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In this Japanese name, the family name is Matsudaira. in modern times usually consist of a Family name ( Surname) followed by a Given name. A family name or last name is a type of Surname and part of a person's name indicating the family to which the person belongs
Matsudaira Sadanobu
In office
1783 – 1812
Preceded by Matsudaira Sadakuni
Succeeded by Matsudaira Sadanaga
Born January 15, 1759(1759-01-15)
Edo, Japan
Died June 14, 1829 (aged 70)
Nationality Japanese

Matsudaira Sadanobu (松平 定信?) (January 15, 1759-June 14, 1829) Japanese daimyo of the mid-Edo period, famous for his financial reforms which saved the Shirakawa Domain, and the similar reforms he undertook during his tenure as chief senior councilor (rōju shuza; 老中首座) of the Tokugawa Shogunate, from 1787 to 1793. The was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Mutsu Province. Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year literally bay - Door, " Estuary " edo once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings The was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Mutsu Province. The, usually translated as Elder, was one of the highest-ranking government posts in Tokugawa Japan. The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of

Contents

Early life

Sadanobu was born in Edo Castle on January 15, 1759, into the Tayasu branch of the Tokugawa house. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The was a powerful Daimyo family of Japan. They descended from Emperor Seiwa (850-880 and were a branch of the Minamoto clan (Seiwa Genji by the The Tayasu was one of the gosankyō, the seniormost of the lesser cadet branches of the Shogun's family, which still bore the name Tokugawa (instead of the cadet branches which had the Matsudaira surname). The were three branches of the Tokugawa clan of Japan. They were descended from the eighth of the fifteen Tokugawa shoguns Yoshimune (1684&ndash1751 [1] His father was Tayasu Munetake, the son of the reform-minded eighth shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune. was the eighth Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745 [2] The Tayasu house stood apart from the other cadet branches resident in Edo Castle, living a more austere lifestyle, following the example set by Yoshimune-in Munetake's words, the praise of manly spirit (masuraoburi) as opposed to feminine spirit (taoyameburi). [3] It also set itself apart from the other branches due to its history of thwarted political ambition—the founder, Munetake, had hoped to become his father's heir, but was passed over for Yoshimune's eldest son, Ieshige. As a result, Sadanobu was brought up from a very young age with the hopes of being placed as the next shogunal heir. His education was very thorough, being done along Confucian lines, and by his teens Sadanobu had already read and memorized much of the Confucian canon. As he matured, there was a further onus on Sadanobu for success as several members of the Tayasu house began to die young. Further attempts were made by the family to place Sadanobu as the next shogunal heir, but they were thwarted by the political clique of Tanuma Okitsugu, who was then in power as the chief rōjū. ( September 11, 1719, Edo, Japan - August 25, 1788, Edo was a Rōjū (government official

Career

Following the last failed attempt at adoption by the shogun, Sadanobu was adopted by Matsudaira Sadakuni, head of one of the Hisamatsu-Matsudaira houses (another Tokugawa cadet branch), which ruled the Shirakawa Domain in southern (Mutsu Province with an assessment of 110,000 koku), succeeding to headship in late 1783 following his stepfather's protracted illness. was an old province of Japan, made up of the present-day prefectures of Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate and Aomori, and the municipalities KOKU (1003 FM, "Hit Radio 100" is a Radio station in the United States territory of Guam. [4] He was immediately faced with his domain's economically disastrous position: of 110,000 koku that it was supposed to be able to produce, 108,600 had been reported "lost". [5] Sadanobu worked ceaselessly to fix the economic situation in Shirakawa, finally saving it and bringing its finances and agriculture back to stability. These reforms, coupled with Sadanobu's continued political maneuvering, brought him fame, and he was named chief councilor of the Shogunate in the summer of 1787, and regent to the 11th shogun Tokugawa Ienari early the following year. Tokugawa Ienari; 徳川 家斉 ( November 18, 1773 &ndash March 22, 1841) was the eleventh Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate [6]

