Map showing the distribution of Masterpieces of Oral and Intangible Heritage by State Parties as of 2005. Note: transboundary properties have been redistributed among the concerned countries for the locator map, hence, have been counted multiple times.
The Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity is a list maintained by UNESCO with pieces of intangible culture considered relevant by that organization. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 Intangible culture is the opposite of Culture which is tangible or touchable such as a castle a statue or a painting It was started in 2001 with 19 items and a further 28 were added in 2003. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. On November 25, 2005 another list was issued. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Each item is nominated by a country or more than one country. Some other items are nominated by one country but supported by one or more others.
In 2003 Member states of UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The notion of intangible cultural heritage (ICH emerged in the 90s as a counter part to the World Heritage that focusses mainly on tangible aspects of culture As it entered into force in April 2006, the proclamation programme ended.
Contents |
2001 list
| Countries | Item | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Belize with Honduras and Nicaragua | The Garifuna Language, Dance and Music | The Garifuna are a people descended from Nigerian slaves shipwrecked on Saint Vincent mixed with the native Carib islanders. Belize (bəˈliːz formerly British Honduras, is a country in Central America. Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America The Garinagu (singular Garifuna) are an ethnic group of mixed ancestry who live primarily in Central America. Garifuna is an Arawakan language spoken in Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Belize by the Garifuna people. The Garinagu (singular Garifuna) are an ethnic group of mixed ancestry who live primarily in Central America. You may be looking for St Vincent Island Florida Saint Vincent is a volcanic Island in the Caribbean, the largest island Cariban languages Carib, Island Carib or Kalinago people after whom the Caribbean Sea was named live in the Lesser Antilles islands Later, the Garifuna moved to Central America, and are now most numerous in Honduras. Garifuna music and dance combine African and indigenous elements, and include a variety of circle dances, satirical, work and a cappella songs and popular paranda and punta music. Garifuna music is quite different from the rest of Central America. Circle dance, is the most common name for a style of traditional dance usually done in a circle without partners to musical accompaniment Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human A work song is typically a Rhythmic A cappella Song sung by people working on a physical and often repetitive task A cappella (Italian or Latin "From the chapel/choir" Music is Vocal music or Singing without instrumental Accompaniment WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Paranda is a city and a Municipal council in Osmanabad district in the Indian Traditional Punta is a form of Garinagu Dance music performed during celebrations or festive occasions The Garifuna language is considered to be a part of the Arawak family. Garifuna is an Arawakan language spoken in Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Belize by the Garifuna people. The term Arawak (from aru, the Lokono word for Cassava flour was used to designate the Amerindians encountered by the Spanish in |
| Benin with Nigeria and Togo | Oral Heritage of Gelede | Gelede is an annual festival which celebrates the wisdom of mothers and female elders among the Yoruba people. Benin (bə'nɪn officially the Republic of Benin, and also known as Benin Republic, is a country in Western Africa. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal TOGO was a Japanese roller coaster design company famous for inventing the Stand-up roller coaster. Gelede is an annual Festival honouring “our mothers” ( awon iya wa) not so much for their Motherhood, but as female elders A festival is an event usually and ordinarily staged by a local community which centers on some unique aspect of that community The Yoruba (Yo•row•ba ( Yorùbá in Yoruba Orthography) are one of the largest ethno-linguistic or Ethnic groups in West Africa The festival includes headdresses worn by men who masquerade as women to placate the elder women of the tribe. Headgear, headwear or headdress is the name given to any element of Clothing which is worn on one's head. Dance and music are integral parts of the ceremony, which utilizes traditional elements of Yoruba music including complex percussion and singing. Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. The Music of the Yoruba people of Nigeria is best known for an extremely advanced drumming tradition especially using the Dundun hourglass The Gelede is preceded by a ceremony called Efe, which takes place the night before. |
| Bolivia | The Oruro Carnival | Oruro was a ceremonial site in the pre-Columbian era and was refounded by the Spanish in 1606. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. The Carnaval de Oruro (or Carnival of Oruro is the biggest annual cultural event in Bolivia. Oruro may refer to Oruro Bolivia - capital of the Bolivian Oruro Department Oruro Department - one of nine departments in Bolivia It was the site for the Ito festival, which was banned by the Spanish in the 17th century but continued ostensibly as a Christian celebration wherein ancient Andean gods were recast as saints. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity It became associated with Christmas, and was celebrated on February 2, Candlemas. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor The Feast of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple celebrates an early episode in the life of Jesus, and falls on or around 2 February. It is now an annual festival held before Lent and lasting for ten days. Lent, in some Christian denominations, is the forty-day-long liturgical season of fasting and prayer before Easter. The most important event is the entrada, which is a procession of more than 28000 dancers and 10000 musicians who march for four kilometres for more than twenty continuous hours as part of the ceremony. The Entrada Sandstone is a formation in the San Rafael Group that is spread across the U |
| China | Kunqu Opera | The Kunqu opera is one of the oldest extant forms of Chinese opera, dating back to the Ming Dynasty of the 14th to the 17th centuries. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Kunqu ( 崑[[wiktionary 曲|曲]] Pinyin: Kūnqǔ Wade-Giles: k'un-ch'ü also known as Kunju, Kun opera or Kunqu Opera Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Chinese Opera ( Chinese: 戏曲/戲曲 Pinyin: xìqǔ is a popular form of Drama and Musical theatre in China with roots going back The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Kunqu utilizes a stock cast of two leads, one male and one female, as well as an old man and a number of comic roles. Performances include song and dance, accompanied by a variety of string, wind and percussion instruments. |
| Côte d'Ivoire | The Gbofe of Afounkaha: The Music of the Transverse Trumpets of the Tagbana Community | Gbofe is a kind of transverse trumpet as well as the performances which utilize them among the Tagbana people. Côte d'Ivoire (ˌkoʊt divˈwɑː(r ' in English, kot diˈvwaʀ in French) or Ivory Coast, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a These performances use six trumpets with a varying length, as well as song and dance. In addition to the trumpets, there is a Gbofe percussion section which provides structure for the performance, which is played at a variety of ceremonies and rituals. |
| Dominican Republic | The Cultural Space of the Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit of the Congos of Villa Mella | The Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit of the Congos of Villa Mella is an organization composed of musicians who specialize in the conga drums. The Dominican Republic ( Spanish: República Dominicana;) is a nation located in the Caribbean region and shares the island of Hispaniola with The conga is tall narrow single-headed Cuban Drum of African origin probably derived from the Congolese Makuta drums or Sikulu The Brotherhood dates back to the 16th century, and has become an essential part of Dominican culture. The Dominican people and their customs have origins in a unique mix of African Taino and European roots These musicians play at religious festivals, funerals and other occasions, such as the Festival of the Holy Spirit and the Banko ceremony which occurs three years after the death of an individual. |
| Ecuador and Peru | The Oral Heritage and Cultural Manifestations of the Zápara People | The Zápara are a people who live in the Amazon Rainforest, and are believed to be among the oldest inhabitants of that diverse area. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Záparo is a nearly extinct language from the borderlands of Peru, spoken by only one person out of an ethnic population of 170 in the Pastaza province, between The Amazon Rainforest (Brazilian Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica or Amazonía Their oral culture includes a great understanding of the natural life of the rainforest, as well as complex mythological and artistic practices. The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual |
| Georgia | Georgian Polyphonic Singing | Polyphonic singing is an ancient tradition in Georgia, consisting of four main types (drone polyphony, contrapuntal polyphony, parallel (or "chordal unit)polyphony, and ostinato polyphony). Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between In Music, polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more independent Melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice ( Monophony The northwest region of Georgia, the most mountainous Svanetia has the "chordal unit" polyphony, while western Georgia is known for contrapuntal polyphony with the yodel, and eastern Georgia Kakhetia is home to dialogue of two soloists with melismatic melodies with the pedal drone accompaniment. Svaneti or Svanetia ( Suania in ancient sources (სვანეთი Svaneti) is a historic province in Georgia, in the northwestern part of Kakheti ( Georgian: კახეთი is a province in Eastern Georgia. Ostinato polyphony is present in all regions of Georgia. Kakhetian traditions include the unique Chakrulo song, from the category of so called "long table song". Polyphonic traditions in Georgia were present at least by the 4th Century (by the time Chistianity was adopted as the state religion). |
| Guinea | The Cultural Space of Sosso-Bala in Nyagassola | The Sosso-Bala is a sacred instrument of the Mandingue people, and has been an important symbol of their culture since the old Malian Empire in the 13th century. Guinea, officially Republic of Guinea (pronounced /ˈgɪni/ République de Guinée is a country in West Africa, formerly known as French Guinea The balafon ( bala, balaphone) is a resonated frame wooden keyed Percussion idiophone of West Africa; part of the Idiophone family The Mandinka (also known as Mandingo) are one of the largest Ethnic groups in West Africa with a population estimated at eleven million. The Mali Empire or Manding Empire or Manden Kurufa was a Medieval West African civilization of the Mandinka from c The Sossa-Bala is an ancient balafon most closely associated with the Dökala of Nyagassola. The balafon ( bala, balaphone) is a resonated frame wooden keyed Percussion idiophone of West Africa; part of the Idiophone family Niagassola is a town in eastern Guinea, near the border with Mali. The patriarch of the family, the Balatigui, plays the Sosso-Bala on special occasions and teaches its use to children. The instrument accompanies ancient epic poems dedicated to the ancient Malian heroes like Sundiata Keita and villains like Soumaoro Kantè. Sundiata Keita or Sundjata Keyita or Mari Djata I (c 1217 - c Soumaoro Kanté (var Sumanguru Kanté was a Thirteenth century king of the Sosso people of the Takrur region |
| India | Kutiyattam, Sanskrit Theatre | Kutiyattam is the oldest theatrical tradition of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Koodiyattam or Kutiyattam (kuːʈijaːʈːam is a form of Sanskrit theatre traditionally performed in the state of Kerala, India. It is Sanskrit in origin and is found in Kerala, performed in Kuttampalams, theatres found in Hindu temples. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; Koothambalam is a theater hall for staging Koothu and Koodiyattam, the ancient dramatic art forms of Kerala, India. The tradition dates back to at least 2000 years ago. Originally sacred and tightly-controlled, Kutiyattam is now more accessible, though spiritual elements remain, with actors being purified and an oil lamp constantly burning during performances to symbolize the divine presence. Techniques are highly stylized and governed by strict rules were, until very recently, codified in manuals that were kept secret by specific families. |
| Italy | Opera dei Pupi, Sicilian Puppet Theatre | L'Opera dei Pupi is a kind of puppet theatre which appeared in the early 19th century in Sicily. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A puppet is a representational figure manipulated by a Puppeteer. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. In these performances, chivalric tales, Italian poems and stories of the lives of saints and bandits were retold, partially improvised by the puppeteers. The two main schools of Opera dei Pupi are based in Catania and Palermo, distinguished by the characteristics of the puppets themselves as well as the techniques for operating them and the scenery. Catania ( Greek: &ndash Katánē; Latin: Catăna and Catĭna; Arabic: Palermo ( Sicilian: Palermu, Greek: Panormus, al-Madinah during Muslim rule is a historic City in Methods of performance were usually passed down within a single family, though the creation of the actual puppets was done by specialized craftspeople. |
| Japan | Nōgaku Theatre | Dating back to the 8th century when Sangaku (later got corrupted to Sarugaku) performances were imported from China, Nōgaku developed in its modern form beginning in the 14th century. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National It is the primary form of Japanese theatre today, and is based on traditional tales. Traditional Japanese Theatre includes Kabuki, Noh and Bunraku. There are two different types, the Noh and the Kyōgen, with the former being a stylized tale of a supernatural hero narrator, with other parts being performed by masked actors, and the latter a form of comedy theatre closely derived from the Sangaku tradition. or is a major form of classic Japanese musical Drama that has been performed since the 14th century The text of Nōgaku comes from the oral language of the people of the 12 to the 16th centuries. |
