Max Rufus Mosley (born 1940, London, England) is president of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), a non-profit association that represents the interests of motoring organisations and car users worldwide. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Jean-Marie Balestre ( April 9, 1921 &ndash March 27, 2008) was a French auto racing executive who was president of FISA Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley 6th Baronet (16 November 1896 &ndash 3 December 1980 was a British Politician, known principally as the founder of the British Diana Lady Mosley (née Freeman-Mitford 17 June 1910 &ndash 11 August 2003) was one of Britain's noted Mitford sisters and London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The FIA is also the governing body for Formula One and other international motorsports. Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, motor racing or car racing) is a Motorsport involving Racing Cars It

Mosley is the son of Sir Oswald Mosley, former leader of the British Union of Fascists (BUF), and Diana Mitford. Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley 6th Baronet (16 November 1896 &ndash 3 December 1980 was a British Politician, known principally as the founder of the British The British Union of Fascists (BUF was a Political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1932 by a Labour government minister and former MP Diana Lady Mosley (née Freeman-Mitford 17 June 1910 &ndash 11 August 2003) was one of Britain's noted Mitford sisters and He was educated in France, Germany and Britain before going on to attend university at Christ Church, Oxford where he graduated with a degree in physics. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Not to be confused with Christchurch, a city in New Zealand. Christ Church (Ædes Christi the temple or house of Christ and thus sometimes known as Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. In his teens and early twenties Mosley was involved with his father's post-war party, the Union Movement (UM). The Union Movement was a Political party founded in Britain by Oswald Mosley. He has claimed the association of his surname with fascism stopped him from developing his interest in politics further, although he briefly worked for the Conservative Party in the early 1980s. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom.

Mosley is a former barrister and amateur racing driver, and a founder and co-owner of March Engineering, a successful racing car constructor and Formula One racing team. A barrister is a Lawyer found in many Common law Jurisdictions that employ a split profession (as opposed to a Fused profession) in relation March Engineering was a Formula One constructor and manufacturer of customer racing cars from Britain. He looked after legal and commercial issues for the company between 1969 and 1977. In the late 1970s, Mosley became the official legal adviser to the Formula One Constructors Association (FOCA), the body which represents the Formula One teams. The Formula One Constructors' Association (FOCA is an organization of the Chassis builders (constructors who design and build the cars that race in the FIA In this role he drew up the first version of the Concorde Agreement, which settled a dispute between FOCA and the Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA), the governing body of Formula One. The Concorde Agreement is a contract between the FIA, the Formula One teams and Formula One Administration which dictates the terms by which The FISA-FOCA war was a political battle contested throughout the early 1980s by the two representative organizations in Formula One motor racing the Fédération The Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA was the governing body for Motor racing events Mosley was elected president of FISA in 1991 and became president of the FIA, FISA's parent body, in 1993. Mosley has identified his major achievement as FIA President as being the promotion of the European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP or Encap), a European car safety performance assessment programme. The European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP is a European Car safety performance assessment programme founded in 1997 by the Transport Research He has also promoted increased safety and the use of green technologies in motor racing. In 2008, a British tabloid newspaper published details of Mosley's involvement in an orgy, which it claims had a Nazi theme, leading to increased demands for his resignation. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German A ballot of FIA members was held on June 3rd 2008 and Mosley retained his position. ^[1]

Family and early life

Mosley is the son of Sir Oswald Mosley, who had been a Labour minister, and a Member of Parliament for both the Conservative and Labour parties in the 1920s. Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley 6th Baronet (16 November 1896 &ndash 3 December 1980 was a British Politician, known principally as the founder of the British The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. By the 1930s, Sir Oswald had left mainstream politics and become the leader of the British Union of Fascists (BUF). The British Union of Fascists (BUF was a Political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1932 by a Labour government minister and former MP Mosley's mother was Sir Oswald's second wife, Diana Mitford, with whom Oswald was married in a secret wedding, with Adolf Hitler as a guest of honour, at the home of Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels in Berlin. Diana Lady Mosley (née Freeman-Mitford 17 June 1910 &ndash 11 August 2003) was one of Britain's noted Mitford sisters and Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Paul Joseph Goebbels (German pronunciation ˈɡœbəls English generally ˈɡɝbəlz (29 October 1897 1 May 1945 was a German politician and Reich Minister of Public Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. ^[2] Early in the Second World War, on 23 May 1940, Sir Oswald, who had campaigned for a negotiated peace with Nazi Germany, was interned under Defence Regulation 18B, along with most active fascists in Britain. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Defence Regulation 18B, often referred to as simply 18B, was the most famous of the Defence Regulations used by the British Government during World On 29 June 1940, Lady Mosley was also imprisoned, 11 weeks after giving birth to Max Mosley. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[3] As a result, Mosley and his older brother, Alexander, were separated from their parents for the first few years of their lives. In December 1940, then prime minister Sir Winston Churchill, who knew Lady Mosley socially, asked Home Secretary Herbert Morrison to ensure that Lady Mosley was able to see Max regularly. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The Secretary of State for the Home Department, commonly known as the Home Secretary, is the minister in charge of the United Kingdom Home Office Herbert Stanley Morrison Baron Morrison of Lambeth, CH PC ( 3 January 1888 &ndash 6 March 1965) was a British ^[4]

Sir Oswald and Lady Mosley were released from detention at HMP Holloway on 16 November 1943, provoking widespread public protests. HM Prison Holloway is a Prison in the London Borough of Islington, London, United Kingdom. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[5] Their children were refused entry to several schools, due to a combination of their wildness and their parents' reputation, and were initially tutored at home. In 1950, the Mosleys bought houses in the Republic of Ireland, and in Orsay, near Paris. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Orsay is a commune of Essonne, Île-de-France located in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city ^[6] The family spent the year moving around Europe, spending the spring in France and the autumn and winter in Ireland,^[7] where Mosley was keen on hunting. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. ^[8] His aunt Nancy Mitford, in letters to Evelyn Waugh, recalled Sir Oswald and his family cruising the Mediterranean on the family yacht. Nancy Freeman-Mitford, CBE ( 28 November 1904, London - 30 June 1973, Versailles) styled The Hon Arthur Evelyn St John Waugh (ˈiːvlɪn ˈwɔː (28 October 1903 &ndash 10 April 1966 was an English Writer, best known for such darkly humorous and A yacht is a recreational boat It designates two rather different classes of Watercraft, sailing and power yachts On one such trip they visited Spain and were entertained by Sir Oswald's friend, General Franco. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid ^[9]

