Mayapan (Màayapáan in Modern Maya), (in Spanish Mayapán) is a Pre-Columbian Maya site in the state of Yucatán, Mexico, about 40 km south-east of Mérida and 100 km west of Chichen Itza. Chaac (also rendered as Chaak or Chac) is the originally Yucatec name of the Maya rain deity Yucatec Maya ("Maaya T'aan" in the revised Orthography of the Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala) is a Mayan language spoken in The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences The Maya civilization is a Mesoamerican Civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the Pre-Columbian Americas Yucatán is one of the 31 states of Mexico, located on the north of the Yucatán Peninsula. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Mérida ( Tiho' in Modern Maya) is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Yucatán and the Yucatan Peninsula. Chichen Itza (tʃiːˈtʃɛn iːˈtsɑː from Chi'ch'èen Ìitsha' "At the mouth of the well of the Itza " is a Mayapan was the political capital of the Maya in the Yucatan Peninsula from about the late 1220s until 1440s.
In 1221 the Maya revolted against the Maya-Toltec lords of Chichen Itza. Chichen Itza (tʃiːˈtʃɛn iːˈtsɑː from Chi'ch'èen Ìitsha' "At the mouth of the well of the Itza " is a After a short civil war the lords of various powerful cities and families met to restore a central government to Yucatan. It was decided to build a new capital city near the town of Telchaquillo, hometown of Hunac Ceel, the general who defeated the rulers of Chichen Itza. Hunac Ceel (fl late 12th and early 13th centuries was a Mayan general from Telchaquillo who conquered Chichen Itzá and founded the Cocom This new city was built within a defensive wall and named "Mayapan", meaning "Standard of the Maya people". See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors The chief of the Cocom family, a rich and ancient family that had taken part in the revolt against Chichen, was chosen to be king, but all the other noble families and regional lords were to send members of their families to Mayapan to play parts in the government. This arrangement lasted for over 200 years. (An alternative account is given in a Maya chronicle from the Colonial era which claims that Mayapan was contemporary with Chichen and Uxmal and in alliance with those cities, but archeological evidence shows this version to be less likely. Uxmal ( Yucatec Maya: Óoxmáal is a large Pre-Columbian ruined city of the Maya civilization in the state of Yucatán, Mexico. ) In 1441 Ah Xupan of the powerful noble family of Xiu became resentful of the political machinations of the Cocom rulers and organized a revolt. At the end of this most of the Cocom family were killed, Mayapan was sacked, burned, and abandoned, and Yucatan fell apart into warring city states.
Today the site of Mayapan is far from one of the more impressive Maya sites. This is in part because at the end of the revolt the roofs of every building in the city were burned or torn down. In a larger part, however, it is because monumental architecture on the scale of Chichen Itza or Uxmal was simply never attempted at Mayapan. One central pyramid is a smaller version of the "Castillo" at Chichen Itza, there were a few other moderately sized temples and a palace (of which only the foundations exist); otherwise Mayapan had little public architecture. Most of the 4 km square walled city was packed with some 3500 residential buildings; Mayapan is estimated to have housed some 11,000 to 15,000 people.
Five years of archeological investigations at Mayapan were conducted by the Carnegie Institution in the 1950s. The Carnegie Institution for Science (also called the Carnegie Institution of Washington (CIW) is a organization in the United States established to support Scientific The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive In 2001 further investigations at the site were made under the direction of Grinnell College. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Grinnell College is a private liberal arts college in
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