| Lithuania with Latvia | Cross Crafting and its Symbolism in Lithuania | Cross crafting is the making of altars and crosses, and an important part of Lithuanian culture. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Kryždirbystė or the Lithuanian cross crafting is a traditional Lithuanian art of crafting Crosses The making of altars and crosses is an important part An altar is any structure upon which Sacrifices or other offerings are made for religious purposes or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars perpendicular to each other dividing one or two of the lines in half The Culture of Lithuania and of Lithuanians has been influenced by geography historical events, and artistic movements Traditionally carved out of oak wood, Lithuanian traditional crosses are part of the people's Roman Catholic religion and are also linked to ancient pre-Christian culture dating back hundreds of years. The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin Since Lithuania became a part of the Russian Empire in the 19th century, these crosses have become a symbol of the Lithuanian people. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Lithuanians are the Baltic Ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number a little over 3 million They are decorated with floral or geometric symbols, and sometimes adorned with small statues, and are usually one to five meters high. |
| Morocco | The Cultural Space of Jemaa el-Fna Square | Jamaa el Fna is located in Marrakesh, and has been a symbol of that city since its birth in the 11th century. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Djemaa el Fna ( Arabic: جامع الفناء jâmiʻ al-fanâʼ) is a square and Market place in Marrakesh 's Medina quarter Marrakesh or Marrakech ( Amazigh: Murakush, Arabic مراكش Murrakush) known as the "Red City" The Square is home to a diverse group of performers who are musicians, dancers, glass-eaters, snake charmers, story-tellers and more, as well as restaurants, henna tattooers, traditional doctors, preachers and more. Snake charming is the practice of apparently hypnotising a Snake by simply playing an instrument Henna or Hina ( Lawsonia inermis, syn L alba) is a Flowering plant, the sole species in the genus Lawsonia A tattoo is a permanent marking made by inserting ink into the layers of Skin to change the pigment for decorative or other reasons |
| Philippines | Hudhud Chants of the Ifugao | The Ifugao community is known for the ancient hudhud chants that date from at least the 7th century. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP This article refers to the province For other uses see Ifugao (disambiguation. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. There are more than 200 chants in total, each composed of 40 episodes; there is only one melody for all the hudhud verses. In Music, a melody (from Greek μελῳδία - melōidía, "singing chanting" also tune, voice, or The primary performer is a woman, whose brother plays a more important part than her husband. These chants employ complex literary techniques including onomatopoeia, metaphor and metonymy. A literary technique or literary device is an identifiable Rule of thumb, convention or Structure that is employed in Literature Onomatopoeia (also spelled onomatopœia, from Greek: ονοματοποιΐα is a Word or a grouping of words that imitates the sound it is describing Metaphor (from the Greek: μεταφορά - metaphora, meaning "transfer" is language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects In Rhetoric, metonymy (mɨˈtɒnɨmi is the use of a word for a concept or object associated with the concept/object originally denoted by the word |
| Russia | The Cultural Space and Oral Culture of the Semeiskie | The Semeiskie are a community living in the Transbaikal region; the people are "Old Believers" in the 16th century orthodox cult. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Introductory summary of origins In 1652 Nikon (1605 – 1681 Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church from 1652 to 1658 introduced a number of ritual and textual They settled in their remote modern home under Catherine the Great and have retained many archaic elements of their culture, including their South Russian dialect. Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years Semeiskie choirs come from Russian liturgical music of the Middle Ages and include polyphonic singing. |
| South Korea | Royal Ancestral Rite and Ritual Music in Jongmyo Shrine | Jongmyo is a Confucian shrine in Seoul, which is home to an annual rite performed on the first Sunday in May by descendants of the Korean royal family. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Jongmyo is a Confucian shrine dedicated to the memorial services for the deceased kings and queens of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. Confucianism ( is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the fifth century B Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. The rite is Chinese in origin, though it is now only found in Jogmyo, and includes a prayer for the ancestors, music and dance. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The modern form of the ritual dates to the 15th century. It begins with priests making offerings of food and libations, followed by music played using flutes, zithers, bells, gongs and lutes, and dance performed by 64 dancers who present an alternation of the Yin and Yang. The flute is a Musical instrument of the Woodwind family Unlike other woodwind instruments a flute is a Reedless wind instrument that produces its The zither is a musical String instrument, most commonly found in Slovenia, Austria, Hungary, the southern regions of Germany, alpine A bell is a simple Sound -making device The bell is a Percussion instrument and an Idiophone. This article is about the Internet Protocol Television channel Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either Fretted or unfretted and a deep round back or more specifically to an instrument from In Chinese philosophy, the concept of yin and yang ( is used to describe how seemingly opposing forces are bound together intertwined and interdependent in the |
| Spain | The Mystery Play of Elx | Mystery Play of Elx is a theatrical performance which enacts the death, assumption and crowning of the Virgin Mary. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It has been performed without interruption in the Basilica of Santa Maria de Elche since the middle of the 15th century. The drama is entirely sung, and is composed of two acts performed on the 14th and 15th of August. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed The words to the drama are mostly in Valencian, with some segments in Latin, and is composed of solo medieval sections alternating with polyphonic Baroque and Renaissance sections. Valencian ( valencià) is the historical traditional and official name used in the Valencian Community of Spain to refer to the region's native language Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Baroque music describes an era and a set of styles of European classical music which were in widespread use between approximately 1600 and 1750. Renaissance music is European music written during the Renaissance, approximately 1400 - 1600 |
| Uzbekistan | The Cultural Space of the Boysun District | Boysun is a region in Uzbekistan, one of the oldest inhabited areas in the world. Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Having long been part of a cultural crossroads, Boysun's heritage includes a variety of religions including Islam, Buddhism and Zoroastrianism, as well as ancient shamanist beliefs. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings In addition, there are unique rituals such as the spring festival of Navruz which invokes the god of rain and the family rite performed 40 days after a child's birth to chase away evil spirits. Nowrūz ( /noruz/ ↔, (English New Day various local pronunciations and spellings) is the traditional Iranian New year Holiday celebrated Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to Traditional chants are common, utilizing themes from national epics and accompanied by wind and string instruments. Chant (from Old French chanter) is the Rhythmic speaking or Singing of Words or Sounds often primarily on one or two *[1] |