Initially Mosley was educated in France,^[10] then at the age of 13 he was sent to Stein an der Traun in Germany for two years, where he learned to speak fluent German. Traunreut is a municipality in southeastern Bavaria, Germany in the Traunstein district. ^[3] On his return to England he was educated at Millfield boarding school. Millfield is an independent school in Street Somerset, England. He attended Christ Church at Oxford University, graduating with a degree in physics in 1961. Not to be confused with Christchurch, a city in New Zealand. Christ Church (Ædes Christi the temple or house of Christ and thus sometimes known as During his time there he was Secretary of the Oxford Union. Status and membership The Oxford Union is an Unincorporated association, holding its property in trust in favour of its objectives and members and governed In 1961, Mosley campaigned under the slogan "Free speech for fascists. " when his father's invitation to speak at the Union was opposed. Shortly afterwards, Mosley introduced his father to Robert Skidelsky, one of Mosley's contemporaries at the university, who later wrote Sir Oswald's biography. Robert Jacob Alexander Skidelsky Baron Skidelsky (born 25 April 1939 in Harbin China is a British Economist of Russian origin and the author of a award-winning ^[11] Mosley went on to study law at Gray's Inn in London, specialising in patent and trademark law, and qualified as a barrister in 1964. The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn is one of the four Inns of Court around the Royal Courts London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. A barrister is a Lawyer found in many Common law Jurisdictions that employ a split profession (as opposed to a Fused profession) in relation ^[3] Northumbria University awarded Mosley a Honorary Doctorate of Civil Law in 2005. Northumbria University is a modern university located in Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa ( Latin: 'for the sake of the honour' is an Academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding ^[12]

Mosley, like many of Formula One's drivers, lives in Monaco. For other uses see Monaco (disambiguation Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque He met his future wife, Jean Taylor, at a Union Movement party; they were married in 1960. The Union Movement was a Political party founded in Britain by Oswald Mosley. They have two children: Alexander, who was born in 1970, and Patrick, who was born in 1972. ^[13] In addition to his brother, Mosley has five older half-siblings. On his father's side they are Vivien Mosley, the novelist Nicholas Mosley, 3rd Baron Ravensdale and Michael Mosley. Nicholas Mosley 3rd Baron Ravensdale 7th Baronet MC (born June 25, 1923) is a British novelist On his mother's side they are the Irish preservationist, Desmond Guinness, and the writer, Jonathan Guinness, 3rd Baron Moyne. Desmond Guinness (born 8 September 1931) is an Irish author on Georgian art and architecture and a conservationist Jonathan Bryan Guinness 3rd Baron Moyne (born March 16, 1930) succeeded as 3rd Baron Moyne in 1992 ^[14]

Politics

From their teens to early twenties, Mosley and his brother, Alexander, were involved with their father's post-war party, the Union Movement (UM), which advocated a united Europe as its core issue. Europe a Nation was a policy developed by British politician Oswald Mosley as the cornerstone of his Union Movement. Trevor Grundy, a central figure in the UM's Youth Movement, writes of the 16-year-old Mosley painting the flash and circle symbol on walls in London on the night of the Soviet Union's invasion of Hungary (4 November 1956). The Flash and Circle is the second and best known symbol of the British Union of Fascists. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 ( Hungarian: 1956-os forradalom) was a spontaneous nationwide Revolt against the Stalinist government of Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[15] The flash and circle was used by both the UM and the pre-war BUF. He also reports Mosley enthusiastically organising a couple of large parties as a way "to get in with lively, ordinary, normal young people, girls as well as boys, and attract them to the Movement by showing that we were like them and didn't go on about Hitler and Mussolini, Franco and British Fascism all the time. "^[16] When Sir Oswald ran for the Kensington North seat in the 1959 General Election, Mosley and Alexander canvassed for their father. Kensington North was a parliamentary constituency centred on the Kensington district of West London. Background Following the Suez Crisis in 1956 Anthony Eden the Conservative Prime Minister became unpopular and resigned the following year Canvassing is the systematic initiation of direct contact with a target group of individuals commonly used during Political campaigns A campaign team (and during Elections ^[17]

Mosley was later an election agent for the Union Movement, supporting Walter Hesketh as parliamentary candidate for Moss Side in 1962. In Elections in the United Kingdom, as well as in certain other similar political systems such as India 's an election agent is the person legally responsible for Moss Side is a residential suburb district and electoral ward of Manchester in North West England situated two miles ^[18] The motor racing journalist Alan Henry describes the younger Mosley as one of his father's "right-hand men" at the time of a violent incident in 1962 in which Sir Oswald was knocked down by a mob in London and saved from serious injury by his son's intervention. Alan Henry is widely regarded as the "grand old man" of British motorsport journalism having been a grand prix reporter since the early 1970s ^[19][20] As a result of his involvement in this fracas, Mosley was arrested and charged with threatening behaviour. He was later cleared at Old Street Magistrates' Court on the grounds that he was trying to protect his father. ^[21] In 1964, Mosley himself was a prospective UM candidate. ^[22]

Mosley was a member of the Territorial Army during the early 1960s, training as a parachutist. The Territorial Army ( TA) is the principal and Volunteer reserve force of the British Army, the land armed forces branch of the United Kingdom Parachuting, also known as skydiving is where a person jumps from enough height so that he can deploy a fabric Parachute and land safely This training led some national English newspapers to link him to the French right wing Organisation de l'armée secrète (OAS), which was involved in the Algerian War at that time. The Organisation de l'armée secrète ( OAS &mdash or Organisation armée secrète, lit The Algerian War ( French: Guerre d'Algérie; 1954-1962 also known as Algerian War of Independence, led to Algeria 's independence from ^[21]

In the early 1980s, Mosley attempted a political career, working for the UK Conservative Party and hoping to become a parliamentary candidate. Lovell writes that he gave up this aspiration after being unimpressed by "the calibre of senior party officials". ^[23] He also felt his name would be a handicap and has since said that "If I had a completely open choice in my life, I would have chosen party politics, but because of my name, that's impossible. "^[22]