This period of Sadanobu's strengthening of the already faltering Tokugawa regime is known as the Kansei Reforms. The were a series of reactionary policy changes and edicts which were intended to cure a range of perceived problems which had developed in mid-18th century Tokugawa Japan His policies could as well be construed as a reactionary response to the execesses of his precedessor under Shogun Ieharu. [7] He recovered the finances of the Shogunate to some extent, and had some success in rescuing its reputation. However, following the Title Incident and the visit of Adam Laxman, Sadanobu's credibility and popularity in the Tokugawa bureaucracy became overtaxed, and true to the suggestion in his autobiography that "one should retire before discontent sets in," he resigned. Adam Kirillovich (Erikovich Laxman (Адам Кириллович (Эрикович Лаксман ( 1766 - 1806? Finland-Swedish military officer and one of the [8]

Literary Skill

Aside from his political reforms, Sadanobu was also known as a writer and a moralist, working under the pen name Rakuō (楽翁). Some of his notable texts include Uge no Hitokoto, Tōzen Manpitsu, Kanko-dōri, Kagetsutei Nikki, Seigo, and Ōmu no Kotoba, among others. [9] Some time after his passing, it was discovered that he had written a satirical text parodying daimyo life, titled Daimyō Katagi. Scholars have since been somewhat taken aback by this discovery, since the text falls into the category of gesaku, which Sadanobu officially opposed. is an alternative style genre or school of Japanese literature.

Later Years

Though Sadanobu resigned from his position on the senior council, he continued to keep up with political affairs, especially keeping in close touch with Matsudaira Nobuaki (his successor in the senior council), as well as the rector of the Shogunate's college, Hayashi Jussai, whom he had personally installed in that position. ( August 10, 1768 – August 30, 1841) was a Japanese Neo-Confucian scholar of the Edo period. [10] During these last few years of his rule in Shirakawa, he was also involved in matters of national defense, taking up security duties on the Boso Peninsula in 1810 together with Matsudaira Katahiro of Aizu. Bōsō Peninsula (房総半島 Bōsō-hantō) is a Peninsula in Chiba prefecture on Honshū, the largest island of Japan. ( October 30, 1803 - April 20, 1822) was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period, who ruled the Aizu domain. is an area comprising the westernmost third of Fukushima Prefecture in Japan. [11] In domainal matters, Sadanobu continued to devote himself to the reforms he had established, as well as to education. [8] He retired from the family headship in 1819, and was succeeded by his son Sadanaga. [8] Sadanobu died in 1829, and according to his will, his son petitioned the Yoshida family in Kyoto to grant him the deified title of Shukoku-daimyōjin. [8] This was granted in three stages, in 1833, 1834, and 1855. [12] Sadanobu was enshrined together with the Hisamatsu founder Sadatsuna, Sugawara Michizane, and two other figures, in the Chinkoku-Shukoku shrine. Sugawara no Michizane (菅原道真 845 - March 26, 903) also known as Kan Shōjō (菅丞相 a grandson of Sugawara no Kiyotomo [13] This shrine has branches both in Kuwana, where Sadanaga was transferred, and in Sadanobu's former fief of Shirakawa, where the shrine was built in 1918. [13]

One of Sadanaga's sons, Itakura Katsukiyo, became almost as famous as his grandfather in the late Edo era, due to his attempted reforms of the Shogunate. ( February 14, 1823 - April 6, 1889) was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period.

References

  1. ^ Ooms, Herman. (1975). Charismatic Bureaucrat: A Political Biography of Matsudaira Sadanobu, 1758-1829, p. 17.
  2. ^ Ooms, p. 17.
  3. ^ Ooms, p. 19.
  4. ^ Ooms, p. 17, 50.
  5. ^ Ooms, p. 50.
  6. ^ Totman, Conrad. (1988) Politics in the Tokugawa Bakufu, 1600-1843, p. 224.
  7. ^ Hall, J. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu: Forerunner of Modern Japan, 1719-1788. pp. 131-142.
  8. ^ a b c d Ooms, p. 152.
  9. ^ Ooms, p. 25.
  10. ^ Ooms, p. 144.
  11. ^ Ooms, pp. 151-152
  12. ^ Ooms, p. 44n; 155.
  13. ^ a b Ooms, p. 44n


External links

Preceded by
Matsudaira Sadakuni		 3rd Lord of Shirakawa
(Hisamatsu-Matsudaira)
1783-1812		 Succeeded by
Matsudaira Sadanaga
The was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Mutsu Province. Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
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