2003 list
| Countries | Item | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Azerbaijani Mugam | Mugam is a form of classical music characterized by a high degree of both structure and improvisation. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South For the town in Armenia see Mugam Armenia. Mugham also spelled as Mugam ( Azeri: Muğam) is one of the many musical Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music It is typically played by instruments including the daf (a large tambourine), the kamancha (a four-stringed spiked fiddle) and the tar (an eleven-stringed long-necked lute). A daf ( Persian and Arabic: دف) is a large-sized Frame drum used to accompany both popular and classical music in Iran The tambourine or Marine is a Musical instrument of the percussion family consisting of a frame often of wood or plastic with pairs of small metal jingles This article is about the Persian kamancheh For the related but different Turkish & Armenian instrument see Kemenche. For other uses of this term including another kind of musical instrument see Tar (disambiguation. Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either Fretted or unfretted and a deep round back or more specifically to an instrument from Mugham is related to the music of Central Asia, as well as Persian radif, Turkish makam and Iraqi maqam. Asian music encompasses numerous different musical styles originating from a large number of Asian cultures For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Radif (Arabic رديف is a rule in Urdu poetry which states that in the form of poetry known as a Ghazal Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches See also List of Makams, Maqam In Turkish classical music, Mevlevi music and some Mosque music a system of Melody types called makam For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Maqam is a modal structure that characterizes the art of music of countries in North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia. In Azerbaijan, mugham is traditionally played at wedding feasts and intimate gatherings called majles, and is also a part of Sufi dramatic ta'zie and shabih traditions. A wedding is the Ceremony in which two people are united in Marriage. The Majlis of Iran ( Persian: مجلس شورای اسلامی lit Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفیگری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف |
| Belgium | The Carnival of Binche | Binche is a Belgian town south of Brussels, known for the annual carnival celebration held during the three days preceding Lent, beginning on Shrove Sunday and culminating on Shrove Tuesday. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Binche is a Walloon Municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Carnival is a festival season which occurs immediately before Lent; the main events are usually during February and March Lent, in some Christian denominations, is the forty-day-long liturgical season of fasting and prayer before Easter. Shrove Tuesday is the term used in Ireland the United Kingdom Australia and Canada to refer to the day after Shrove Monday (or the more old fashioned Collop Monday Binche's carnival tradition is one of the oldest of its kind, dating back to the Middle Ages. During the carnival, men dressed in flamboyant feminine costumes, called Mam'selles, are prominent in the early part of the carnival, with colourfully-costumed Gilles characters appearing on the final day. The Gilles are the oldest and principal participants in the Carnival of Binche. |
| Bolivia | The Andean Cosmovision of the Kallawaya | The Kallawaya are a group of indigenous Bolivians found in the Bautista Saavedra region. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. Kallawaya people are an itinerant group of healers living in the Andes of Bolivia. Bautista Saavedra Mallea (1870-1939 was President of Bolivia, first as part of a governing junta between 1920-21 and then as constitutionally-elected President of the Republic They are renowned for ancient traditional medical techniques, which include a number of ceremonies that form the basis for the local economy and culture. Kallawaya priest doctors, exclusively male, are found throughout South America applying their knowledge. |
| Brazil | The Oral and Graphic Expressions of the Wajapi | The Wajapi are an Amazonian ethnic group of the Tupi-Guarani family living in the northern state of Amapá. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Tupi-Guarani ( is the name of the most important subfamily of the Tupi languages of South America. Amapá (amaˈpa is one of the states of Brazil, located in the extreme north bordering French Guiana and Suriname to the north They have a vibrant tradition of tattooing (kusiwa) and a unique language which uses both verbal and graphic components. A tattoo is a permanent marking made by inserting ink into the layers of Skin to change the pigment for decorative or other reasons The kusiwa tradition, which uses red vegetable dyes to draw jaguars, fish and other animal symbols, is closely linked to Wajapi religion and is an integral part of their culture. The jaguar (Panthera onca,, or—especially in British English — is a New World Mammal of the Felidae family and one of Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two |
| Cambodia | The Royal Ballet of Cambodia | Cambodian royal ballet has been a part of Cambodian traditions for more than a millennium, and has long been used to celebrate royal funerals, marriages and coronations. The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Khmer classical dance is a form of dance from Cambodia which shares some similarities with the classical dances of Thailand and Laos. The ballet utilizes four stock characters: Sva the monkey, Yeak the giant, Neang the woman and Neayrong the man, each of which can be distinguished by masks, gestures and costumes. A monkey is any member of either the New World monkeys or Old World monkeys two of the three groupings of Simian Primates the third group being The Mythology and Legends of many different Cultures include monsters of human appearance but prodigious size and strength |
| Central African Republic | The Oral traditions of the Aka Pygmies of Central Africa | The Aka Pygmies of Central Africa have a tradition of Pygmy music that differs greatly from their neighbours. Central Africa|Central African FederationThe Central African Republic ( CAR) République Centrafricaine ʀepyblik sɑ̃tʀafʀikɛn or Centrafrique) is a Landlocked Pygmies (singular Pygmy) refers to a member of any human group whose adult males grow to less than 150 cm (4 feet 11 inches in average height or less than 155 cm The Pygmies are a broad group of people who live in Central Africa, especially in Congo, Central African Republic and Cameroon. It is performed by all members of the community, and is characterized by complex contrapuntal polyphony and improvisation. In Music, counterpoint is the relationship between two or more voices that are independent in contour and Rhythm, and interdependent in Harmony In Music, polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more independent Melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice ( Monophony Aka music is part of numerous rituals relating to hunting, funerals and other occasions, and is accompanied by a variety of instruments, chosen according to the ceremony in question; these instruments include the geedalebagongo (a kind of harp), tom-tom (enzeko and the mbela (a bow)). The harp is a Stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. Tom tom and similar names may refer to In music: Tom-tom drum, a cylindrical drum with no snare Tom Tom Club, a New Wave In Music, a bow is moved across some part of a Musical instrument, causing Vibration which the instrument emits as Sound. |
