In biology, mating is the pairing of opposite-sex or hermaphroditic internal fertilization animals for copulation and, in social animals, also to raise their offspring. Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles An organism's sex is defined by the gametes it produces males produce male gametes (spermatozoa or Sperm) while females produce female gametes (ova or Egg cells; individual A hermaphrodite is an organism having both male and female reproductive organs Internal fertilization is a form of Animal fertilization of an Ovum by Spermatozoon within the body of an inseminated animal whether female or hermaphroditic A social animal is a loosely defined term for an Organism that is highly interactive with other members of its Species to the point of having a recognizable In Biology, offspring are the product of Reproduction, a new Organism produced by one or more Parents Collective offspring may be known Mating methods include random mating, disassortative mating, assortative mating, or a mating pool. A panmictic population is one where all individuals are potential partners Disassortative sexual selection is a form of Sexual selection in which one sex chooses the other in such a way that the offspring benefits from the diversity of the parental Assortative mating (also called assortative pairing) takes place when sexually reproducing Organisms tend to Mate with individuals that are like A mating pool is a concept used in Evolutionary computation. Typically virtual populations are usually treated as a whole
In some birds, for example, it includes nest-building and feeding offspring. A nest is a place of refuge to hold an animal's eggs and/or provide a place to raise their offspring Nutrition (also called nourishment or aliment) is the provision to cells and Organisms of the materials necessary (in the form of food to support The human practice of making domesticated animals mate and of artificially inseminating them is part of animal husbandry. Domestication (from Latin domesticus) refers to the process whereby a Population of Animals AIH redirects here For the indie rock band abbreviated AIH see Architecture in Helsinki Artificial insemination (AI is the process by which Animal husbandry, also called Animal science, stockbreeding or simple husbandry, is the agricultural practice of breeding
Copulation is the union of the sex organs of two sexually reproducing animals for insemination and subsequent internal fertilization. A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, as narrowly defined is any of the anatomical parts of the body which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute The Evolution of sexual reproduction is a major puzzle The first Fossilized evidence of sexually reproducing Organisms is from Eukaryotes of the Stenian Insemination is the introduction of sperm into the female Uterus of a Mammal or the Oviduct of an Oviparous (egg-laying animal during Internal fertilization is a form of Animal fertilization of an Ovum by Spermatozoon within the body of an inseminated animal whether female or hermaphroditic The two individuals may be of opposite sexes or hermaphroditic, as is the case with, for example, snails. A hermaphrodite is an organism having both male and female reproductive organs The word snail is a Common name that can be used for almost all members of the Molluscan class Gastropoda which have coiled shells in the
In some terrestrial arthropods, including insects representing basal (primitive) phylogenetic clades, the male deposits spermatozoa on the substrate, sometimes stored within a special structure, and courtship involves inducing the female to take up the sperm package into her genital opening; there is no actual copulation. Terrestrial animals are Animals that live predominantly or entirely on land as compared with Aquatic animals which live predominantly or entirely in the water (e Arthropods are Animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, " Joint " Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described In Phylogenetics, a basal Clade is the earliest clade to branch in a larger clade it appears at the base of a cladogram A spermatozoon or spermatozoan ( pl spermatozoa) from the Ancient Greek σπέρμα (seed and ζῷον (living being and more commonly known Courtship is the traditional dating period before engagement and marriage In groups such as dragonflies and many spiders, males extrude sperm into secondary copulatory structures removed from their genital opening, which are then used to inseminate the female (in dragonflies, it is a set of modified sternites on the second abdominal segment; in spiders, it is the male pedipalps). Anisoptera redirects here For the genus of trees see Anisoptera (tree. Spiders are Predatory Invertebrate Animals that have two body segments, eight legs no chewing mouth parts and no wings The sternum (pl "sterna" is the Ventral portion of a segment of an Arthropod Thorax or Abdomen. Pedipalps, are the second pair of Appendages of the Prosoma in the subphylum Chelicerata. In advanced groups of insects, the male uses its aedeagus, a structure formed from the terminal segments of the abdomen, to deposit sperm directly (though sometimes in a capsule called a "spermatophore") into the female's reproductive tract. An aedeagus (plural aedeagi) is a reproductive organ of male Insects through which they secrete Sperm from the Testes during Copulation A spermatophore is a capsule or mass created by males of various Animal species containing Spermatozoa and transferred in entirety to the female's Ovipore
