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Max Ernst

Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning in 1948
Born April 2, 1891(1891-04-02)
Brühl, Germany
Died April 1, 1976 (aged 84)
Paris, France
Nationality German
Field painting, sculpture, poetry
Movement Dada, Surrealism

Max Ernst (2 April 1891 - 1 April 1976) was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet, considered one of the chief representatives of Dadaism and Surrealism. Dorothea Tanning (born August 25 1910) is an American painter printmaker sculptor and writer Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Brühl is a city in Germany, located 20 km south of Cologne, in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e For other meanings see Dada (disambiguation DaDa is a Concept album by Alice Cooper, released Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e A graphic designer (also known as a graphic artist and communication designer) is a professional within the Graphic design and Graphic arts industry A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" For other meanings see Dada (disambiguation DaDa is a Concept album by Alice Cooper, released Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members

Contents

Early life

Max Ernst was born in Brühl, Germany, near Cologne. Brühl is a city in Germany, located 20 km south of Cologne, in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. In 1909, he enrolled in the University at Bonn to study philosophy but soon abandoned the courses. Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia He began painting that year, but never received any formal artistic training. [1] During World War I he served in the German army, which was a momentous interruption in his career as an artist. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All He stated in his autobiography, "Max Ernst died the 1st of August, 1914. "

Dada & Surrealism

After the war, filled with new ideas, Ernst, Jean Arp and social activist Alfred Grünwald, formed the Cologne, Germany Dada group. Johannes Theodor Baargeld was a pseudonym of Alfred Emanuel Ferdinand Grünwald ( October 9 1892 - August 16 or 17 1927 a German Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For other meanings see Dada (disambiguation DaDa is a Concept album by Alice Cooper, released In 1918 he married the art historian Luise Straus - a stormy relationship that would not last. The couple had a son who was born in 1920, the artist Jimmy Ernst. Jimmy Ernst (born Hans-Ulrich Ernst) ( June 24, 1920 - February 6, 1984) was an American painter born in Germany (Luise died in Auschwitz in 1944. "Auschwitz" redirects here For the town see Oświęcim Auschwitz-Birkenau () was the largest of Nazi Germany [2]) In 1919 Ernst visited Paul Klee and created paintings, block prints and collages, and experimented with mixed media. A collage (From the coller to glue is a work of formal art primarily in the Visual arts, made from an assemblage of different forms thus creating a new whole Mixed media, in Visual art, refers to an artwork in the making of which more than one medium has been employed

In 1922, he joined fellow Dadaists André Breton, Gala, Tristan Tzara, Paul Éluard at the artistic community of Montparnasse. André Breton (in French ɑ̃dʀe bʀəˈtɔ̃ ( February 19, 1896 &ndash September 28, 1966) was a French Writer, Gala Dalí ( &ndash 10 June, 1982) usually known simply as Gala, was the wife of first Paul Éluard, then Salvador Dalí, Tristan Tzara (born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S Paul Éluard was the Pen name of Eugène Émile Paul Grindel ( 14 December 1895 – 18 November 1952) a French [1] Constantly experimenting, in 1925 he invented a graphic art technique called frottage, which uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of images. In Art, frottage (from French frotter, "to rub" is a surrealist and "automatic" method of creative production developed by

Max Ernst, Ubu Imperator, (1921), Musee National d'Art Moderne, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France
Max Ernst, Ubu Imperator, (1921), Musee National d'Art Moderne, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France

The next year he collaborated with Joan Miró on designs for Sergei Diaghilev. Centre Georges Pompidou (constructed 1971–1977 and known as the Pompidou Centre in English) is a complex in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement Centre Georges Pompidou (constructed 1971–1977 and known as the Pompidou Centre in English) is a complex in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Joan Miró i Ferrà ( April 20, 1893 &ndash December 25, 1983) was an ethnic Catalan (of Spanish nationality Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (Серге́й Па́влович Дя́гилев / Sergei Pavlovich Dyagilev) also referred to as Serge, ( March 31, With Miró's help, Ernst pioneered grattage in which he troweled pigment from his canvases. Surrealism in Art, Poetry, and Literature utilizes numerous unique techniques and games to provide inspiration He also explored with the technique of decalcomania which involves pressing paint between two surfaces. Decalcomania, from the French décalcomanie, is a decorative technique by which engravings and prints may be transferred to pottery or other materials [3]

Max Ernst, Europe After the Rain II, (1940-1942)
Max Ernst, Europe After the Rain II, (1940-1942)

Ernst developed a fascination with birds that was prevalent in his work. His alter ego in paintings, which he called Loplop, was a bird. Loplop is the name of Bird /birdlike character featured in prints Collages and Paintings by artist Max Ernst. He suggested this alter-ego was an extension of himself stemming from an early confusion of birds and humans. He said his sister was born soon after his bird died. Loplop often appeared in collages of other artists' work, such as Loplop presents André Breton. Ernst drew a great deal of controversy with his 1926 painting The Virgin Chastises the infant Jesus before Three Witnesses: André Breton, Paul Éluard, and the Painter. [4] In 1927 he married Marie-Berthe Aurenche, and it is thought his relationship with her may have inspired the erotic subject matter of The Kiss and other works of this year. [5] In 1930, he appeared in the film "L'âge d'or" directed jointly by Salvador Dalí and Luis Buñuel. L'Âge d'Or ( The Golden Age) is a 1930 surrealist Film directed by Luis Buñuel and written by Buñuel and Salvador Ernst began to make sculpture in 1934, and spent time with Alberto Giacometti. Alberto Giacometti ( October 10, 1901 – January 11, 1966) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman, In 1938, the American heiress and artistic patron Peggy Guggenheim acquired a number of Max Ernst's works which she displayed in her new museum in London. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Patronage is the support encouragement privilege and often financial aid given by a person or an organization Peggy Guggenheim ( August 26, 1898 – December 23, 1979) was an American Art collector London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

World War II and after

Max Ernst, L'Ange du Foyer, (1937)
Max Ernst, L'Ange du Foyer, (1937)

In 1938 he was interned in Camp des Milles, near Aix-en-Provence along with fellow surrealist, Hans Bellmer, who had recently emigrated to Paris on the outbreak of World War II. Hans Bellmer ( 13 March[[ 902]] Katowice, Silesia, &ndash 23 February 1975 Paris, France) was an artist best World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Thanks to the intercession of Paul Eluard, and other friends including the journalist Varian Fry he was discharged a few weeks later. Paul Éluard was the Pen name of Eugène Émile Paul Grindel ( 14 December 1895 – 18 November 1952) a French Varian Mackey Fry (October 15 1907 &ndash September 13 1967 was a Taft School and Harvard University educated American Journalist who ran Soon after the Nazi occupation of France, he was arrested again, this time by the Gestapo, but managed to escape and flee to America with the help of Guggenheim. [1] He left behind his lover, Leonora Carrington, and she suffered a major mental breakdown. Leonora Carrington (born April 6 1917) is a British -born artist a surrealist painter and while living in Mexico, a novelist Ernst and Guggenheim arrived in the United States in 1941 and were married the following year. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Along with other artists and friends (Marcel Duchamp and Marc Chagall) who had fled from the war and lived in New York City, Ernst helped inspire the development of Abstract expressionism. Marcel Duchamp (maʀsɛl dyˈʃɑ̃ (28 July 1887 &ndash 2 October 1968 was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist Marc Chagall (מאַרק שאַגאַל&lrm Belarusian: Мойша Захаравіч Шагалаў Mojša Zaharavič Šagałaŭ; Russian: Марк The City of New York Abstract expressionism was an American post– World War II Art movement.

His marriage to Guggenheim did not last, and in Beverly Hills, California in October of 1946, in a double ceremony with Man Ray and Juliet Browner, he married Dorothea Tanning. Man Ray, born Emmanuel Radnitzky ( August 27 1890 &ndash November 18 1976) in Philadelphia PA and raised Dorothea Tanning (born August 25 1910) is an American painter printmaker sculptor and writer The couple first made their home in Sedona, Arizona. For the Kia Motors Sedona automobile see Kia Carnival Sedona (sɨˈdoʊnə is a city and community that straddles In 1948 Ernst wrote the treatise Beyond Painting. As a result of the publicity, he began to achieve financial success.

In 1953 he and Tanning moved to a small town in the south of France where he continued to work. The City, and the Galeries Nationales du Grand-Palais in Paris published a complete catalogue of his works.

Ernst died on 1 April 1976, in Paris. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city [1] He was interred there at the Père Lachaise Cemetery

Selected works

Ernst sculpture on display at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in Denmark
Ernst sculpture on display at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in Denmark
Max-Ernst-Museum Brühl
Max-Ernst-Museum Brühl

Ernst in modern culture

Legacy

Ernst's son Jimmy and his grandson Eric are both artists and writers. Jimmy Ernst (born Hans-Ulrich Ernst) ( June 24, 1920 - February 6, 1984) was an American painter born in Germany Jimmy Ernst died in 1984 and was a well known German/American abstract expressionist painter, who lived on the south shore of Long Island. Abstract expressionism was an American post– World War II Art movement. Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches His memoirs, A Not-So-Still Life, were published shortly before his death.

In 2005, "Max Ernst: A Retrospective" opened at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and included works such as Celebes (1921), Ubu Imperator (1923), and Fireside Angel (1937), which is one of the few definitively political pieces and is sub-titled The Triumph of Surrealism depicting a raging bird-like creature that symbolizes the wave of fascism that took over Europe. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an art museum located on the eastern edge of Central Park, along what is known as Museum Mile in New York City, Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology The exhibition also includes Ernst's works that experiment with free association writing and the techniques of frottage, created from a rubbing from a textured surface; grattage, involving scratching at the surface of a painting; and decalcomania, which involves altering a wet painting by pressing a second surface against it and taking it away. Surrealism in Art, Poetry, and Literature utilizes numerous unique techniques and games to provide inspiration Decalcomania, from the French décalcomanie, is a decorative technique by which engravings and prints may be transferred to pottery or other materials [6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Olga's Gallery. Max Ernst biography.
  2. ^ de:Luise Straus-Ernst
  3. ^ Max Ernst working in decalcomania is in shown in the 1978 documentary on the Dada and Surrealist art movement, Europe After the Rain.
  4. ^ Image: The Blessed Virgin Chastises the Infant Jesus Before Three Witnesses: A.B., P.E. and the Artist
  5. ^ Flint, Lucy, Guggenheim Collection. The Kiss (Le Baiser).
  6. ^ A Max Ernst Retrospective Opens Today in NY, ARTINFO, April 7, 2005, <http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/117/a-max-ernst-retrospective-opens-today-in-ny/>. Retrieved on 23 April 2008 

Bibliography

External links

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