Racing career

While Mosley was at University, his wife was given tickets to a motor race at the Silverstone circuit. Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, motor racing or car racing) is a Motorsport involving Racing Cars It Silverstone Circuit is a Motor racing circuit in Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire, named after the village in the former England The circuit was not far from Oxford, and the couple went out of curiosity. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, Mosley was attracted by the sport, and when his career as a barrister was bringing in sufficient money, he started racing cars himself. ^[24] The sport's indifference to his background appealed to Mosley:

There was always a certain amount of trouble [being the son of Sir Oswald] until I came into motor racing. And in one of the first races I ever took part in there was a list of people when they put the practice times [. . . ] and I heard somebody say, 'Mosley, Max Mosley, he must be some relation of Alf Mosley, the coachbuilder. ' And I thought to myself, 'I've found a world where they don't know about Oswald Mosley. ' And it has always been a bit like that in motor racing: nobody gives a darn. ^[9]

At national level in the UK, Mosley was moderately successful, competing in over 40 races in 1966 and 1967, of which he won 12, and setting several class lap records. In motorsport, the fastest lap is the quickest lap run during a race In 1968, he formed the London Racing Team in partnership with driver Chris Lambert to compete in European Formula Two, the level of racing just below Formula One. Formula Two, abbreviated to F2, was a type of Formula racing. It was a dangerous time to race. Early in the year, Mosley competed in the Formula Two race at Hockenheim in which double world champion Jim Clark was killed,^[25] and within two years both of Mosley's 1968 team mates were dead in racing accidents. Hockenheim is a German City in northwest Baden-Württemberg, about 20 km south of Mannheim. Jim (or Jimmy) Clark OBE ( 4 March, 1936 &ndash 7 April, 1968) was a Scottish Formula One ^[26] Mosley's best result that year was an eighth place at a non-championship race at Monza. Autodromo Nazionale Monza is a Motorsport Race track near the town of Monza, Italy, north of Milan. ^[13]

March Engineering

Main article: March Engineering

Mosley's legal skills were frequently called on at March: one example was a contract dispute with Frank Costin, designer of the novel aerodynamics of the March 711 seen here. March Engineering was a Formula One constructor and manufacturer of customer racing cars from Britain. March Engineering was a Formula One constructor and manufacturer of customer racing cars from Britain. Frank Costin was an automotive engineer who pioneered Monocoque Chassis design and was instrumental in adapting aircraft Aerodynamic knowledge for automobile ^[27]

In 1969, after two large accidents due to breakages on his Lotus car, Mosley retired from driving, having decided that "it was evident that I wasn't going to be World Champion. 1950s Colin Chapman established Lotus Engineering Ltd in 1952 at Hornsey, UK. "^[9] He was already working with Robin Herd, Alan Rees and Graham Coaker on setting up March Engineering, a racing car manufacturer. Alan Rees (born January 12, 1938 in Langstone, Monmouthshire) is a British former Racing driver of the 1960s from March Engineering was a Formula One constructor and manufacturer of customer racing cars from Britain. The name March is a contrived acronym based on the initials of the founders; the 'M' stands for Mosley. Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name ^[9] Like the other founders, Mosley put in £2,500. His role in the new company was to handle legal and commercial matters. His father told him that the company "would certainly go bankrupt, but it would be good experience for a later career. "^[28]

Mosley played a key role in publicising the new outfit. Although March had few resources and limited experience, the firm announced ambitious plans to enter Formula One, the pinnacle of single-seater racing, in 1970. The team had initially intended to enter a single car, but by the beginning of the season (partly due to various deals made by Mosley), the number of March cars entered for their first Formula One race had risen to five. Two of these were run by March's own in-house works team and the rest by customer teams. ^[29] Mosley also negotiated sponsorship from tyre maker Firestone and oil additive manufacturer STP. The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company was founded by Harvey Firestone in 1900 to supply pneumatic tires for wagons buggies and other forms of wheeled transportation Oil additives are used to improve the base Oil (or oil "base stock" into a better performing Lubricant. STP is a brand name and trade name for the automotive additives and performance division of the Clorox Corporation ^[30]

The new operation was a qualified success. In Formula One, March cars won three of their first four races, including a world championship race, the 1970 Spanish Grand Prix, won by reigning world champion Jackie Stewart in a customer car run by Tyrrell Racing. The 1970 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One race held at Jarama on April 19, 1970. For other people of this name see Jackie Stewart (disambiguation. Lower Formulae (1958 - 1967 Tyrrell Racing first came into being in 1958 running Formula Three cars for Ken Tyrrell and local stars As a result, March finished third in the 1970 Constructors' Championship. The factory also sold 40 cars to customers in various lower formulae, although there were no major wins. Despite these successes, the organisation got into financial difficulty almost immediately. The Formula One operation was costing more than the customer car business was making. The March works team's contract with its lead driver, Chris Amon, was costing a lot of money, and Mosley, in his own words, "tried at every opportunity to get rid of him". Early life Chris Amon was born in Bulls, New Zealand as the only child of wealthy sheep-owner Ngaio Amon ^[31] He reasoned that Stewart's highly competitive customer car was enough to show March in a good light. At the end of the season, Mosley successfully demanded full control of the finances, including the factory run by Coaker, who left shortly afterwards. Mosley and Herd borrowed £20,000 from relatives and friends to support the company into its second year. According to Bernie Ecclestone's biographer, Terry Lovell, the money came from Mosley's half- brother, Jonathan Guinness. Bernard Charles "Bernie" Ecclestone (born 28 October 1930 near Bungay Suffolk, England) is the president and CEO of ^[32]

Tyrrell started making its own cars towards the end of 1970, and March's 1971 program in Formula One was much reduced, with no recognised front-running driver. The Firestone and STP sponsorship had proved insufficient and Mosley failed to attract a large backer for 1971. Motorsport author Mike Lawrence has suggested that the shortfall forced him into short-term deals, which maintained cashflow, but were not in the best long-term interests of the company. ^[33] Nonetheless, March again finished third in the constructors championship, and works driver Ronnie Peterson was second in the drivers' World Championship. This is about the racing driver For the ice hockey player see Ronnie Pettersson. The team experimented with Alfa Romeo engines, sometimes to the detriment of race performance, but Mosley's hopes of funding, or even partnership with the Italian automobile manufacturer, were not met. Alfa Romeo participated in Formula One, as both a constructor and engine supplier from to. Rees left at the end of the year: the company was even further in debt and, according to Herd, Rees wanted to "spend everything on Formula One, on the basis that the results would bring in the money. " Mosley, on the other hand, took the view that they could not spend the money they did not have. Rees denies Herd's claim, but says he left on amicable terms. ^[34]

Mosley pushed for the unusual six-wheeled March 2-4-0 to be built as a publicity device. The March 2-4-0 was an experimental six-wheeled Formula One racing car built by the March Engineering company of Bicester, UK Sales of models of the car are claimed to make it the most profitable car the company ever made. ^[35]

March continued in Formula One as a minor team until 1977. ^[36] The cars were driven by a large number of drivers, many of whom were paying their way. Marches were also popular with other teams, largely because they were cheap and available. The cars were often towards the back of the grid, although in 1975 and 1976 they were more competitive, and the works team took one win in each year. However, losing money on a deal to supply Jochen Neerpasch, then motorsport manager at Ford, with a Formula Two car paid off, when Neerpasch moved to BMW and offered March an exclusive deal in 1972 to use BMW's Formula Two engine. Jochen Neerpasch (born 1946 in Krefeld, Germany) is a former German racecar driver and motorsports manager Throughout its history BMW cars and motorcycles have been successful in a range of Motorsport activities ^[37] March cars powered by BMW engines won five of the next 11 European Formula Two championships. ^[38]

In 1976, Mosley, having seen the popularity of Tyrrell's six-wheeled P34 with fans, pressed for a six-wheeled March to be built as a draw for sponsors. Race history When unveiled the cover was peeled away from the back forward and the collective gasps from the world's press said it all The resulting March 2-4-0 never competed in Formula One, but generated the required publicity and a Scalextric slotcar model was profitable. The March 2-4-0 was an experimental six-wheeled Formula One racing car built by the March Engineering company of Bicester, UK Scalextric is a major international brand of Slot car racing that first appeared in the late 1950s and is currently owned by Hornby. Note this article concerns slot car racing competition For information on the general slot car hobby including more detailed coverage of history scales track-types and mechanical functioning ^[35]

During the 1977 season, Herd was pressured by BMW into spending his time on their March-chassised works Formula Two programme. As a result, Mosley had to act as engineer in Formula One for drivers Ian Scheckter and Alex Ribeiro. Ian Scheckter (born August 22, 1947 in East London, South Africa) is a former Racing driver. Alex Dias Ribeiro (born in Belo Horizonte, November 7, 1948) is a former Racing driver from Brazil. ^[39] The atmosphere between drivers and team was hostile, although Mosley believes he had a good relationship with Scheckter. ^[40] By the end of 1977, Mosley was fed up with the struggle to compete in Formula One with no resources and left to work for FOCA full time, selling his shares in the company to Herd but remaining as a director. ^[41]

Formula One Constructors Association

Main article: Formula One Constructors Association

From 1969, Mosley was invited to the meetings of the Grand Prix Constructors' Association (GPCA) as a representative of March. The Formula One Constructors' Association (FOCA is an organization of the Chassis builders (constructors who design and build the cars that race in the FIA The GPCA was the forerunner of Formula One Constructors Association (FOCA) and negotiated joint deals on behalf of its member teams. The Formula One Constructors' Association (FOCA is an organization of the Chassis builders (constructors who design and build the cars that race in the FIA Although the brash new constructor was not popular with the established teams, Mosley has said that "when they went along to meetings to discuss things such as prize money, they felt they ought to take me along because I was a lawyer". ^[42]

Mosley was unimpressed with the standard of negotiations. In 1971, British businessman Bernie Ecclestone bought the Brabham team, and Mosley recalls that:

Within about 20 minutes of him turning up at the [GPCA] meeting, it was apparent that here was someone who knew how many beans made five and after about half an hour he moved round the table to sit next to me, and from then on he and I started operating as a team. Origins The Brabham team was founded by Jack Brabham and Ron Tauranac, who met in 1951 while both were successfully building and racing cars in their native Within a very short time, the two of us were doing everything for the GPCA, instead of everyone moving around in a block, and from that developed FOCA. ^[42]

The FOCA was created in 1974 by Ecclestone, Colin Chapman, Teddy Mayer, Max Mosley, Ken Tyrrell and Frank Williams to represent the commercial interests of the teams at meetings with the Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA), motorsport's world governing body. Anthony Colin Bruce Chapman ( 19 May 1928 - 16 December 1982) was an influential British designer inventor and builder in the automotive Edward Everett "Teddy" Mayer (born September 8, 1935) is an American motor racing team manager who has enjoyed success in several categories of racing including Ken Tyrrell ( May 3, 1924 &ndash August 25 2001) was a British Auto racing driver and Sir Francis Owen Garbatt Williams CBE (born April 16 1942 is founder and manager of the WilliamsF1 Formula One racing team The Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA was the governing body for Motor racing events ^[43] After leaving March at the end of 1977, Mosley officially became legal advisor to FOCA, which was led by Ecclestone. The 1977 Formula One season included the 28th FIA Formula One World Championship season which commenced on January 9, 1977, and ended on In his biography of Ecclestone, Terry Lovell suggests that he appointed Mosley to this role not only because of his legal ability, but also because he "saw in Mosley the necessary diplomatic and political skills that made him perfectly suited to the establishment of the FIA". ^[44] The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) was FISA's parent body, representing car users worldwide. In the same year, Mosley was nominated for a role at the FIA Bureau Internationale de Constructeurs d'Automobile, a forerunner of the FIA Manufacturer's Commission. His nomination was blocked by French, Italian and German manufacturers. ^[45]

In the early 1980s, Mosley was heavily involved in the conflict between FOCA and FISA for control of the sport. The FISA-FOCA war was a political battle contested throughout the early 1980s by the two representative organizations in Formula One motor racing the Fédération He represented FOCA at several meetings over this period. In 1981, FOCA announced its own World Federation of Motor Sport and ran the non-championship 1981 South African Grand Prix. The 1981 South African Grand Prix was a Formula One non-Championship race held on February 7 1981 at Kyalami. The staging of this event, with worldwide television coverage, helped persuade Balestre that FISA would have to negotiate a settlement with FOCA. As Mosley has commented since: "We were absolutely skint. If Balestre could have held the manufacturer's support for a little bit longer, the constructors would have been on their knees. The outcome would then have been very different. "^[46] Mosley helped resolve this debate by drawing up the Concorde Agreement. The Concorde Agreement is a contract between the FIA, the Formula One teams and Formula One Administration which dictates the terms by which The first (1981) version settled the dispute between the independent teams which were primarily UK based, the so-called grandee constructors (Alfa Romeo, Ferrari and Renault) and the FIA. Grandee is a word either to render in English the Iberic high aristocratic title 'Grande' used by the Spanish Portuguese and Brazilian peerage or by analogy to refer to other Alfa Romeo Automobiles SpA is an Italian Automaker founded in 1910 Scuderia Ferrari is the name for the Gestione Sportiva the division of the Ferrari automobile company concerned with racing This is about the company for other uses see Renault (disambiguation. Essentially it gave FISA control of the rules and FOCA control of promotion and television rights. The most recent version of the Concorde Agreement expired on 31 December 2007, and a new one is under active discussion. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. In 1982, the year after the first Concorde Agreement was signed, Mosley left his role at FOCA, and Formula One, to work for the Conservative Party. ^[23]

FISA presidency

Main article: Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile

Mosley returned to motorsport in 1986 to become president of the FISA Manufacturers' Commission and establish Simtek Research, a racing technical consultancy firm, with Nick Wirth, a former March employee. The Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA was the governing body for Motor racing events Simtek (Simulation Technology was an engineering consultancy firm and Formula One racing team Nick Wirth (born 26 March 1966) is the former owner of the Simtek He sold his share of Simtek in 1991, when elected president of the FISA, although Simtek later carried out research work for the FIA. ^[47]

In 1991, Mosley challenged the incumbent Jean-Marie Balestre for the presidency of FISA. Jean-Marie Balestre ( April 9, 1921 &ndash March 27, 2008) was a French auto racing executive who was president of FISA Mosley said that his decision to challenge the Frenchman was prompted by Brazilian driver Ayrton Senna's disqualification from the 1989 Japanese Grand Prix after a collision with his team mate Alain Prost: "What happened to Ayrton Senna two years ago in Japan, disgusted me, [. Ayrton Senna da Silva ( pronounced, March 21, 1960 &ndash May 1, 1994) was a Brazilian racing driver and triple The 1989 Japanese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Suzuka Circuit, Japan, on October 22, 1989. Alain Marie Pascal Prost, OBE (born 24 February 1955 is a French racing driver . . ] That is when I realised that Fisa [sic] was not a fair organisation. "^[48] Balestre was widely reported at the time to have intervened on behalf of his countryman Prost to ensure that the race stewards disqualified Senna from the race, although Lovell writes that he did not. ^[49] Mosley campaigned on the basis that Balestre, who was also president of the FIA and of the Fédération Française du Sport Automobile, could not effectively manage all these roles together. Mosley won by 43 votes to 29. He resigned a year later, fulfilling a promise made during his election campaign to seek a re-affirmation of his mandate. "I wanted to show people that I do what I say", he said. "Now they can judge me in a year's time. "^[50] FISA immediately re-elected him for a four-year term. Balestre remained as FIA president until 1993, when a restructuring of the FIA led to the demise of FISA.

FIA

Three-times WTCC Champion Andy Priaulx wearing the HANS device now mandated in FIA championships

Main article: Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile

In 1993 Mosley was elected president of the FIA, replacing Balestre. The World Touring Car Championship ( WTCC) is an international Touring Car championship organized by the FIA. Andrew Graham Priaulx, MBE (born Guernsey, 8 August 1974) is a racing driver European Touring Car Championship champion The FISA was then merged into the FIA as its sporting arm. Mosley was elected to his second term as president of the FIA in October 1997, his third in 2001 and fourth in 2005. ^[51][52] The FIA currently regulates not only the Formula One World Championship, the World Rally Championship, and the FIA GT Championship but also international motorsport generally, all of which appear on the FIA International Calendar. History Early The World Rally Championship was formed from well-known international rallies nine of which were previously part of the International Championship The FIA GT Championship is a Sports car racing series organized by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation (SRO at the behest of the Fédération Internationale de

Driver safety

After the deaths of drivers Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger at the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, worldwide media attention focused on the charismatic triple-world champion Senna, rather than Ratzenberger, a virtual unknown driving for the minor Simtek team. Ayrton Senna da Silva ( pronounced, March 21, 1960 &ndash May 1, 1994) was a Brazilian racing driver and triple Roland Ratzenberger ( July 4, 1960 &ndash April 30, 1994) was an Austrian Racing driver who died during qualifying for the The 1994 San Marino Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on May 1 1994 at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola, Italy. Mosley attended the funeral of Ratzenberger. In a press conference 10 years later Mosley said, "I went to his funeral because everyone went to Senna's. I thought it was important that somebody went to his. "^[53] As a result of these deaths and other serious accidents in the mid-1990s, Mosley brought in wide ranging changes to Formula One designed to make it a safer sport. These have included reducing the capacity and power of engines, the use of grooved tyres to reduce cornering speeds, the introduction of the HANS device to protect drivers' necks in accidents,^[54] circuit re-design and greatly increased requirements for crash testing of chassis. A crash test is a form of Destructive testing usually performed in order to ensure safe design standards in Crashworthiness and ^[55]

Environmental issues

Mosley has said that he wants Formula One to start developing green technology. Environmental technology (abbreviated as EnviroTech) or green technology (abbreviated as GreenTech) or clean technology (abbreviated as Continuing a theme of his presidency he has called for Formula One manufacturers to develop technology relevant to road cars. ^[56] In recent years, a large proportion of the enormous budget of Formula One has been spent on the development of very powerful, very high-revving engines, which some say have little applicability to road cars. Mosley has announced a 10-year freeze on the development of engines, which would allow manufacturers to spend more of their budgets on environmentally friendly technology such as the Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS). Environmental friendly, eco-friendly, and nature friendly are synonyms used to refer to Goods and services considered to inflict minimal harm A regenerative brake is a mechanism that reduces Vehicle speed by converting some of its Kinetic energy into another useful form of energy ^[57]

Tobacco advertising

From the late 1960s to the early 2000s, F1 teams were heavily dependent on funding from cigarette companies like Rothmans. Rothmans International plc was a British Tobacco manufacturer which was merged into British American Tobacco in 1998 Mosley was partly successfull in delaying European legislation to outlaw the practice.

In 1997, Mosley was involved in delaying European legislation banning tobacco advertising. The British Labour party had pledged to ban tobacco advertising in its manifesto ahead of its 1997 General Election victory, supporting a proposed European Union Directive banning tobacco advertising and sponsorship. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Tobacco advertising is the promotion of Tobacco use (typically Cigarette smoking) by the Tobacco industry through a variety of Results The election was fought under new boundaries with a net increase of eight seats compared to the 1992 election A directive is a legislative act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving ^[58] At this time all leading Formula One Teams carried significant branding from tobacco brands such as Rothmans, West, Marlboro and Mild Seven. Rothmans International plc was a British Tobacco manufacturer which was merged into British American Tobacco in 1998 West is a German Tobacco brand owned by the British company Imperial Tobacco. Marlboro is a brand of Cigarette made by Philip Morris USA (a branch of Altria) within the US and by Philip Morris International (now separate Mild Seven ( Japanese: マイルドセブン Mairudo Sebun; Traditional Chinese: 萬事發 Jyutping: Maan4 Si6 Faat3 Simplified Chinese The Labour Party's stance on banning tobacco advertising was reinforced following the election by forceful statements from the Health Secretary Frank Dobson and Minister for Public Health Tessa Jowell. Frank Gordon Dobson (born March 15, 1940) is a British Labour Party Politician. Tessa Jowell (born 17 September 1947 in London) is a British Politician. ^[59] Ecclestone appealed "over Jowell's head" to Jonathan Powell, Tony Blair's chief of staff, who arranged a meeting with Blair. Jonathan Powell (born 1956 served as chief of staff to British Prime Minister Tony Blair from his election in 1997 until his resignation in 2007 Ecclestone and Mosley, both Labour Party donors, met Blair on 16 October 1997. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Mosley argued that the proposed legislation was illegal by EU rules, that Formula One needed more time to find alternative sources of funding and that the prompt introduction of a ban would lead to races being held outside Europe, while the coverage, including tobacco logos, would still be broadcast into the EU. ^[60] He also argued that:

Motor racing was a world class industry which put Britain at the hi-tech edge. Deprived of tobacco money, Formula One would move abroad at the loss of 50,000 jobs, 150,000 part-time jobs and £900 million of exports. ^[59]

On 4 November the "fiercely anti-tobacco Jowell" argued in Brussels for an exemption for Formula One. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Media attention initially focused on Labour bending its principles for a "glamour sport" and on the "false trail" of Jowell's husband's links to the Benetton Formula One team. Benetton Formula Ltd, commonly referred to simply as Benetton, was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001. On 6 November correspondents from three newspapers inquired whether Labour had received any donations from Ecclestone; he had donated £1 million in January 1997. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with ^[59] On 11 November Labour promised to return the money on the advice of Sir Patrick Neill. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare ^[61] On 17 November Blair apologised for his government's mishandling of the affair and stated "the decision to exempt Formula One from tobacco sponsorship was taken two weeks later. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers It was in response to fears that Britain might lose the industry overseas to Asian countries who were bidding for it. "^[62]

The revised directive went into force on in June 1998, and banned sponsorship from 2003, with a further three year extension for "global sports such as Formula One". On 5 October 2000, the directive was successfully overturned in the European Court of Justice on the grounds that it was unlawful. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople ^[63] A new Tobacco Advertising Directive took effect in July 2005; The Financial Times described Mosley as "furious" about the fact that this was a year earlier than provided for under the 1998 directive. ^[64]

Road safety

Asked in a 2003 interview about his most enduring achievement as president of the FIA, Mosley replied: "I think using Formula One to push Encap Crash-Testing. "^[65] The European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP or Encap) is a European car safety performance assessment programme that originated with work done by the Transport Research Laboratory for the UK Department for Transport. The European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP is a European Car safety performance assessment programme founded in 1997 by the Transport Research Transport Research Laboratory (TRL is a British centre for transport research providing consultancy advice and solutions for a wide range of transport related issues In the United Kingdom, the Department for Transport (or DfT) ( Welsh: Adran am Drafnidiaeth) is the government department The FIA became involved in the programme in 1996, taking a lead in promoting it, and Mosley chaired the initiative from its launch as Euro NCAP in 1997 to 2004. Despite what NCAP describes as a "strong negative response" from car manufacturers, the initiative has expanded, and NCAP reports a clear increase in the safety of modern cars. ^[66]

At the Euro NCAP 10th Anniversary Conference in November 2005, Mosley suggested that "the moment has come where the emphasis really has to move from the improvement of the performance of the car in a crash, to the avoidance of the crash entirely. " He believes this can be achieved by much wider use of 'eSafety' technologies such as Electronic Stability Control (ESC). Electronic stability control ( ESC) is a computerized technology that improves the safety of a vehicle's handling by detecting and preventing skids ^[67] He has continued to promote the matter through his membership of initiatives such as CARS 21, the European Commission’s policy group aimed at improving the worldwide competitiveness of the European automotive industry.

In recognition of his contribution to road safety and motorsport Mosley was made a Chevalier dans l’Ordre de la Légion d’Honneur in 2006. The Legion d'Honneur (Legion of Honour) is France's highest decoration for outstanding achievements in military or civil life, a Chevalier (Knight) is the fifth class. ^[68]

Retirement

In June 2004, Mosley announced that he would step down from his position in October of that year. However, in July 2004 he rescinded his decision after the FIA Senate called for him to stay on. ^[69] His current term expires in October 2009^[52] although there was speculation that he would step down before that. Many insiders believed that Mosley's announced retirement was just part of a well crafted plan to strengthen his and Bernie Ecclestone's control over the sport, with Ron Dennis suggesting that it was due to Mosley's proposals for Formula One meeting opposition. Ron Dennis CBE (born June 1, 1947) is the Chairman, CEO and 15% owner of the McLaren Group. ^[70]

At the start of 2008, Mosley said that he wanted to see through reforms such as budget capping and new technologies like KERS successfully introduced into Formula One before retiring. He has been quoted as saying "Provided I remain relatively sane I won’t quit before October 2009. "^[71] In 2004, Mosley let it be known that he felt that Ferrari's then-team principal Jean Todt should succeed him as president of the FIA when he stepped down. Jean Todt (b February 25 1946 Pierrefort, France) is the executive director of Scuderia Ferrari, the Ferrari company's Formula One ^[72]

Criticism

During Mosley’s Presidency of the FIA there have been several controversial events that have often generated criticism and calls for him to resign. Of the criticism aimed at him Mosley has said: "I don’t mind flak – I come from a family where we have had flak all our lives – but I realise some people do. I love reading the blogs when they are being furious about me, it’s very entertaining, and there is the odd one which defends me. A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of But F1 simply cannot divorce itself from the zeitgeist. Zeitgeist ( pronounced) is a German language expression literally translated Zeit time; Geist spirit, meaning "the "^[71] Mosley and the FIA have been accused on several occasions in recent years by British journalists and Formula One team owners of favouring the Ferrari team through their judgements. ^[73] Mosley himself believes that "the line in the UK is – how could you be so beastly to [British team] McLaren? And the line on the continent is – you favour McLaren and [their driver] Hamilton, or you’re trying to make sure a Brit wins the championship. "^[13]

2005 United States Grand Prix

Main article: 2005 United States Grand Prix

Formula One Fans at the controversial 2005 United States Grand Prix holding a banner with the words "Blame Mosley"

The 2005 United States Grand Prix was run with only six cars, after the Michelin tyres used by the other 14 cars proved unsafe for the circuit. The 2005 United States Grand Prix was one of the most controversial The 2005 United States Grand Prix was one of the most controversial A proposal involving the addition of a temporary chicane to slow cars through the fastest corner of the circuit was rejected by Mosley. A chicane is a sequence of tight serpentine curves (usually an S-shape curve or a bus stop in a roadway used in Motor racing and ^[74] This effectively forced the teams running Michelin tyres to pull out for safety reasons. Paul Stoddart, the then-owner of the Minardi team, was prepared to compromise to accommodate Michelin teams - even though a reduced field would guarantee his team much needed points - and was particularly vocal in his criticism and renewed his calls for Mosley to resign. Paul Stoddart, born May 26, 1955, is an Australian millionaire airline magnate and former owner of the Minardi Formula One racing Minardi was an Automobile racing team and constructor founded in 1979 by Giancarlo Minardi. ^[75]

2007 Formula One espionage controversy

Main article: 2007 Formula One espionage controversy

The 2007 Formula One season was dominated by Ferrari's accusations that the McLaren team had made illegal use of their intellectual property, leading to legal cases in the United Kingdom and Italy. The 2007 Formula One espionage controversy also known as "Spygate" involves allegations that the McLaren Formula One team was passed confidential technical Pre-season testing Pre-season testing began in November 2006 at the Circuit de Catalunya, with ten of the eleven teams participating in the test sessions Intellectual property ( IP) is a legal field that refers to creations of the mind such as musical literary and artistic works inventions and symbols names Unlike previous cases, such as the Toyota team's illegal use of Ferrari intellectual property in 2004,^[76] the FIA investigated the case and eventually fined McLaren a net $100M and excluded the team from the 2007 constructors' championship. ^[77] Later in the year, the Renault team was found guilty by the FIA of possessing McLaren's intellectual property, but were not punished. 1970s and 1980s 1977 Renault first involvement in Formula One was made by the Renault Sport subsidiary ^[78] ITV commentator and Times columnist Martin Brundle was among those who criticised the FIA and Mosley for inconsistency; he subsequently received a writ for questioning the "energetic manner" in which he felt Mosley was pursuing McLaren. Career Early Formula One career His Formula One career began with Tyrrell in 1984 In Law, a writ is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial Jurisdiction. ^[79]

Following the alleged racist abuse aimed at McLaren's mixed-race driver Lewis Hamilton during testing ahead of the 2008 season, Mosley has said he will impose immediate sanctions if there is a repeat. Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton (born Stevenage, 7 January 1985 ^[80]

"Nazi orgy" allegations

On 30 March 2008 the News of the World, a British tabloid newspaper, reported that Mosley had engaged in sexual acts with five prostitutes in a scenario that involved Nazi role-playing. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The News of the World is a British Tabloid Newspaper published every Sunday A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German ^[81] The Times reported a call for his resignation from the director of the Holocaust Centre. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Sir Stirling Moss stated that despite his wish for Mosley to stay, he believed his position as FIA President to be untenable. Sir Stirling Craufurd Moss OBE (born September 17, 1929 in London) is a retired racing driver from England. ITV commentator and Sunday Times columnist Martin Brundle, who was recently the subject of a libel action brought by Mosley, said, "It's not appropriate behaviour for the head of any global body such as the FIA. Career Early Formula One career His Formula One career began with Tyrrell in 1984 "^[82] Mosley received the support of Bernie Ecclestone who said, "Assuming it's all true, what people do privately is up to them. Bernard Charles "Bernie" Ecclestone (born 28 October 1930 near Bungay Suffolk, England) is the president and CEO of I don't honestly believe [it] affects the sport in any way. Knowing Max it might be all a bit of a joke. You know, it's one of those things where he's sort of taking the piss, rather than anything against Jewish people. "^[82][83] On 31 March, Ecclestone continued to argue that Mosley should not resign, but said it would be inappropriate for him to attend the next F1 event, the 2008 Bahrain Grand Prix. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor The 2008 Gulf Air Bahrain Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race and was the third round of the 2008 Formula One season. ^[84]

Mosley responded to the allegations on 1 April in a letter sent to all presidents of the national FIA clubs, all members of the FIA Senate and the World Motor Sport Council. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne In the letter he apologises for "the embarrassment the revelations caused" and claims that the allegations are part of a "covert" operation to discredit him. He describes the claims that he took part in Nazi role-playing as "entirely false", and condemns what he calls the tabloid's "unwarranted invasion" of his privacy. ^[85] Mosley has said that he is pursuing legal action against the News of the World and succeeded in having a related video removed from the paper's website. ^[84] The clip was returned to the News of the World website on 9 April 2008 following the refusal of an injunction by the High Court. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common An injunction is an Equitable remedy in the form of a Court order, whereby a party is required to do or interact with in certain ways all right or to refrain from Mr Justice Eady said an order would make "little practical difference". ^[86]

On 3 April Sheikh Salman Bin Hamad Al-Khalifa, the Crown Prince of Bahrain, wrote to Mosley informing him that it would be inappropriate for the FIA president to attend the Bahrain Grand Prix. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Shaikh Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Crown Prince of Bahrain (الشيخ سلمان بن حمد آل خليفة (born 21 October 1974) is the Crown Prince ^[87] The same day BMW and Mercedes-Benz released a joint statement asking for a response from the FIA, the statement commented that "The content of the publications is disgraceful. ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916 Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the As a company, we strongly distance ourselves from it”. ^[88] Mosley responded to BMW and Mercedes by highlighting their involvement in the Second World War, adding “I fully understand why they would wish to strongly distance themselves from what they rightly describe as the disgraceful content of these publications”. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including He also questioned why neither BMW nor Mercedes had contacted him to ascertain if the allegations were true. ^[89] Honda asked the FIA to reach an "immediate decision in the best interests of F1 and Motorsport". () is a Multinational corporation, engine Manufacturer and engineering corporation headquartered in Japan. ^[90] Toyota was also critical of any "behaviour which could be seen to damage Formula One's image". (pronounced) is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Japan, and is currently the world's largest Automaker. ^[91]

Mosley has announced an extraordinary general assembly of the FIA to discuss the allegations surrounding his private life, to take place "on the earliest practicable date. "^[92] Some FIA member car clubs have expressed their opinions; Germany's ADAC asked Mosley to "reconsider" his position, Israel's MEMSI said it was "shocked" about the allegations, KNAF of the Netherlands announced its intention to vote for Mosley's resignation and The American Automobile Association said it "would be in the best interest of all concerned if he were to step down. The ADAC ( Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club eV) is Germany 's and Europe 's largest automobile club with 15290614 members in August 2005 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The AAA (usually read triple-A) formerly known as the American Automobile Association, is an American not-for-profit Automobile "^[93] A different opinion comes from the Brazilian motorsport federation, Confederação Brasileira De Automobilismo (CBA). Its president, Paulo Eneas Scaglione, has said that FIA President Max Mosley has a right to privacy in his private life and should go on and complete his mandate, if he chooses to do so. ^[94][93]

On April 9, the FIA announced that the extraordinary general assembly called earlier by Mosley would take place on June 3, and that the attendant motoring federations would hold a vote of confidence on his presidency. The vote is to be made by secret ballot. The secret ballot is a voting method in which a Voter 's choices are confidential ^[95]

An invitation to visit Israel was quickly recinded by the Israeli Ministry of Science, Culture and Sport after its minister, Galeb Majadle, asked the FIA president to visit Israel to advise them on how to bring the newly legalised motorsport industry in the country up to speed. The minister was apparantly unaware of the scandal at the time of the invitation. ^[96]

At the Spanish Grand Prix in late April, Bernie Ecclestone was reported to have held a meeting with 10 of the 11 Formula One team principals at which he asked them to sign a letter asking for Mosley to resign, offering to sign it himself if all agreed. Seven of the teams signed, with Williams, Toro Rosso and Ferrari declining. Some sources claim this is a prelude to replacing Mosley with former Ferrari boss Jean Todt. ^[97]

Mosley has appointed Phil Hall Associates to advise him on PR matters. Phil Hall may refer to Phil Hall (poet, Canadian poet Phil Hall (US writer, American writer Phil Hall (UK writer The company founder, Phil Hall, was the editor of the News of the World between 1995 and 2005 and former PR adviser to Heather Mills. Heather Anne Mills (born 12 January 1968 is an English charity campaigner and former model, and the ex-wife of musician Paul McCartney. ^[98]

On June 3, Mosley won the FIA vote of confidence. He received 103 votes in support of the motion of confidence and 55 against, with seven abstentions and four invalid votes. ^[99]

Dutch motoring body president Guido Van Woerkom speculated that smaller motoring bodies predominantly voted in Mosley’s favour saying "when you look at the McLaren fine, that is a lot of money, and when you get something from that you are more or less in favour of the people giving you that bread". ^[100]

On June 4, the president of Ferrari, Luca di Montezemolo, urged Mosley to resign, saying that "He should realise that sometimes it is necessary to say to yourself I have to leave for reasons of credibility". Luca Cordero di Montezemolo (born August 31, 1947) is an Italian businessman with an estimated net worth of 400 million dollars president of Ferrari Ferrari have always had a close relationship with the FIA and with its president, previously refusing to sign a letter asking for his removal. The next day, June 5th, di Montezemolo made a u-turn, saying how happy he was Mosley had been retained as FIA president. ^[101]

Citations

References

Books

• Dorril, Stephen (2006). Blackshirt. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-140-25821-9.  
• Grundy, Trevor (1999). Memoirs of a fascist childhood. Arrow Books. ISBN 0-09-927179-6.  
• Henry, Alan (1992). Alan Henry is widely regarded as the "grand old man" of British motorsport journalism having been a grand prix reporter since the early 1970s Driving Forces: fifty men who have shaped motor racing. Yeovil: Patrick Stephens Limited. ISBN 1-85260-302-X.  
• Jones, Nigel (2004). Mosley. Haus Publishing Ltd. . ISBN 1-904341-09-8.  
• Lawrence, Mike (1989). The Story of March - Four guys and a telephone. Aston Publications Ltd. . ISBN 0-946627-24-X.  
• Lovell, Terry (2004). Bernie's Game. Metro Books. ISBN 1843580861.  
• Mosley, Oswald (1970). My Life. London: Nelson. ISBN 0-904816-00-1.  
• Nye, Doug (1986). Doug Nye born 1946 is a motoring journalist and author He lives in Surrey, England Autocourse history of the Grand Prix car 1966–85. Hazleton publishing. ISBN 0-905138-37-6.  
• Rawnsley, Andrew (2001). Andrew Nicholas James Rawnsley (born January 5, 1962) is a British political journalist and broadcaster Servants of The People. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-140-27850-8.  

Newspapers

• Howell, Norman. "Mosley optimistic in challenge to president of Fisa", The Times, October 9, 1991. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.  
• Howell, Norman. "Balestre deposed as Fisa president", The Times, October 10, 1991. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.  
• "Union Movement choice for Moss Side", The Times, September 26, 1961, p. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.  7.  

External links

• Max Mosley interview on HARDtalk BBC 31 October 2007. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
• The main men in F1 BBC 11 October 2004
• Mosley will have to go - Stewart BBC 28 April 2008
• Letter from Max Mosley to all FIA Club Presidents