Many other animals reproduce sexually with external fertilization, including many basal vertebrates. Primitive is a descriptive term often used in the field of Evolution to describe particular Species or traits that are characteristic of an older evolutionary Vertebrates are members of the Subphylum Vertebrata, Chordates with backbones or spinal columns The grouping sometimes includes Many vertebrates (such as reptiles, some fish, and most birds) reproduce with internal fertilization through cloacal copulation (see also hemipenis), while mammals copulate vaginally. Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia are air-breathing Cold-blooded Vertebrates that have skin covered in scales as opposed to hair or feathers Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. In zoological anatomy a cloaca is the posterior opening that serves as the only such opening for the intestinal and urinary tracts of certain animal species A hemipenis (plural hemipenes) is one of a pair of Intromittent organs of male squamates ( Snakes Lizards and worm lizards. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands The vagina (from Latin, literally " Sheath " or " Scabbard " is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the Uterus
- See also: Animal sexuality
In humans, unlike most animals, copulation may or may not be related to reproduction. Animal sexual behaviour takes many different forms even within the same Species. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus In most cases people copulate for pleasure; this behaviour is also seen in some animal species, for example chimpanzees and especially bonobos are known to copulate when the female is not fertile, presumably for pleasure, which in turn strengthens social bonds. Chimpanzee (often shortened to chimp) is the common name for the two extant Species of Apes in the Genus Pan. The Bonobo (bə'noʊboʊ Pan paniscus) until recently usually called the Pygmy Chimpanzee (and less often the Dwarf or Gracile Chimpanzee See also sexual intercourse and human sexual behavior. Sexual intercourse, in its biological sense is the act in which the male reproductive organ (in humans and other higher animals enters the female reproductive tract Human sexual behavior or different human sexual practices encompass a wide range of activities such as strategies to find or attract partners ( Mating and display
- See also: Human sexuality
Like in animals, mating in other eukaryotes, such as plants and fungi, denotes sexual conjugation. Generally speaking human sexuality is how people experience and express themselves as sexual beings Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. A fungus (ˈfʌŋgəs is a eukaryotic Organism that is a member of the kingdom Fungi (ˈfʌndʒaɪ However, in vascular plants this is mostly achieved without physical contact between mating individuals (see pollination), and in some cases, e. Pollination in angiosperms and Gymnosperms is the process that transfers pollen grains, which contain the male Gametes (sperm to where the female g. , in fungi no distinguishable male or female organs exist (see isogamy); however, mating types in some fungal species are somewhat analogous to sexual dimorphism in animals, and determine whether or not two individual isolates can mate. Isogamy refers to a form of Sexual reproduction involving Gametes of the same size Mating types occur in Eukaryotes that undergo Sexual reproduction via Isogamy. Sexual dimorphism is the systematic difference in form between individuals of different Sex in the same Species.
- See also: Plant sexuality
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Plant sexuality covers the wide variety of Sexual reproduction systems found across the Plant kingdom Animal husbandry, also called Animal science, stockbreeding or simple husbandry, is the agricultural practice of breeding Animal sexual behaviour takes many different forms even within the same Species. Interpersonal attraction (known as biological attraction in animals is the attraction between people which leads to Friendships and romantic Lordosis behavior, or Mammalian lordosis, is a sexual response in Mammals such as mice and Cats that consists of a Ventral arching In Sociobiology and Behavioural ecology, a mating system is any of the ways in which animal societies are structured in relation to sexual behavior Reproduction is the Biological process by which new individual Organisms are produced Sexual conflict occurs when the two Sexes have conflicting optimal fitness strategies concerning Reproduction, leading to Evolutionary arms race A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an Organism. Heterosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the opposite sex or to a heterosexual orientation This article focuses upon reproduction of domestic dogs Reproduction within other types of canid is not covered at present Dog breeding is the practice of mating selected specimens with the intent to maintain or produce specific qualities and characteristics Horse breeding refers to reproduction in Horses and particularly the human-directed process of Selective breeding of animals particularly Purebred Sheep husbandry is the raising and breeding of Domestic sheep, and a subcategory of Animal husbandry.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic