| History of Argentina |
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| Pre-Columbian |
| Indigenous peoples |
| Spanish rule |
| Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata British invasions |
| An independent nation |
| May Revolution War of Independence Congress of Tucumán |
| Building a nation |
| 1853 Constitution Conquest of the Desert Generation of '80 Immigration |
| Age of the Peróns |
| Juan Perón Eva Perón Eva Perón Foundation Partido Feminista Evita Perón's European Rainbow Tour |
| Military government |
| Dirty War Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas) |
| Democracy and crisis |
| Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo Trial of the Juntas Carapintadas The Argentinazo |
| Present-day Argentina |
| History by topic |
| Military Nationality |
| Timeline |
The May Revolution (in Spanish: Revolución de Mayo) was a series of political and social events in the nineteenth century city of Buenos Aires which installed the first local government not designated by the Spanish Crown in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, which at the time contained the present-day nations of Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. This article is about the History of Argentina. See also History of South America, History of Latin America, History of the Americas, and The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata was the last and most shortlived Viceroyalty created by Spain in 1776 The British invasions of the Río de la Plata (Invasiones Inglesas del Río de la Plata were a series of unsuccessful British attempts to seize control of the Spanish The Argentine War of Independence was fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentine forces under Manuel Belgrano and José de San Martín against royalist forces loyal The Congress of Tucumán was the representative assembly of the United Provinces of the River Plate formed in 1816 initially meeting in Tucumán. The Argentine Constitution of 1853 was the first constitution of Argentina, approved with the support of the governments of the provinces &mdashthough The Conquest of the Desert (Conquista del desierto was a military campaign directed mainly by General Julio Argentino Roca in the 1870s which established Argentine dominance The Generation of '80 ( Spanish: Generación del '80) was the governing elite in Argentina from 1880 to 1916 The original inhabitants of Argentina were descendants of Asian peoples that crossed the Bering Land Bridge into North America and then over thousands Juan Domingo Perón (October 8 1895 &ndash July 1 1974 was an Argentine Colonel and Politician, elected three times as President of Argentina María Eva Duarte de Perón' ( May 7 1919 &ndash July 26 1952) was the second wife of President Juan Domingo Perón The Eva Perón Foundation was a charitable foundation begun by Eva Perón, a prominent Argentine political leader, when she was the First Lady and The Female Peronist Party, also known as the Feminist Peronist Party and the Peronist Feminist Party was the women's branch of the Peronist Justicialist María Eva Duarte de Perón' ( May 7 1919 &ndash July 26 1952) was the second wife of President Juan Domingo Perón The General Confederation of Labour ( Confederación General del Trabajo de la República Argentina, CGT is a national trade union center of Argentina founded The National Reorganization Process (in Spanish, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, often simply El Proceso) was the name used by its leaders This article refers to the Argentine Dirty War for the British film of the same name see Dirty War (film. The Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur also called the Falklands Conflict/Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo (Asociación Madres de Plaza de Mayo is an association of Argentine Mothers whose children " disappeared quot during The Trial of the Juntas (Spanish Juicio a las Juntas) was the judicial trial of the members of the de facto military government that ruled Argentina The es Carapintadas (Painted Faces were a group of mutineers in the Argentine Army, who took part in uprisings during the presidency of Raúl Alfonsín The December 2001 riots were a period of civil unrest and rioting in Argentina, which took place during December 2001, with the most violent incidents For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. June 1806 '''1st British Invasion of the Rio del la Plata'''. Ideas and practices of nationality and citizenship in the Republic of Argentina (and before that in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and the Inca Empire This is a timeline of Argentine history. To read about the background to these events see History of Argentina. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata was the last and most shortlived Viceroyalty created by Spain in 1776 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America Although the Revolution took place only in Buenos Aires, one of the consequences was that the head of the Viceroyalty, Viceroy Cisneros, was ousted from office. Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros de la Torre (1758&ndash1829 was a Spanish naval officer born in Cartagena. Involved in these acts were mostly middle-high to high-class inhabitants of Buenos Aires (most native Spanish ex-patriates or residents of Spanish descent). Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. There was no great violence involved; the term "revolution" has been loosely applied by Argentine tradition to highlight the changing of their governmental system and distinguish the undisputed fact that after the May Revolution, Buenos Aires itself was no longer subservient to decisions taken by Spain in their name. The word tradition comes from the Latin traditionem acc of traditio which means "a giving up delivering up surrendering" and is used in a number of
Contents |
Prelude
On May 13, 1810, the arrival of a British frigate in Montevideo confirmed the rumors circulating in Buenos Aires: southern Spain had been overrun by French troops, and forced the government to take refuge in the island city of Cádiz, which might fall at any moment. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands For the bird see Frigatebird. A frigate /ˈfrɪgɪt/ is a warship Montevideo (monteβi'ðeo is the largest city the capital and chief port of Uruguay. (See the Siege of Cádiz. The siege of Cádiz was a siege of the large Spanish naval base by the French army from 5 February 1810 to 24 August 1812 ) Because of this, the Supreme Central Junta of Spain—the remaining monoarchy-wide authority in Spain after Napoleon removed Ferdinand VII from the throne—dissolved itself into a five-person Regency, and the Cádiz Cortes were months away from meeting. In the Napoleonic Era, junta was the name chosen by several local administrations forming in Spain during the Peninsular War as a patriotic alternative Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Early life In his youth he occupied the painful position of an heir apparent who was jealously excluded from all share in government by his parents and the royal favorite The Cádiz Cortes were sessions of the national legislative body (traditionally known in Spain as the ''Cortes'') which met in the safe haven of Cádiz The situation was clear: without a clear authority on the peninsula, the authority of the viceroy was gone and there was a power vacuum
Friday, May 18
Viceroy Cisneros attempted to conceal the news from Spain; however, the rumor had already spread throughout the whole city. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. He decided then to give his own version of the facts through a proclamation, while trying to calm down the criollos ("Creoles"). Criollo is a term that dates back to the Spanish colonial Casta system ( Caste system) of Latin America He asked for allegiance to King Ferdinand, but popular unrest continued to intensify.
Not fooled by the Viceroy's story, some criollos decided to meet at the houses of Nicolás Rodríguez Peña and Hipólito Vieytes. During these secret sessions they decided to name a representative commission to ask Cisneros for a Cabildo Abierto (open town hall meeting), an unprecedented move. For a discussion of the contemporary Spanish and Latin American cabildo see Ayuntamiento. There they intended to decide the future of the Viceroy.
Saturday, May 19
Viceroy Cisneros received Juan José Castelli and Martín Rodríguez, and they presented the petition. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Juan José Castelli ( July 19, 1764 &ndash October 12, 1812) was an Argentine politician who participated in the 1810 May Revolution Martín Rodríguez ( Buenos Aires; 1771 &ndash Montevideo; 1845 was an Argentine politician and soldier They urged him to set the meeting for the next day, but the Viceroy would not decide: he thought that a Cabildo Abierto would not be in his favor. He decided that he needed more time, and called the leaders of the military to his gubernatorial residence, el Fuerte ("the fort"), to find out whether they would support him.
Sunday, May 20
The military leaders arrived at el Fuerte in the late hours of the afternoon. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Creole Cornelio Saavedra, chief of the Patricios Regiment was in attendance. This article is about the Argentine military man for his Chilean grandson see Cornelio Saavedra Rodríguez. When the Viceroy asked for his support, Saavedra replied that he should resign, as the Junta which had appointed him no longer existed. The only one to defend Cisneros's position was Julián de Leiva, the prosecutor of the Cabildo. The Buenos Aires Cabildo ( Cabildo de Buenos Aires) is the public building in Buenos Aires that was used as the government house during the colonial times
Monday, May 21
At nine o'clock, business at the Cabildo began as usual, but was interrupted by armed men and women which occupied la Plaza de la Victoria (known today as la Plaza de Mayo). Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Plaza_de_la_Victoriapng|thumb|225px|1867 view of the Plaza de la Victoria They demanded a Cabildo Abierto and the removal of the Viceroy. Amongst the agitators Domingo French and Antonio Beruti distinguished themselves. Domingo French ( November 21, 1774 - June 4, 1825) was an Argentine revolutionary who took part in the May Revolution and Antonio Luis Beruti ( 1772 - September 24, 1841) was an Argentine revolutionary who participated in the May Revolution that started Viceroy Cisneros finally signed an authorization for the assembly to be held the following day.
Tuesday, May 22
The Cabildo Abierto began at noon at the Buenos Aires Cabildo. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. The Buenos Aires Cabildo ( Cabildo de Buenos Aires) is the public building in Buenos Aires that was used as the government house during the colonial times Six-hundred invitations had been printed, only four-hundred and fifty of which were delivered. The list of individuals invited had been drawn up by the Cabildo, taking into account the most prominent citizens of the city. Many did not attend out of fear and uncertainty, which led to a final attendance of two-hundred and fifty-one. The debate lasted four hours, and was interrupted by moments of great disorder. There were two opposing viewpoints: the archbishop of Buenos Aires, Benito de Lué cautioned against abrupt change, and Juan José Castelli maintained that the American population should assume their own fates until Ferdinand VII Bourbon could retake the Spanish throne. In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead Juan José Castelli ( July 19, 1764 &ndash October 12, 1812) was an Argentine politician who participated in the 1810 May Revolution The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America
Wednesday, May 23
After the speeches of the previous day, the Cabildo met again to vote for the continuation of the Viceroy (alone or in company) or for his removal. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne The outcome of the vote was sixty-nine "for" and one-hundred and fifty-five "against", dictating that Cisneros should be removed from the viceroyalty.
Ultimately, Saavedra's proposal prevailed and a Junta was created. Leiva nominated Cisneros as the Junta's president, and with that aim presented a list of future members. President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Saavedra and Manuel Belgrano, who were on the list, were present at the Cabildo and rejected Leiva's proposal. Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano, usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano ( June 3, 1770 &ndash June 20, 1820 They insisted on the Viceroy's total removal from government.
Thursday, May 24
With all gathered at the Cabildo, the formation of a Junta consisting of four Creoles plus the ex-Viceroy as president was once again proposed. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Such a Junta would be maintained until the arrival of deputies from the rest of the Viceroyalty. The Junta consisted of Cisneros, Saavedra, Juan N. Sola, Juan José Castelli and José Santos de Incháurregui. Juan José Castelli ( July 19, 1764 &ndash October 12, 1812) was an Argentine politician who participated in the 1810 May Revolution The Cabildo approved the Junta but the news was concealed from the public until the military could voice its opinion. An opinion is a Person 's Ideas and thoughts towards something which it is either impossible to verify the truth of or the truth of which is thought unimportant to The military chiefs were summoned and swore allegiance by three o'clock PM. An allegiance is a duty of fidelity said to be owed by a subject or a Citizen to his/her state or sovereign. When news spread of the new Junta, public discontent arose. They proclaimed, "lo de Cisneros presidente de la Junta es igual a Cisneros virrey" ("Cisneros as the Junta's president is the same as Cisneros as viceroy"). With tensions among the populace rising, Saavedra and Castelli relinquished membership in the Junta. At 8:00 p. m. , the revolutionaries met at Rodríguez Peña's house, and sent emissaries to persuade all members to quit.
Friday, May 25
In the morning, the collective Cabildo Abierto was prepared to reject the resignations, holding that the Junta had no faculties to relinquish a power that had been endorsed by the population. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. But two things precipitated the crisis: Saavedra's Patricios Regiment no longer supported Cisneros, and pressure from the populace remained strong.
The Cabildo had no choice but to ask Cisneros for his resignation, and dissolved the Junta which he had presided over. Patriots took advantage of the situation and asserted the need for a local authority. Thus, la Primera Junta de Gobierno ("the First Junta") was created. The Primera Junta or First Assembly is the name given by history to the first government that appeared in Argentina after the May Revolution.
Contemporaneously, el Día de la Revolución de Mayo (May Revolution Day) on May 25 is an annual holiday in Argentina to commemorate these significant events in the history of Argentina. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. National public Holidays of Argentina. Other Observances Teacher's Day ( Día del Maestro) on September This article is about the History of Argentina. See also History of South America, History of Latin America, History of the Americas, and This and the other events of the week leading up to that day are referred to as la Semana de Mayo (May Week).
See also
Notes
This article was based largely upon the corresponding article from the Spanish Wikipedia. This article is about the History of Argentina. See also History of South America, History of Latin America, History of the Americas, and This is a list of Spanish Monarchs &mdashthat is rulers of the country of Spain in the modern sense of the word The May Revolution (in Spanish: Revolución de Mayo) was a series of political and social events in the Nineteenth century city of
References
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