessels, the other being the smaller Speedwell. The Speedwell was a 60-ton Ship, the smaller of the two ships (along with Mayflower) intended to carry the Pilgrim Fathers to The first voyage of the ships departed Southampton, England,[5] on August 5, 1620, but the Speedwell developed a leak, and had to be refitted at Dartmouth. Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Dartmouth is a town in Devon in the south-west of England. It is a Tourist destination set on the banks of the estuary of the River Dart

On the second attempt, the ships reached the Atlantic Ocean but again were forced to return to Plymouth because of the Speedwell's leak. Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London.

It would later be revealed that there was in fact nothing wrong with the Speedwell. The crew had sabotaged it in order to escape the year-long commitment of their contract. Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening an enemy oppressor or employer through subversion obstruction disruption and/or destruction

After reorganisation, the final sixty-six day voyage was made by the Mayflower alone, leaving from a site near to the Mayflower Steps in Plymouth, England on September 6. The Mayflower Steps are believed to be close to the site in the Barbican area of Plymouth, south-west England, from which the Pilgrim Fathers Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started [5] With 102 passengers plus crew, each family was allotted a very confined amount of space for personal belongings.

The ship probably had a crew of twenty-five to thirty, along with other hired personnel; however, only the names of five are known, including John Alden. John Alden (1599&ndash September 22 1689) was a tradesman who emigrated to America in 1620 with the Pilgrims on the Mayflower and [2] William Bradford, who penned our only account of the Mayflower voyage, wrote that John Alden (archaic spellings) "was hired for a cooper [barrel-maker], at South-Hampton, where the ship victuled; and being a hopefull yong man, was much desired, but left to his owne liking to go or stay when he came here; but he stayed, and maryed here. Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** "[6]

The intended destination was an area near the Hudson River, in "North Virginia". The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami The Virginia Company refers collectively to a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I in 1606 with the purposes of establishing However the ship was forced far off-course by inclement weather and drifted well north of the intended Virginia settlement. As a result of the delay, the settlers did not arrive in Cape Cod till the onset of a harsh New England winter. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the The settlers ultimately failed to reach Virginia where they had already obtained permission from the London Company to settle. The London Company (also called the Charter of the Virginia Company of London) was an English Joint stock company established by royal charter by

To establish legal order and to quell increasing strife within the ranks, the settlers wrote and signed the Mayflower Compact after the ship dropped anchor at the tip of Cape Cod on November 11, in what is now Provincetown Harbor. The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Provincetown Harbor is a large Natural harbor located off of the town of Provincetown, Massachusetts. [1]

The settlers, upon initially setting anchor, explored the snow-covered area and discovered an empty Native American village. The curious settlers dug up some artificially-made mounds, some of which stored corn while others were burial sites. The settlers stole the corn and looted and desecrated the graves,[7] sparking friction with the locals. [8] They moved down the coast to what is now Eastham, and explored the area of Cape Cod for several weeks, looting and stealing as they went. They decided to relocate to Plymouth after a difficult encounter with the local native Americans, the Nausets, at First Encounter Beach, in December of 1620. The Nauset tribe sometimes referred to as the Cape Cod Indians lived in what is present-day Cape Cod Massachusetts living east of Bass River and lands occupied by their closely

During the winter the passengers remained on board the 'Mayflower', suffering an outbreak of a contagious disease described as a mixture of scurvy, pneumonia and tuberculosis. Scurvy (NLat scorbutus is a disease resulting from a deficiency of Vitamin C, which is required for the synthesis of Collagen in humans Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common [1] When it ended, there were only 53 persons still alive, half of the passengers and half of the crew. [1] In spring, they built huts ashore, and on March 21, 1621, the surviving passengers left the Mayflower. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. [1]

On April 5, 1621, the Mayflower set sail from Plymouth to return to England,[1] where she arrived on May 6, 1621. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. [9]

Passengers

The 102 passengers on the Mayflower were the earliest permanent European settlers in New England. (The Jamestown settlement was the first English settlement in what would become the United States. The James Settlement was the first permanent English settlement in North America. ) Some of their descendants have taken great interest in tracing their ancestry back to one or more of these Pilgrims. (See The Society of Mayflower Descendants and the "List of passengers on the Mayflower" for a complete accounting. The Society of Mayflower Descendants is a hereditary organization of individuals who have documented their descent from one or more of the 102 passengers who arrived on the This is a list of the 104 passengers onboard the Mayflower during its trans-Atlantic voyage of September 6 - November 9, 1620 See also "List of Mayflower passengers who died in the winter of 1620–1621". ) Throughout the winter, the passengers spent time ashore preparing home sites and searching for food but partly remained based aboard the Mayflower. Only about half of the settlers would still be alive when the Mayflower left in the spring. Governor Bradford noted that about half the sailors died as well. [1]

Second Mayflower

A second ship called the Mayflower made a voyage from London to Plymouth Colony in 1629 carrying thirty-five passengers, many from Leiden. This was not the same ship that made the original voyage with the first settlers. This voyage began in May and reached Plymouth in August. This ship also made the crossing from England to America in 1630, 1633, 1634, and 1639. It attempted the trip again in 1641, departing London in October of that year, John Cole, master, with 140 passengers for Virginia, but it never arrived. On October 18, 1642 a deposition was made in England regarding the accident. [10]

