Mathematical puzzle - Citizendia

This article is about puzzles that require mathematics in order to solve them. Often mathematical puzzles are referred to as mathematical games, but here mathematical games such as tic-tac-toe are multiplayer games whose rules, strategies, and outcomes can be studied and explained by mathematics. This article is about using Mathematics to study the inner-workings of Multiplayer games which on the surface may not appear mathematical at all This article is about using Mathematics to study the inner-workings of Multiplayer games which on the surface may not appear mathematical at all A multiplayer game is a Game which is played by several players. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Note that the players may not need to use mathematics in order to play mathematical games.

Mathematical puzzles make up an integral part of recreational mathematics. Recreational mathematics is an umbrella term referring to Mathematical puzzles and Mathematical games. They have specific rules as do multiplayer games, but they do not usually involve competition between two or more players. A multiplayer game is a Game which is played by several players. Instead, in order to solve such a puzzle, the solver must find a solution that satisfies the given conditions. A puzzle is a Problem or Enigma that challenges Ingenuity. In a basic puzzle one is intended to piece together objects in a logical way in order to

Mathematical puzzles require mathematics in order to solve them. Logic puzzles are a common type of mathematical puzzle. A logic puzzle is a Puzzle deriving from the Mathematics field of Deduction.

Conway's Game of Life and fractals, as two examples, may also be considered mathematical puzzles even though the solver interacts with them only at the beginning by providing a set of initial conditions. "Conway game" can refer to games as defined by Surreal numbers which Conway also developed A fractal is generally "a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be split into parts each of which is (at least approximately a reduced-size copy of the whole" After these conditions are set, the rules of the puzzle determine all subsequent changes and moves.

1 List of mathematical puzzles
2 External links

List of mathematical puzzles

The following categories are not disjoint; some puzzles fall into more than one category.

Numbers, arithmetic, and algebra

Tiling, packing, and disection

Involves a board

Chessboard tasks

Topology, knots, graph theory

The fields of knot theory and topology, especially their non-intuitive conclusions, are often seen as a part of recreational mathematics. Four fours is a Mathematical puzzle. The goal of four fours is to find the simplest Mathematical expression for every Whole number from 0 to some maximum Physicist Richard Feynman sent the following puzzle for his father attached to a letter to his mother in 1939 The pirate game is a simple Mathematical game. It illustrates how if assumptions conforming to a Homo economicus model of human behaviour hold outcomes Verbal arithmetic, also known as alphametics, cryptarithmetic, crypt-arithmetic, or cryptarithm, is a type of Mathematical game consisting A cross-figure (also variously called cross number puzzle or figure logic) is a Puzzle similar to a Crossword in structure but with entries A cryptogram is a type of puzzle which consists of a short piece of encrypted text The n -puzzle is known in various versions including the 8 puzzle, the 15 puzzle, and with various names The Rubik's Cube is a Mechanical puzzle invented in 1974 by Hungarian Sculptor and Professor of Architecture Ernő Rubik A mechanical puzzle is a Puzzle presented as a set of mechanically interlinked pieces is a Logic -based number-placement Puzzle. The objective is to fill a 9×9 grid so that each column each row and each of the nine 3×3 boxes (also called blocks The Think-a-Dot was a Mathematical toy made by ESR Inc during the 1960s that demonstrated Group theory. The Tower of Hanoi or Towers of Hanoi (also known as The Towers of Bramha) is a Mathematical game or Puzzle. Ant on a rubber rope is a Mathematical puzzle with a solution that appears counter-intuitive or paradoxical The Monty Hall problem is a Probability puzzle loosely based on the American television game show Let's Make a Deal. The mutilated chessboard problem is a Tiling puzzle introduced by Martin Gardner in his Scientific American column " Mathematical Games Packing problems are one area where Mathematics meets Puzzles ( Recreational mathematics) A pentomino is a Polyomino composed of five ( Greek πέντε / pente) congruent squares connected orthogonally. Tangram ( is a Dissection puzzle. It consists of seven pieces called tans, which fit together to form a shape of some sort The Slothouber–Graatsma puzzle is a packing problem that calls for packing six 1 × 2 × 2 blocks and three 1 × 1 × 1 blocks into a 3 × 3 × 3 box Conway's puzzle is a Packing problem using rectangular blocks named after its inventor mathematician John Conway. The Bedlam cube is a Solid dissection puzzle invented by Bruce Bedlam Soma-cube-assembledjpg|thumb|none|The same puzzle assembled into a cube]]The Soma cube is a solid dissection puzzle invented by "Conway game" can refer to games as defined by Surreal numbers which Conway also developed is a Logic -based number-placement Puzzle. The objective is to fill a 9×9 grid so that each column each row and each of the nine 3×3 boxes (also called blocks The mutilated chessboard problem is a Tiling puzzle introduced by Martin Gardner in his Scientific American column " Mathematical Games Peg solitaire is a Board game for one player involving movement of pegs on a board with holes The eight queens puzzle is the problem of putting eight Chess queens on an 8×8 chessboard such that none of them is able to capture any other using the standard chess The Knight's Tour is a mathematical problem involving a knight on a Chessboard. In Mathematics, in the area of Discrete geometry, the no-three-in-line -problem introduced by Henry Dudeney in 1917 asks for the maximum number of points In Mathematics, knot theory is the area of Topology that studies mathematical knots While inspired by knots which appear in daily life in shoelaces Topology ( Greek topos, "place" and logos, "study" is the branch of Mathematics that studies the properties of

Mechanical

Main article: Mechanical puzzle

0-player puzzles

Other

External links

Historical Math Problems/Puzzles at Convergence

A disentanglement puzzle is a type of Mechanical puzzle that involves disentangling one piece or set of pieces from another piece or set of pieces The Seven Bridges of Königsberg is a famous historical problem in mathematics The classical Mathematical puzzle known as water gas and electricity, the (three utilities problem, or sometimes the three cottage problem, can be stated A mechanical puzzle is a Puzzle presented as a set of mechanically interlinked pieces The Rubik's Cube is a Mechanical puzzle invented in 1974 by Hungarian Sculptor and Professor of Architecture Ernő Rubik The Think-a-Dot was a Mathematical toy made by ESR Inc during the 1960s that demonstrated Group theory. In Geometry, flexagons are flat models made from folded strips of paper that can be folded or flexed, to reveal a number of hidden faces "Conway game" can refer to games as defined by Surreal numbers which Conway also developed In Recreational mathematics, a polyomino is a Polyform with the square as its base form In Geometry, flexagons are flat models made from folded strips of paper that can be folded or flexed, to reveal a number of hidden faces This is a list of Paradoxes, grouped thematically Note that many of the listed paradoxes have a clear resolution—see Quine's Classification of Paradoxes. The Prisoner's Dilemma constitutes a problem in Game theory. It was originally framed by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher Sir Roger Penrose, PhD, OM, FRS (born 8 August 1931) is an English Mathematical physicist and Emeritus A square with sides equal to a unit length multiplied by an integer is called an integral square.

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