This article is about the mammal maxilla. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands For arthropod maxillae, see Mouthparts; for insect maxillae in particular, see Insect mouthparts. Arthropods are Animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, " Joint " The mouthparts of Arthropods have evolved into a number of forms each adapted to a different style or mode of feeding Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Insects ( Class Insecta) exhibit a range of mouthparts adapted to particular modes of feeding

Bone: Maxilla
Side view. Maxilla visible at bottom left, in green.
Front view. Maxilla visible at center, in yellow.
Gray's	subject #38 157
Precursor	1st branchial arch[1]
MeSH	Maxilla
Dorlands / Elsevier	m_05/12517279

The maxilla (plural: maxillae) is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper jaw. Introduction ( classes Long bones body or Diaphysis Medullary canal In the development of vertebrate animals, the pharyngeal arches (also called branchial arches or gill arches in fish develop during the fourth Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Elsevier, the world's largest Publisher of Medical and Scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group The jaw is either of the two opposable structures forming or near the entrance to the Mouth. This is similar to the mandible, which is also a fusion of two halves at the mental symphysis. The mandible (from Latin mandibula, "jawbone" or inferior maxillary bone forms the lower Jaw and holds the lower teeth in place The external surface of the Mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge indicating the symphysis menti or line of junction of the two pieces of which the bone is

Contents 1 Function 2 Components 3 Articulations 4 Additional images 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

Function

The alveolar process of the maxilla holds the upper teeth, and is referred to as the maxillary arch. The alveolar process is the thickened ridge of Bone that contains the Tooth sockets on bones that bear teeth. The maxilla attaches laterally to the zygomatic bones (cheek bones). The zygomatic bone came from the Latin term zyosislymore meaning malar bone (commonly called "cheek bone" ( malar bone) is a paired bone of the human Skull

The maxilla assists in forming the boundaries of three cavities:

• the roof of the mouth
• the floor and lateral wall of the nasal antrum
• the floor of the orbit

The maxilla also enters into the formation of two fossae: the infratemporal and pterygopalatine, and two fissures, the inferior orbital and pterygomaxillary. The mouth, buccal cavity, or oral cavity is the first portion of the Alimentary canal that receives food and begins digestion by mechanically breaking up The nasal cavity (or nasal fossa) is a large air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face In Anatomy, the orbital bone is the cavity or socket of the Skull in which the Eye and its appendages are situated The infratemporal fossa is an irregularly shaped cavity situated below and medial to the Zygomatic arch. The pterygopalatine fossa is a Fossa in the Skull. It is the indented area medial to the Pterygomaxillary fissure leading into the Sphenopalatine foramen In Anatomy, fissure ( Latin fissura, Plural fissurae) is a groove natural division deep furrow cleft or tear in various parts of The lateral wall and the floor of the orbit are separated posteriorly by the inferior orbital fissure which transmits the Maxillary nerve and its Zygomatic branch The pterygomaxillary fissure is vertical and descends at right angles from the medial end of the Inferior orbital fissure; it is a triangular interval formed by the divergence

Components

Each half of the fused maxilla consists of:

• The body of the maxilla
• Four processes
  • The zygomatic process
  • The frontal process
  • The alveolar process
  • The palatine process
• Infraorbital foramen

Articulations

The maxilla articulates with nine bones:

• two of the cranium: the frontal and ethmoid
• seven of the face: the nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, palatine, vomer, and the adjacent fused maxillary bone. The body of the Maxilla is somewhat pyramidal in shape and contains a large cavity the Maxillary sinus ( antrum of Highmore) The zygomatic process of the Maxilla ( malar process) is a rough triangular eminence situated at the angle of separation of the anterior zygomatic and orbital surfaces The alveolar process is the thickened ridge of Bone that contains the Tooth sockets on bones that bear teeth. The palatine process of the Maxilla ( palatal process) thick and strong is horizontal and projects medialward from the nasal surface of the bone Above the Canine fossa is the infraorbital foramen, the end of the Infraorbital canal; it transmits the Infraorbital artery, vein and Infraorbital The ethmoid bone (from Greek ethmos, "sieve" is a Bone in the Skull that separates the Nasal cavity from the Brain. The term face refers to the central sense organ complex for those animals that have one normally on the ventral surface of the head and can depending on the definition The inferior nasal concha ( Inferior Turbinated Bone) is one of the Turbinates in the Nose. The palatine bone is a Bone in the Palate (Latin palatum; unrelated to palatium 'palace' from which other senses of Palatine derive The vomer (from Latin vomer -ĕris, "ploughshare" is one of the unpaired facial Bones of the Skull.

Sometimes it articulates with the orbital surface, and sometimes with the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid. The lateral pterygoid plate of the Sphenoid (or lateral lamina of pterygoid process) is broad thin and everted its lateral surface forms part of the medial wall The sphenoid bone (from Greek sphenoeides, "wedgelike" is a Bone situated at the base of the Skull in front of the Temporals and basilar

Additional images

The seven bones which articulate to form the orbit.	Facial bones.	Left maxilla. Outer surface.	Left maxilla. Nasal surface.
Left maxillary sinus opened from the exterior.	The bony palate and alveolar arch.	Sphenoid bone visible center right.	Articulation of left palatine bone with maxilla.
Side view of the teeth and jaws.

See also

• Bone terminology
• Terms for anatomical location
• Ossification of maxilla
• Hypostome
• Maxillofacial surgery

References

External links

• SUNY Labs 22:os-1901

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. Bones are rigid organs that form part of the Endoskeleton of Vertebrates They function to move support and protect the various organs of the body produce In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species The Maxilla is ossified in membrane Mall 40 and Fawcett 41 maintain that it is ossified from two centers only one for the maxilla proper and one for the premaxilla Hypostome may refer to The Apical portion of the polyps of Hydrozoan Cnidarians like Hydra The mouthparts Oral and maxillofacial surgery is surgery to correct a wide spectrum of diseases injuries and defects in the head neck face jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( UNC, North Carolina, or simply Carolina) is a public, Coeducational Research The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, better known as SUNY Downstate Medical Center, is an academic medical center and is the only one of its kind The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened is an English-language Human anatomy Textbook As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.

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