Mayflower II

Main article: Mayflower II

After World War II, an effort began to reenact the voyage of the Mayflower. The Mayflower II is a replica of the 17th century ship Mayflower, celebrated for transporting the Pilgrims to the New World. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including With cooperation between Project Mayflower and Plimoth Plantation, an accurate replica of the original (designed by naval architect William A. Baker) was launched in 1956 from Devon, England, and set sail in the spring of 1957. Plimoth Plantation is a Living museum in Plymouth, Massachusetts that reconstructs the original settlement of the Plymouth Colony established William Avery Baker (born in New Britain Connecticut on 21 October 1911 - died 9 September 1981 was a distinguished naval architect of replica historic ships and Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name Captained by Alan Villiers, the voyage ended in Plymouth Harbor after 55 days on June 13, 1957 to great acclaim. Captain Alan John Villiers (23 September 1903 – 3 March 1982 was an author adventurer photographer and Master Mariner. Plymouth Harbor is the name of a Harbor located in Plymouth Massachusetts, a town in the South Shore region of the state

Mayflower II masts in the fog
Mayflower II masts in the fog

The ship is moored to this day at State Pier in Plymouth, and is open to visitors. The Mayflower II is a replica of the 17th century ship Mayflower, celebrated for transporting the Pilgrims to the New World. [11]

Popular culture

The Mayflower voyage and the ship became famous as an icon of a perilous one-way trip to a new life, with many things named for it:

Many Americans believe themselves to be descended from Mayflower passengers, e. g. that somebody's ancestors go "all the way back to the Mayflower". [12]

While the Mayflower brought one early settlement, it can be compared to other settlements in North America:

However, with the Mayflower voyage in 1620, more emphasis is placed on the so-called "First Thanksgiving" and the peaceful co-existence with the native Wampanoag tribe, as issues of civilized culture, among the 13 original colonies of the U. Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American Holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. S.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "The Pilgrim-Fathers’ Voyage with the 'Mayflower'" (history), Bjoern Moritz, 2003, ShipsOnStamps. org webpage: SoS-Pilgrim: states, "The 'Mayflower' was employed bringing wine from the Mediterranean to England and outward bound, she carried furs and bales of cloth to France" and "anchored off today's Provincetown in the Bay of Cape Cod" and "December 15 the 'Mayflower' sailed to this place. . . called Plymouth" and "throughout the winter the passengers remained on board" and "contagious disease. . . mixture of scurvy, pneumonia & tuberculosis" and "53 persons still alive, half of the Pilgrims, half of the crew" and "March 21, 1621, the surviving passengers left the 'Mayflower'" and "on April 5 Captain Jones sailed back to England with an empty ship" and "November 11, 1621, the ship 'Fortune' arrived. . . with 35 settlers. "
  2. ^ Bradford (original destination: Hudson River), webpage: GTC-Brad. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami
  3. ^ Mayflower Ship Facts. Retrieved on 2007-04-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy.
  4. ^ a b "The Mayflower's Crew" (biographies), MayflowerHistory. com, 2007, webpage: [1].
  5. ^ a b "Press Kit - Mayflower II" (with history of the Mayflower), Plimouth Plantation Museum, 2004, Plimouth. org webpage: PlimouthOrg-MayflowerBG
  6. ^ "JOHN ALDEN" (history), Pilgrim Hall Museum, 1998-07-14, PilgrimHall. org webpage: PilgrimHall-Alden-John: was "hired for a cooper" at Southampton, England. Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England
  7. ^ Nathaniel Philbrick, author of Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community and War
  8. ^ Winslow, Edward; William Bradford (1622). A Relation or Journal of the Beginning and Proceeding of the English Plantation Settled at Plymouth. London, England: John Bellamie, 8-10.  
  9. ^ "Saga Of The Pilgrims" (historical analysis), John Harris, Globe Newspaper Co. , 1983, webpages (no links between): UCcom-saga1 and UCcom-saga11: states, "Mayflower reached London in roughly a month, May 6, a quick passage. "
  10. ^ Pierson, Richard E. ; Pierson, Jennifer [1997]. Pierson Millennium (in English). Bowie, MD, USA: Heritage Books, Inc. . ISBN 0-7884-0742-2.  
  11. ^ Mayflower II Background Information
  12. ^ "Stories in our December 2001 issue include" (on genealogy research), Family Tree Magazine, 2001, FamilyTreeMagazine. Genealogy (from Greek: el γενεά el-Latn genea, "descent" and el λόγος el-Latn logos, "knowledge" is the study of com webpage: FamilyTree-Dec2001: contains expression in "Whether your New England roots go back to the Mayflower. "
  13. ^ "Virginia Records Timeline 1553-1743" (history), The Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress, American Memories, webpage: LOC-TJPapers: in August 1619, the first African slaves were brought to Virginia by Captain Jope in a Dutch ship. The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Governor Yeardley and the merchant Abraham Piersey exchanged twenty slaves for supplies; however, these Africans became indentured servants, like white men, trading passage for servitude. An indentured servant is a form of Debt bondage worker The Laborer is under Contract of an Employer for some period of time usually three to
  14. ^ "Guaynabo -- Encyclopædia Britannica" (with history of Puerto Rico), Encyclopædia Britannica, 2006, Britannica. Guaynabo (pronounced as ˌɡwaiˈnabo also known as Guaynabo City or GC is a municipality in the northern part of Puerto Rico, located Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc com webpage: EB-Guaynabo-Puerto-Rico: names: Caparra, the first Spanish settlement of Puerto Rico (1508). San Juan (saŋ hwaŋ (from the Spanish San Juan Bautista, " Saint John the Baptist " is the Capital and largest municipality in

See also

External links

Dictionary

mayflower

-noun

  1. Either of several plants that flower in May - especially the hawthorn (in Britain) and the trailing arbutus (in the US)

Mayflower

-proper noun

  1. (nautical) A historical ship that transported the Pilgrims to America in the year 1620
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic