For other events in May 1968, see 1968. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

A May 1968 poster: "Be young and shut up", with stereotypical silhouette of General de Gaulle. Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ( 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French General and statesman who led the Free French

May 1968 is the name given to a series of student protests and a general strike that caused the eventual collapse of the De Gaulle government in France. A general strike is a Strike action by a critical mass of the labour force in a city region or country Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ( 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French General and statesman who led the Free French This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The vast majority of the protesters espoused left-wing causes, but the established leftist political institutions and labor unions distanced themselves from the movement. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Many saw the events as an opportunity to shake up the "old society" and traditional morality, focusing especially on the education system and employment. Morality (from the Latin la moralitas "manner character proper behavior" has three principal meanings Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee.

It began as a series of student strikes that broke out at a number of universities and lycées in Paris, following confrontations with university administrators and the police. A student strike occurs when students enrolled at a teaching institution such as a School, College or University refuse to go to class A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The de Gaulle administration's attempts to quash those strikes by further police action only inflamed the situation further, leading to street battles with the police in the Latin Quarter, followed by a general strike by students and strikes throughout France by ten million French workers, roughly two-thirds of the French workforce. Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ( 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French General and statesman who led the Free French The protests reached such a point that de Gaulle created a military operations headquarters to deal with the unrest, dissolved the National Assembly and called for new parliamentary elections for 23 June 1968. The French National Assembly. The other is the Senate ( “Sénat”) Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The government was close to collapse at that point (De Gaulle had even taken temporary refuge at an air force base in Germany), but the revolutionary situation evaporated almost as quickly as it arose. Workers went back to their jobs, after a series of deceptions carried out by the Confédération Générale du Travail, the leftist union federation, and the Parti Communiste Français (PCF), the French Communist Party. Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The General Confederation of Labour ( French: Confédération générale The French Communist Party ( French: Parti communiste français or PCF) is a political party in France which advocates the principles of Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based When the elections were finally held in June, the Gaullist party emerged even stronger than before.

May '68 was a political failure for the protesters, but it had an enormous social impact. In France, it is considered to be the watershed moment that saw the replacement of conservative morality (religion, patriotism, respect for authority) with the liberal morality (equality, sexual liberation, human rights) that dominates French society today. Although this replacement did not take place solely in this one month, the term mai 68 is used to refer to the shift in values, especially when referring to its most idealistic aspects.

The events before May

On 22 March far-left groups and a small number of prominent poets and musicians, along with 150 students, invaded an administration building at Nanterre University and held a meeting in the university council room dealing with class discrimination in French society and the political bureaucracy that controlled the school's funding. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. The Paris X University Nanterre is a French university in the Academy of Versailles.

The school's administration called the police, who surrounded the university. After the publication of their wishes, the students left the building without any trouble. After this first record, some leaders of what was named the "Movement of 22 March" were called together by the disciplinary committee of the university. The Mouvement du 22 Mars ( Movement of 22 March) was a French student movement at the University of Nanterre founded on 22 March, 1968, which

The events of May

Following months of conflicts between students and authorities at the University of Paris at Nanterre, the administration shut down that university on 2 May 1968. The historic University of Paris (Université de Paris first appeared in the second half of the 13th century Nanterre is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Students at the University of the Sorbonne in Paris met on 3 May to protest against the closure and the threatened expulsion of several students at Nanterre. The historic University of Paris (Université de Paris first appeared in the second half of the 13th century Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João On Monday, 6 May, the national student union, the UNEF - still the largest student union in France today - and the union of university teachers called a march to protest against the police invasion of the Sorbonne. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. The National Union of Students of France ( Union Nationale des Étudiants de France or UNEF) is the main national students' union in France. More than 20,000 students, teachers and supporters marched towards the Sorbonne, still sealed off by the police, who charged, wielding their batons, as soon as the marchers approached. While the crowd dispersed, some began to create barricades out of whatever was at hand, while others threw paving stones, forcing the police to retreat for a time. The police then responded with tear gas and charged the crowd again. Hundreds more students were arrested.

High school student unions spoke in support of the riots on 6 May. The next day, they joined the students, teachers and increasing numbers of young workers who gathered at the Arc de Triomphe to demand that: (1) all criminal charges against arrested students be dropped, (2) the police leave the university, and (3) the authorities reopen Nanterre and the Sorbonne. The Arc de Triomphe is a monument in Paris, France that stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle also known as the Place de l'Étoile. Negotiations broke down after students returned to their campuses, after a false report that the government had agreed to reopen them, only to discover the police still occupying the schools. The students now had a near revolutionary fervor.

On Friday, 10 May, another huge crowd congregated on the Rive Gauche. For other uses see Left Bank. La Rive Gauche (The Left Bank is the left bank of the Seine River in Paris, as one When the riot police again blocked them from crossing the river, the crowd again threw up barricades, which the police then attacked at 2:15 in the morning after negotiations once again floundered. The Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS (Republican Security Companies are the riot control forces and general reserve of the French National Police. The confrontation, which produced hundreds of arrests and injuries, lasted until dawn of the following day. The events were broadcast on radio as they occurred and the aftermath was shown on television the following day. Allegations were made that the police had participated, through agents provocateurs, in the riots, by burning cars and throwing molotov cocktails ^[1]. Traditionally an agent provocateur ( Plural: agents provocateurs, French for "inciting agent" is a person employed by the police or The Molotov cocktail, also known as the booze bomb, alcohol bomb or Molotov bomb, is a generic name used for a variety of improvised incendiary

The government's heavy-handed reaction brought on a wave of sympathy for the strikers. Many of the nation's more mainstream singers and poets joined after the heavy-handed police brutality came to light. American artists also began voicing support of the strikers. The Parti Communiste Français (PCF) reluctantly supported the students, whom it regarded as adventurers and anarchists, and the major left union federations, the Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT) and the Force Ouvrière (CGT-FO), called a one-day general strike and demonstration for Monday, 13 May. The French Communist Party ( French: Parti communiste français or PCF) is a political party in France which advocates the principles of Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The General Confederation of Labour ( French: Confédération générale Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The General Confederation of Labor - Workers' Force ( French:

Well over a million people marched through Paris on that day; the police stayed largely out of sight. Prime Minister Georges Pompidou personally announced the release of the prisoners and the reopening of the Sorbonne. Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (5 July 1911 2 April 1974 was President of the French Republic from 1969 until his death in 1974 However, the surge of strikes did not recede. In fact, the protesters got even more enraged.

When the Sorbonne reopened, students occupied it and declared it an autonomous "people's university". Approximately 401 popular action committees were set up in Paris, including the Occupation Committee of the Sorbonne, and elsewhere in the weeks that followed to take up grievances against the government and French society. The Occupation Committee of the Sorbonne was a radical student group set up at the Sorbonne during the May 1968 period of Social unrest in

In the following days, workers began occupying factories, starting with a sit-down strike at the Sud Aviation plant near the city of Nantes on 14 May, then another strike at a Renault parts plant near Rouen, which spread to the Renault manufacturing complexes at Flins in the Seine Valley and the Paris suburb of Boulogne-Billancourt. Sud Aviation was a French state-owned Aircraft manufacturer, originating from the merger of Sud-Est (SNCASE or Société nationale des constructions Nantes (Naoned Gallo: Naunnt) is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast This is about the company for other uses see Renault (disambiguation. Rouen (ʁwɑ̃ in French) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital This is about the company for other uses see Renault (disambiguation. Boulogne-Billancourt (often colloquially called simply Boulogne or Boulbi) is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. By 16 May, workers had occupied roughly fifty factories, and by 17 May, 200,000 were on strike. That figure snowballed to two million workers on strike the following day and then ten million, or roughly two-thirds of the French workforce, on strike the following week.

These strikes were not led by the union movement; on the contrary, the CGT tried to contain this spontaneous outbreak of militancy by channeling it into a struggle for higher wages and other economic demands. Workers put forward a broader, more political and more radical agenda, demanding the ousting of the government and President de Gaulle and attempting, in some cases, to run their factories. When the trade union leadership negotiated a 35% increase in the minimum wage, a 7% wage increase for other workers, and half normal pay for the time on strike with the major employers' associations, the workers occupying their factories refused to return to work and jeered their union leaders, even though this deal was better than what they could have obtained only a month earlier.

On May 25 and May 26, the Grenelle agreements were signed at the Ministry of Social Affairs. The Grenelle Agreements (Accords de Grenelle were negotiated 25 and 26 May during the crisis of May 1968 in France by the representative of the Pompidou government The Minister of Social Affairs and Employment is a cabinet member in the Government of France. They provided for an increase of the minimum wage by 25% and of the average salaries by 10%. These offers were rejected, and the strike went on. The working class and top intellectuals were joining in solidarity for a major change in workers' rights.

On May 27, the meeting of the Union Nationale des Étudiants de France (National Union of the Students of France), the most outstanding of the events of May 1968, proceeded and gathered 30,000 to 50,000 people in the Stade Sebastien Charlety. The National Union of Students of France ( Union Nationale des Étudiants de France or UNEF) is the main national students' union in France. Stade Sebastien Charléty, known simply as Stade Charléty or even sometimes just Charléty, is a multi-use Stadium in Paris, France The meeting was extremely militant with speakers demanding the government be overthrown and elections held.

On 30 May, several hundred thousand protesters (400,000 to 500,000—much more than the 50,000 the police were expecting) led by the CGT marched through Paris, chanting, "Adieu, de Gaulle!" (Meaning: "Farewell, De Gaulle. ")

While the government appeared to be close to collapse, de Gaulle remained firm, though he had to go into hiding. After ensuring that he had sufficient loyal military units mobilized to back him if push came to shove, he went on the radio the following day (the national television service was on strike) to announce the dissolution of the National Assembly, with elections to follow on 23 June. He ordered workers to return to work, threatening to institute a state of emergency if they did not. A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors or order government agencies

The events of June

From that point, the revolutionary feeling of the students and workers faded away. Workers gradually returned to work or were ousted from their plants by the police. The national student union called off street demonstrations. The government banned a number of leftist organizations. The police retook the Sorbonne on 16 June. De Gaulle triumphed in the legislative elections held in June, and the crisis came to an end. French legislative elections took place on June 23 and 30 1968 to elect the 4th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.

Slogans and graffiti

It is difficult to identify precisely the politics of the students who sparked the events of May 1968, much less of the hundreds of thousands who participated in them. There was, however, a strong strain of anarchism, particularly in the students at Nanterre. Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i While not exhaustive, the graffiti gave a sense of the millenarian and rebellious spirit, tempered with a good deal of verbal wit, of the strikers (the anti-work graffiti shows the considerable influence of the Situationist movement). Millenarianism (sometimes spelled millenarism or millennarism) is the belief by a religious social or political group or movement in a coming major transformation The Situationist International ( SI) was a small group of international political and artistic Agitators with roots in Marxism, Lettrism and the

1968 in an international context

France was far from the only country to witness student protests in 1968. The events were preceded by the announcement, in the United States, that United States President Lyndon B. Johnson would choose to withdraw from the 1968 presidential campaign in March due to rising domestic opposition. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Please DO NOT flip the colors -->The United States presidential election of 1968 was a wrenching national experience and included the assassination of Democratic candidate This was soon followed by the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4 and a student-led occupation and closure of Columbia University on April 23. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League.

In Mexico, on the night of 2 October 1968, a student demonstration ended in a storm of bullets in La Plaza de las Tres Culturas at Tlatelolco, Mexico City, ten days before the celebration of the 1968 Summer Olympics in the same city. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Tlatelolco Massacre, also known as The Night of Tlatelolco (from a book title by the Mexican writer Elena Poniatowska) took place on the afternoon and night of Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico The 1968 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Mexico City

Interestingly, in Chile, the student movement had its own national revolution in August of 1967, with many reform proccesses as a result. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the

The American and German student movements were relatively isolated from the working class, but in Italy and in Argentina, students and workers joined in efforts to create a radically different society. The German student movement (also called 68er-Bewegung, movement of 1968, or soixante-huitaires) was a Protest movement that took place during Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.

In Belgium, students from the Flemish university Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Leuven protested against the dominance of the French language in the university, which resulted in a separate Francophone university, Université Catholique de Louvain. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (in short KU Leuven) is the Flemish offshoot of the oldest university in the Low Countries which was originally founded Leuven ( French: Louvain, often used in English German: Löwen) is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant in the French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The Université catholique de Louvain, sometimes known as UCL, is Belgium 's largest French -speaking University, and a successor institution

In Eastern Europe, students also drew inspiration from the protests in the West. In Poland and Yugoslavia, students protested against restrictions on free speech by Communist regimes. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: In Czechoslovakia, the Prague Spring offered a broadening of political rights until it was crushed by the USSR and its Warsaw Pact allies. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Prague Spring ( Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe.

Many of the student groups involved with May 1968 were also inspired by a strain of political thought called tiers-mondisme (third worldism). Third-worldism is a tendency within left wing political thought to regard the division between developed classically liberal nations and developing or " Third world " Students idealized and followed socialist movements in countries such as Cuba, Vietnam, or China, and revered figures such as Fidel Castro, Che Guevara or Mao Zedong. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13 1926 is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from December 1959 to December 1976 and then president until Ernesto "Che" Guevara (June 14 Following the Cuban revolution,Guevara reviewed Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Their struggles in their own countries were tied to their support of these third world socialist movements.

In Brazil, student protests against the military dictatorship increased sharply in 1968, with students forming a majority among armed revolutionary movements combating the police and the military and orchestrating operations such as the kidnapping of foreign diplomats (most notably the ambassador of the United States Charles Burke Elbrick in 1969) in order to demand the release of previously imprisoned revolutionaries. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Charles Burke Elbrick, (b Louisville Kentucky March 25 1908, d This escalation of student protests led to the declaration of the Institutional Act Number Five, which consolidated the absolute power of the military dictatorship, dismantling congress and revoking constitutional rights of citizens.

References in popular culture

• Robert Merle's book Derrière la vitre is a novel set in the May 1968 events. Robert Merle ( 28 August 1908 - 28 March 2004 was a French Novelist.
• Vangelis released an LP, dubbed a poème symphonique, entitled Fais Que Ton Rêve Soit Plus Long Que La Nuit, which was a musique concrète/folk recording collage reflecting the May 1968 strikes. Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassiou (Born March 29, 1943 in Volos, Greece) ( Greek: Ευάγγελος Οδυσσέας Παπαθανασίου Long play (LP record albums are 33⅓  Rpm vinyl Gramophone records (phonograph records generally either 10- or 12- Inches in diameter Musique concrète ( French; literally "concrete music" is a style of Avant-garde music that relies on recorded sounds including natural In Music montage (literally "putting together" or sound collage ("gluing together" is a technique where Sound objects or compositions Vangelis was in Paris at the time recording with Aphrodite's Child.
• René Viénet's 1973 film Can dialectics break bricks? dealt with the concepts surrounding May 1968, parodying the events within the narrative. René Viénet (born 1944 in Le Havre is a situationist writer and filmmaker La Dialectique Peut-Elle Casser Des Briques?, in English "Can Dialectics Break Bricks?", is a 1973 Situationist film
• Guy Debord's 1973 film The Society of the Spectacle dealt with the motivations around the events of May 1968. Guy Ernest Debord ( December 28, 1931 - November 30, 1994) was a Marxist theorist French writer Filmmaker, hypergraphist La Société du spectacle ( Society of the Spectacle) is a 1973 film by Situationist Guy Debord based on the 1967 book of The film also contains large amounts of archival footage of the events.
• Chris Marker's 1977 film A Grin Without a Cat^IMDb is a three-hour-long film documentary portraying the history behind the social unrests of the sixties. Chris Marker (born 29 July 1921 is a French Writer, Photographer, Film director, Multimedia artist and documentary maker Made with archival images, it deals with May 1968 in depth.
• Milou in May is a 1990 film by Louis Malle which portrays the impact of revolutionary fervour on a French village. Milou en mai is a 1990 film by Louis Malle. It is released as Milou in May in the UK and as May Fools Louis Malle (30 October 1932 &ndash 23 November 1995 was a French Film director, working in both French and English. A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller than a Town or City.
• Bernardo Bertolucci's 2003 film The Dreamers was based on three young film-loving students and their experiences in May 1968, although it features the events mainly as a backdrop and not predominantly within the primary plot. Bernardo Bertolucci (born March 16, 1940) is an Italian Writer and Academy Award winning Film director. The Dreamers is a 2003 British / French Drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci.
• Roman Coppola's 2001 film CQ depicts the Paris film-making world of the late 1960s and makes repeated reference to the events of May 1968. Roman Coppola (born 22 April 1965) is an American Film director and Music video director. CQ is a 2001 Film written and directed by Roman Coppola. It is an homage to 1960s Italian spy/sci-fi spoofs like Barbarella
• The Rolling Stones' song "Street Fighting Man" was heavily influenced by the student riots. " Street Fighting Man " is a song by English Rock and roll band The Rolling Stones featured on their 1968 album Beggars Banquet
• The Beatles' song "Revolution" was based upon the May 1968 uprising. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 " Revolution " is a song by The Beatles, written by John Lennon and attributed to Lennon/McCartney.
• Philippe Garrel's 2005 film Les Amants Réguliers^IMDb ("the regular lovers") is a three-hour-long rejoinder to The Dreamers that portrays the May 1968 events through the eyes of a group of young artists who grow increasingly absorbed in a world of drugs and free love upon what they see as the failure of the May 1968 events. Philippe Garrel (born April 6, 1948 in Paris, France) is a French director, cinematographer screenwriter editor and producer
• The Stone Roses song "Bye Bye Badman" on their eponymous debut album was said by lead singer Ian Brown to be about the riots. The Stone Roses were an English Alternative rock band formed in Manchester in 1984 The Stone Roses is the debut album by English Indie rock band The Stone Roses, released on. Ian George Brown (born 20 February 1963) is an English musician and former lead singer of the Alternative rock band The Stone Roses The lemon the band commonly uses as a logo represents the lemons used by protesters to sooth their eyes from the effects of tear gas.
• The video for Röyksopp's single "Only This Moment" depicts events from the May 1968 riots. Röyksopp ('ɾœʏkˌsop is an electronic music duo based in Tromsø, Norway composed of Torbjørn Brundtland and Svein Berge " Only This Moment " is the first single from the Norwegian duo Röyksopp 's second album The Understanding.
• The Merry Month of May is author James Jones's 1971 novel concerning the 1968 events in Paris. The Merry Month Of May is author James Jones 's 1971 novel concerning the events of the 1968 student revolutions in Paris James Ramon Jones ( November 6, 1921 &ndash May 9, 1977) was an American author known for his explorations of World War It is centered around a rich American family, the Gallaghers, living as expatriates in Paris.
• Renaud wrote the song "Crève Salope" during the protests, and it became a favourite of the protesters.
• Jean Luc Godard's film La Chinoise portrays the ideas of a small group of students on the eve of the May 1968 events. Jean-Luc Godard (French ʒɑ̃lyk gɔˈdaʀ (born on December 3 1930 is a French and Swiss Filmmaker and one of the founding members of the Nouvelle Vague La Chinoise is a 1967 French political film directed by Jean-Luc Godard about young revolutionaries in Paris.
• Artist Jamie Reid was inspired by the poster "A Youth Too Often Worried About the Future", produced during the May events, for his artwork on the Sex Pistols' 1977 single "God Save the Queen. Jamie Reid (born 1947 is a British artist and Anarchist with connections to the Situationists. The Sex Pistols are an English Punk rock band that formed in London in 1975 " God Save the Queen " was the second single released by the Punk rock band Sex Pistols. "

See also

• French civil unrest of 2005
• 2006 labor protests in France
• Anarchism in France
• Autonomism
• Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité
• Cornelius Castoriadis
• Day of the Barricades
• Feminism in France
• Lip, a self-managed factory starting in 1973, considered "the social conflict of the 1970s"
• Protests of 1968
• Socialisme ou Barbarie
• University of Paris strike of 1229

References

Further reading

• Adair, Gilbert. The 2005 civil unrest in France of October and November was a series of Riots and violent clashes involving mainly the burning The 2006 youth protests in France occurred throughout France during February, March, and April 2006 as a result of opposition to a measure Anarchism in France dates from the 18th century Many Anarchists such as the Egalitarians took part in the French Revolution. Autonomism refers to a set of Left-wing political and social movements and theories close to the socialist movement. The Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS (Republican Security Companies are the riot control forces and general reserve of the French National Police. Cornelius Castoriadis (Κορνήλιος Καστοριάδης ( March 11 1922 - December 26 1997) was a Greek - French In the French Wars of Religion, the Day of the Barricades ( Journée des barricades) 12 May 1588 was an apparently spontaneous public uprising in staunchly Catholic Feminism in France has its origins in the French Revolution. A few famous figures emerged during the 1871 Paris Commune, including Louise Michel, Russian-born LIP is a French clock company whose turmoil became emblematic of the conflicts between workers and management in France The Protests of 1968 consisted of a worldwide series of protests largely led by students and workers Socialisme ou Barbarie (Socialism or Barbarism was a French-based radical Libertarian socialist group of the post- World War II period (the name comes from In 1229, a student riot at the University of Paris resulted in the deaths of a number of students and the ensuing "dispersion" or Student strike Le Monde (The World is a Michel Rocard (born 23 August 1930 is a French politician, member of the Socialist Party (PS Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Gilbert Adair (born December 29, 1944 in Edinburgh) is a Scottish Author, Film critic and Journalist. The Holy Innocents (novel).
• Castoriadis, Cornelius with Claude Lefort and Edgar Morin. Cornelius Castoriadis (Κορνήλιος Καστοριάδης ( March 11 1922 - December 26 1997) was a Greek - French Claude Lefort (born 1924 is a French philosopher and activist Edgar Morin is a French Philosopher and Sociologist who was born in Paris on July 8, 1921 under the original name Mai 1968: la brèche.
• Cliff, Tony and Ian Birchall. Tony Cliff ( May 20, 1917 – May 9, 2000) was a Trotskyist Revolutionary Activist. France – the struggle goes on. ^[1]
• Cohn-Bendit, Daniel. Daniel Marc Cohn-Bendit (born Montauban, France, April 4 1945) is a French - German politician and was a student leader during Obsolete Communism: The Left-Wing Alternative.
• Dark Star Collective. Beneath the Paving Stones: Situationists and the Beach, May 68.
• Feenberg, Andrew and Jim Freedman. When Poetry Ruled the Streets.
• Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. Lawrence Ferlinghetti (born Lawrence Ferling on March 24, 1919) is an American Poet and painter, and the co-founder of Love in the Days of Rage (novel).
• Gregoire, Roger and Perlman, Fredy. Fredy Perlman ( August 20, 1934 -- July 26, 1985) was an author publisher and activist Worker-Student Action Committees: France May '68. ^[2]
• Jones, James. The Merry Month of May (novel).
• Knabb, Ken. Ken Knabb is an American writer translator and radical theorist best known for his translations of Guy Debord and the Situationist International. Situationist International Anthology.
• Kurlansky, Mark. Mark Kurlansky (born 7 December 1948 in Hartford Connecticut) is a highly-acclaimed American Journalist and Writer of general interest 1968: The Year That Rocked The World.
• Marcus, Greil. Greil Marcus (born 1945 is an American Author, music Journalist and cultural Critic. Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the 20th Century. This article is about the book for the compilation album by Manic Street Preachers see Lipstick Traces (A Secret History of Manic Street Preachers.
• Plant, Sadie. Sadie Plant (born 1964 in Birmingham England) is a British Author and Philosopher. The Most Radical Gesture: The Situationist International in a Postmodern Age.
• Quattrochi, Angelo and Nairn, Tom. The Beginning of the End.
• Ross, Kristin. Kristin Ross is a Professor of Comparative literature at New York University. May '68 and its Afterlives.
• Seale, Patrick and Maureen McConville. Patrick Seale is a British journalist author and consultant who specialises in the Middle East. Red Flag/Black Flag: French Revolution 1968.
• Singer, Daniel. Daniel Singer can refer to Daniel Singer (journalist (1926&ndash2000 British journalist and socialist writer Daniel Singer (actor Prelude To Revolution: France In May 1968.
• Touraine, Alain. The May Movement: Revolt and Reform.
• Vienet, Rene. René Viénet (born 1944 in Le Havre is a situationist writer and filmmaker Enrages And The Situationists In the Occupation Movement, France May '68.

External links

• May 1968: 40 Years Later, City Journal, Spring 2008
• Maurice Brinton: Paris May 1968
• Posters from May 1968 (French)
• More Posters from May 1968
• Picture gallery
• Pictures of May 1968 in Paris by Jean-Claude Seine (French)
• May 1968, Essex students revolt
• May Events Archive of Documents
• May 68 : A Contested History, Chris Reynolds, Sens Public Review
• May 68, the revolution in pictures Pictures and sounds of the revolution, in France and in the whole world