| China | The Art of Guqin Music | The guqin is an ancient instrument, similar to a zither, and dates back to some 3,000 years ago. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The (simplified/traditional 古琴; Pinyin: gǔqín The zither is a musical String instrument, most commonly found in Slovenia, Austria, Hungary, the southern regions of Germany, alpine The instrumental techniques became an integral part of Chinese intellectual thought, especially during the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. Scholars were expected to learn guqin along with Go, Chinese painting and calligraphy. Chinese painting is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions in the world The art of Calligraphy is widely practiced and revered in the East Asian Civilizations that use or used Chinese characters. The instrument itself is quite complex, using thirteen marked pitch positions and seven strings, for a total range of four octaves played using over fifty different finger technqiues. |
| Colombia | The Carnival of Barranquilla | Barranquilla has been one of Colombia's most diverse cities and active trading centres since the 19th century, bringing in villagers from across the area, each with their own unique traditions. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Barranquilla's Carnaval ( Spanish: Carnaval de Barranquilla) is a carnival with traditions that date back to the 19th century Barranquilla, an industrial portuary and special district is a city and municipality located in northern Colombia by the Caribbean sea. The Barranquilla Carnival occurs during the last four days before Lent, and includes dances like the Spanish paloteo, African congo and indigenous mico y micas. Barranquilla's Carnaval ( Spanish: Carnaval de Barranquilla) is a carnival with traditions that date back to the 19th century Soukous (also known as Lingala or Congo, and previously as African rumba) is a Musical genre that originated in the two neighbouring countries Many styles of Colombian music are also performed, most prominently cumbia, and instruments include drum and wind ensembles. The Music of Colombia in an expression of the Colombian Culture, which contains diverse Music genres traditional and moderns according with Cumbia is originally a Colombian Folk dance and Dance music and is Colombia 's representative national dance and music along with Vallenato |
| Cuba | La Tumba Francesa, Music of the Oriente Brotherhood | The Oriente province of Cuba is Afro-Haitian and is most well-known for tumba francesa, a fusion of Dahomean West African music and French musical styles. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Oriente ( Spanish for "East" was one of six Provinces of Cuba until 1976 La Tumba Francesca is a traditional cultural Dance and style of that emerged in the eighteenth century in Cuba. West Africa is far-reaching stretching from the Sahara Desert to the Atlantic Ocean. France has long been considered a center for European Art and Music. Haitians arrived in the area beginning in the 1790s, eventually forming societies in urban cities late in the following the centuries. Events and trends French Revolution ( 1789 - 1799) It is considered to have effectively ended on November 9, 1799 when Tumba francesa is led by a lead singer (composé), along with instrumental accompanied by catá and tumba drums and female choral vocals. For the musical composition see Chorale. A choir, chorale, or chorus is a Musical ensemble of Singers The traditional dances, masón and yubá, associated with tumba francesa are led by the Mayor de Plaza. |
| Egypt | The Al-Sirah al-Hilaliyya Epic | The Hilali epic is an ancient poem that tells the story of the Bani Hilal Bedouin tribe, who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula to North Africa in the 10th century. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Taghribat Bani Hilal (تغريبة بني هلال also known as Sirat Abu Zeid Al Hilali سيرة ابي زيد الهلالي is an Arabic epic recounting the Banu Hilal The Bedouin, (from the Arabic (ar بدوي pl badū) are a desert-dwelling Arab Nomadic pastoralist, or previously The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan It is the only epic of its kind to continue to be performed in its traditional form. The Hilali epic is performed by poets who sing while playing percussion of rabab, a two-stringed spike fiddle, to celebrated circumcision ceremonies, weddings and other special occasions. The rebab ( Arabic الرباب or رباب; also rebap, rabab, rebeb, Male circumcision is the removal of some or all of the Foreskin (prepuce from the Penis. A wedding is the Ceremony in which two people are united in Marriage. |
| Estonia | The Kihnu Cultural Space | The Baltic islands of Manija and Kihnu are home to a small group of traditional people. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. Manizha Davlat ( Манижа Давлат / منیژه دولت, born 1982) (also spelled as Manizha Davlatova and Manija Davlat and Kihnu is an Island in the Baltic Sea. With an area of 164 km² it is the largest island in the Gulf of Riga and the seventh largest island of For many years, the men of Kihnu have been frequently gone to sea while the women ran the island and became the guardians of the island's cultural heritage, which includes handicrafts, dances, games and music. Music is an especially important part of the island's traditions, and accompanies handicrafting, religious feasts and other celebrations. Ancient runo-styled songs are also important, as are traditional clothings adorned with decorations and bright colours that symbolize ancient legends and poems. Runo was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. |
| India | The Tradition of Vedic Chanting | The Vedas are a collection of ancient Sanskrit philosophy, mythology and poetry, developed several millennia ago by the Aryans. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country "Veda" redirects here For other uses see Veda (disambiguation. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Aryan is an English word derived from the Sanskrit " Ārya " meaning "noble" or "honorable" They include the Rig Veda, which collects hymns and its accompanying Sama Veda, which features the music to accompany the hymns, and the Atharva Veda's collection of spells and ceremonies and the Yajur Veda's prayers and other rituals. The Rigveda ( Sanskrit sa ऋग्वेद ṛgveda, a compound of ṛc "praise verse" and veda "knowledge" A hymn is a type of Song, usually religious specifically written for the purpose of praise adoration or Prayer, and typically addressed to a deity/deities The Samaveda ( Sanskrit: सामवेद sāmaveda, from sāman "melody" + veda "knowledge") is third (in the usual The Atharvaveda ( Sanskrit: अथर्ववेद atharvaveda, a Tatpurusha compound of {{IAST|atharvan}}, an ancient Rishi The Yajurveda ( Sanskrit यजुर्वेदः, a Tatpurusha compound of yajus "sacrificial formula' + veda The Vedas' verses are traditionally chanted, and have been transmitted mostly orally. |
| Indonesia | Wayang Puppet Theatre | Originating on Java, Wayang is an elaborate performance style which includes music and puppetry. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. Wayang is an Indonesian and Malay word for Theatre. When the term is used to refer to kinds of puppet theater sometimes the puppet itself is referred It has spread throughout Indonesia, and has become quite diverse across its range. The puppets are typically of two kinds, one made of wood and the other shadow puppets projected on a lit screen from behind. Shadow play (Chinese 皮影戏 pi ying xi or shadow puppetry is an ancient form of Storytelling and Entertainment using opaque often articulated figures The puppetry is accompanied by complex music utilizing gamelan drums and bronze instruments. A gamelan is a musical ensemble of Indonesia typically featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones xylophones drums and gongs bamboo flutes bowed and Wayang has been an important part of Indonesian culture for many years, with the puppeteers regarded as repositories of moral and aesthetic values. Indonesian culture has been shaped by long Interaction between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences Wayang narratives draw on native traditions from the area, as well as from India and Persia. |
| Iraq | Iraqi Maqam | Maqam is Iraqi classical music, and is an ancient tradition related to similar practices from neighbouring Iran to distant Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Maqam is a modal structure that characterizes the art of music of countries in North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia. Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Maqam utilizes complex improvisation led by a vocalist (qari) who is accompanied by an orchestra (tshalghi) composed of dumbak (a hand drum), daff (tambourine), santur (hammered dulcimer) and jawzah (four-stringed spike fiddle). A daf ( Persian and Arabic: دف) is a large-sized Frame drum used to accompany both popular and classical music in Iran The tambourine or Marine is a Musical instrument of the percussion family consisting of a frame often of wood or plastic with pairs of small metal jingles The Santoor is an Indian hammered dulcimer similar to the Persian santur. The hammered dulcimer is a stringed Musical instrument with the strings stretched over a Trapezoidal sounding board The maqam repertoire comes from classical Arabic poetry. Arabic poetry ( Arabic, الِشعر العربي ash-shi`ru 'l-`arabiy) is the earliest form of Arabic literature. |
| Jamaica | The Maroon Heritage of Moore Town | Moore Town is a rural town inhabited by the descendants of Maroons, runaway slaves who escaped into the interior Blue and Johncrow mountains of Jamaica. Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. Maroons redirects here and may refer to Queensland state rugby league team. The Blue Mountains are a mountainous region of Jamaica. It is the largest mountain range in Jamaica With their size growing, the Maroons began waging war against the British colonialists, who eventually signed a treaty recognizing the Maroon's autonomy in 1739. Year 1739 ( MDCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The traditions of the Maroons are known as Kromanti Play and include West and Central African language, music, dance and other elements. The Kromanti language, traditional medicine, songs and rhythms are an important part of Maroon heritage, as are the communally-owned treaty lands and the abeng, a trumpet used for communication over long distances. Abeng (Ä běng is a novel published in 1984 by Michelle Cliff. |
| Japan | Ningyo Jōruri Bunraku Puppet Theatre | Ningyo Jōruri Bunraku is a performance art that uses puppetry, singing and musical accompaniment. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. also known as Ningyō jōruri (ja 人形浄瑠璃 is a form of traditional Japanese Puppet theater founded in Osaka in 1684 Puppetry is a form of Theatre or Performance which involves the Manipulation of Puppets. It arose from a combination of 15th century Jōruri drama and puppetry, known originally as Ningyo Jōruri. The narratives of this early form of Ningyo Johruri Bunraku were derived from sewamono, contemporary dramas, and jidaimono, historical plays. Jidaimono (時代物 are Japanese Kabuki or jōruri plays which feature historical plots and characters often famous samurai battles By the end of the 19th century, Ningyo Johruri had mostly reached its modern form, in which three puppeteers used large puppets while a musician plays the shamisen and a narrator (tayu) describes the actions and portrays all the characters. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The shamisen or samisen ( Japanese: 三[[wiktionary 味|味]] 線, literally "three flavor strings" also called sangen (literally |
| Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania | The Baltic Song and Dance Celebrations | The Baltic states share a tradition of celebrations that take place every four years in Lithuania and every five in Estonia and Latvia. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the These celebrations take several days and use many thousands of performers whose repertoire includes a wide range of ancient folk songs and modern genres of Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian music. The earliest mentioning of Estonian singing dates back to Saxo Grammaticus Gesta Danorum (c Traditional Latvian Music is often set to traditional poetry called dainas ' featuring pre-Christian themes and legends drone vocal Lithuania has a long history of folk popular and classical musical development The celebrations became institutionalized in the 18th century as choral singing societies began to spread. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Beginning in Estonia in 1869, these song and dance celebrations became an important symbol of national identity beginning with independence from Russia in the 1920s and continuing despite Soviet domination. Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. |
| Kyrgyzstan | The Art of Akyns, Kyrgyz Epic Tellers | The akyns are epic storytellers of the Kyrgyz, performers of song and poetry that date back to ancient times. Kyrgyzstan (ˈkɻ̩gɪztɑn (AmE or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия or Киргизстан or Кыргызстан Akyns ( Kazakh: ақын/aqın Kyrgyz: Акын/Akyn Russian: акын) are improvising Poets and Singers in The Kyrgyz (also spelled Kirgiz, Kirghiz) are a Turkic Ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan. The akyns' techniques have been transmitted orally, and including the Manas trilogy (Manas, Semetey and Seitek) that dates back more than a millennium. Many of the epics are semi-historical, and are accompanied by a three-stringed lute called the komuz. The komuz ( Kyrgyz: комуз koˈmuz is an ancient Fretless String instrument used in Kyrgyz music closely related to other |
| Madagascar | Woodcrafting Knowledge of the Zafimaniry | The Zafimaniry community is the last in Madagascar to retain knowledge about traditional woodcraft which was once widespread. Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern These traditions include the sculpting of stools, walls, window frames and tools, using more than twenty local species that are each used for a specific purpose. With no nails or other metal devices, houses are built using mortise and tenon joints. Simple and strong the mortise and tenon joint has been used for millennia by Woodworkers around the world to join pieces of Wood, usually when the pieces Simple and strong the mortise and tenon joint has been used for millennia by Woodworkers around the world to join pieces of Wood, usually when the pieces Zafimaniry woodcrafts are decorated with motifs that are highly regularized yet contain much individual expression and symbolism. |
| Mexico | The Indigenous Festivity Dedicated to the Dead | El Día de los Muertos is a traditional celebration of indigenous Mexicans, commemorating the return of the deceased at the end of October and in early November, as well as the end of the summer growing season. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The El Día de los Muertos is celebrated by the placement of offerings including food, flowers and candles along the path from the cemetery to the deceased's homes. Performing the rituals incorrectly is said to bring misfortune, though doing them correctly bring great luck. Rituals occur on a specific day, which varies depending on the deceased's age, sex, profession and cause of death. |
| Mongolia | The Traditional Music of Morin Khuur | The morin khuur is a two-stringed horse head fiddle that has been a part of Mongolian culture dating back to at least the 13th century Mongol Empire. Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East The morin khuur (морин хуур or matouqin (馬頭琴 is a Chordophone of Mongolian origin whose name roughly translates Mongolian Culture has been heavily influenced by the Mongol nomadic way of life The Mongol Empire ( Mongolyn Ezent Güren or mn Их Mонгол улс Ikh Mongol Uls; 1206–1368 was the largest contiguous Empire The instrument is an important part of ceremonies and is played using a variety of techniques, generally for solo performance, though also to accompany long songs, stories and dances. The Long song (Уртын дуу Urtyn duu) is a central element of the traditional Music of Mongolia. Some morin khuur tunes are intended to tame animals. |
| South Korea | The Pansori Epic Chant | Pansori is a kind of performance that uses a vocalist-storytellers accompanied by a drum. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Pansori (also spelled p'ansori) is a genre of Korean music. It is a vocal and percussional music performed by one sorikkun (소리꾼 a singer A single performance can last more than eight hours. The tradition dates back to 17th century southwest Korea, spreading among the common folk until it gained popularity among the urban sophisticates in the late 19th century. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Elements of pansori narratives date back to the Joseon period and include themes regarding love, mourning and family. |
| Tajikistan and Uzbekistan | Shashmaqom Music | Shashmaqom is a kind of Central Asian classical music, and uses a variety of literary techniques, melodies and rhythms, and both vocal and instrumental styles. Tajikistan (təˈdʒɪkɨstæn or /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/ Тоҷикистон tɔʤikɪsˈtɔn or, Persian تاجیکستان taajikestaan officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Shashmaqam is a Central Asian musical genre (typical of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) which may have developed in the cities of Samarkand and Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music Performances may be by a group of singers, or one individual, or an orchestra consisting of wind, percussion and string instruments. |
| Tonga | Lakalaka, Dances and Sung Speeches of Tonga | Tonga's lakalaka tradition includes music, dance and oratory, and is performed at celebrations such as coronations and anniversaries of the constitution. The Kingdom of Tonga is an Archipelago in the south Pacific Ocean comprising 169 islands 36 of them inhabited stretching over a distance of about 800 kilometres (500 miles The lakalaka (walking briskly is a Tongan group dance where the performers are largely standing still and make gestures with their arms only In its modern form, lakalaka developed in the 19th century, but can be traced to a local dance called the me'elaufola. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Performances are by groups of several hundred individuals who are in rows divided by sex, both of which have their own styles. The tradition is led by a poet, composer and choreographer called the punake. |
| Turkey | The Arts of the Meddah, Public Storytellers | Meddahlik is a form of theatre performed by a meddah, originating prior to the 6th century, when the Central Asian Turkic peoples migrated west. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The culture of the Ottoman Empire evolved over several centuries as the ruling administration of the Turks absorbed adapted and modified the cultures of conquered The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The meddahs perform in markets, mosques and elsewhere, and are considered educators and commentators on important social and political issues. The performances blend a variety of legends, jokes and improvised commentary. *[2] |
| Vanuatu | Vanuatu Sand Drawings | Vanuatu sand drawing is a ritual form of expression produced by specialists using a single finger to draw a compositions of geometric patterns that are very complex, yet produced entirely from one line. Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu ( French: République de Vanuatu, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu) is an Island The symbols are used to communicate among the diverse peoples of Vanuatu, as well as record ritual lore, history, songs and knowledge. Sand drawings typically perform more than one function and can be read simultaneously as art, information, messages, contemplative thoughts and narrative illustration. |
| Vietnam | Nha Nhac, Vietnamese Court Music | Nhã nhạc is one of the many forms of Vietnamese music performed in the royal court, encompassing many complex court dances as well, having developed over the course of some five hundred years (between the 15th and 20th centuries). Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Nhã nhạc is a form of Vietnamese court music Vietnamese court music is very diverse but the term nhã nhạc (meaning "elegant music" or "ceremonial Traditional Vietnamese music is highly diverse and syncretistic, combining native and foreign influences The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The music is performed to celebrate holidays, funerals, coronations and important ceremonies. Orchestras with many kinds of percussion instruments, as well as wind and strings, accompany a large number of singers and dancers, all of whom wear elaborately detailed costumes. |
| Yemen | Songs of Sanaa | Dating from the 14th century, traditional Yemeni music derives from classical poetry and remains an important part of social activities and gatherings as well as rituals and ceremonies. Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya Yemen is a country on the Arabian Peninsula, and the music of Yemen is primarily known abroad for a series of pan-Arab popular stars and the Yemenite Jews The songs are performed by a singer accompanied by a qanbus (a lute) and a sahn nuhasi, a copper tray balanced on the thumbs and played with the other fingers. A qanbūs ( is a short-necked Lute that originated in Yemen and spread throughout the Arabian peninsula. Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either Fretted or unfretted and a deep round back or more specifically to an instrument from Music is one of a number of melodic types, though there is significant embellishment on the part of individual performances, and may accompany dances. The repertoire draws on Yemeni dialect and classical Arabic poetry and is deeply expressive. |
2005 list
| Countries | Item | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Albania | Albanian folk iso-polyphony | |
| Algeria | Ahellil of Gourara | |
| Armenia | Duduk Music | |
| Bangladesh | Baul songs | |
| Belgium and France | Processional giants and dragons in Belgium (Ducasse de Mons) and France | |
| Bhutan | The mask dance of the drums from Drametse | |
| Brazil | Samba of Roda from Recôncavo Baiano | |
| Bulgaria | The Bistritsa Babi (grandmothers of Bistritsa) – Archaic polyphony, dances and ritual practices from the Shoplouk region | |
| Cambodia | Sbek Thom, Khmer shadow theatre | |
| China | The Art of Chinese Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam | |
| Colombia | The cultural space of Palenque de San Basilio | |
| Costa Rica | Oxherding and oxcart tradition in Costa Rica | |
| Czech Republic | Slovácko Verbuňk, Dance of recruits | |
| Dominican Republic | Cocolo dancing drama tradition | |
| Guatemala | Rabinal Achí Ballet | |
| India | Ramlila: the traditional performance of the Ramayana | |
| Indonesia | Indonesian Kris | |
| Italy | The "A tenore" Song of the Sardinian pastoral culture | |
| Japan | Kabuki | |
| Jordan | The cultural space of the Bedu in Petra and Wadi Rum | |
| Malawi | Vimbuza Healing Dance | |
| Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia | Gule Wamkulu | |
| Malaysia | Mak Yong | |
| Mali | The cultural space of the Yaaral and Degal | |
| Mongolia and China | Urtiin Duu - Mongolian traditional folk Long Song | |
| Morocco | The Moussem of Tan-Tan | |
| Mozambique | Chopi Timbila | |
| Nicaragua | El Güegüense | |
| Nigeria | Ifá Divination system in Nigeria | |
| Palestine | The Palestinian Hikaye | |
| Peru | Taquile and its textile art | |
| Philippines | Darangen Epic of the Maranao People of Lake Lanao | |
| Republic of Korea | Gangneung Danoje Festival | |
| Romania | The Căluş | |
| Russian Federation | Yakut Heroic Epos - Olonkho | |
| Senegal and Gambia | The Kankurang, or Manding initiatory rite | |
| Slovakia | Fujara - Musical instrument and its music | |
| Spain | The Patum of Berga | |
| Turkey | The Mevlevi Sema Ceremony | |
| Uganda | Bark cloth making in Uganda | |
| Vietnam | The Space of Gong Culture in the Central Highlands of Vietnam | |
| Zambia | The Makishi Masquerade | |
| Zimbabwe | Mbende/Jerusarema dance |
Past and current candidates
| Countries | Items/Notes |
|---|---|
| Belarus | Belarus may have nominated the "Cultural Space of the Eastern Polesie" for the 2005 list . This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's For other meanings see Tuat and similar (disambiguation. Tuat ("Tawat" or in French "Touat" is a Berber name Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani The duduk (duˈduk is a traditional woodwind instrument of Armenian origins ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Bauls (বাউল are a group of mystic Minstrels from Bengal, which comprises Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Mythology and Legends of many different Cultures include monsters of human appearance but prodigious size and strength The Ducasse de Mons or Doudou is a popular feast that happens every year during the Trinity Sunday (57 days after Easter) in the town of Mons The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Bistritsa or Bistrica (Бистрица is a large village in the Pancharevo municipality located at 15 km to the south of the capital Sofia. Shopi (шопи Scientific transliteration šopi singular шоп šop with various regional names also existing is a regional term referring to the inhabitants of the The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East The Khmer people are the predominant Ethnic group in Cambodia, accounting for approximately 90% of the 14 Shadow play (Chinese 皮影戏 pi ying xi or shadow puppetry is an ancient form of Storytelling and Entertainment using opaque often articulated figures China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Xinjiang ( Uyghur: شىنجاڭ Shinjang;; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang; Turkish: Sincan, Sincan Uygur Özerk The Uyghur (also spelled Uygur, Uighur, Uigur, Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر) are a Turkic people of Central Asia. A muqam is the Melody type used in Uyghur music, that is a Musical mode and set of melodic formulas used to guide Improvisation and composition Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. San Basilio de Palenque or Palenque de San Basilio is a Palenque village and Corregimiento in the Municipality of Mahates, Bolivar Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica,) is a Country in Ten Bulls or Ten Ox Herding Pictures (十牛 Japanese: jūgyū, Chinese: shíniú) is in the tradition The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The Dominican Republic ( Spanish: República Dominicana;) is a nation located in the Caribbean region and shares the island of Hispaniola with Cocolo is a Slang term common in the Spanish -speaking Caribbean used sometimes to refer to blacks Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Ramlila ( Hindi: रामलीला is a dramatic folk re-enactment of the ten day battle between Lord Ram and Ravan, as described in the Hindu The Rāmāyaṇa ( Devanāgarī: sa रामायण is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the Hindu sage ( Maharishi) Valmiki The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The kris or keris is a distinctive asymmetrical dagger indigenous to Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Southern Thailand and Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Sardinia is probably the most culturally distinct of all the regions in Italy and musically is best-known for the Tenores Polyphonic chant sacred songs For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. is a form of traditional Japanese theatre. Kabuki theatre is known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate Make-up worn by some of its performers Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern The Bedouin, (from the Arabic (ar بدوي pl badū) are a desert-dwelling Arab Nomadic pastoralist, or previously Petra (from "petra" rock in Greek; Arabic: البتراء Al-Batrāʾ) is an archaeological site in the Arabah Wadi Rum (وادي رم is a valley cut into the sandstone and granite rock in southwest Jordan. The Republic of Malawi (məˈlɑːwi or; formerly Nyasaland) is in southern Africa. The Republic of Malawi (məˈlɑːwi or; formerly Nyasaland) is in southern Africa. Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa The Republic of Zambia (ˈzæmbɪə is a Landlocked country in Southern Africa. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Mak Yong is traditional dance drama of Kelantan, Malaysia. According to UNESCO, Mak Yong appeared well before the Islamization of the country but was banned Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (République du Mali is a Landlocked nation in Western Africa. Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa A Tan Tan is a cylindrical Hand drum from Brazil that is used in small Samba and Pagode ensembles Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa The Chopi are an Ethnic group of Mozambique. They have traditionally lived primarily in the Zavala region of southern Mozambique in the Inhambane The Mbila (plural "Timbila" is a musical instrument of Mozambique, belonging to the Idiophone classification within the Percussion family of Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America El Güegüense (also known as Macho Ratón) is a Satirical Drama and was the first literary work of post-columbian Nicaragua. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal Divination process Special instruments are used to assist in the Divination to transcribe Orunmila 's wisdom through the diviner Name There are differences of opinion as to what the Palestinian territories should be called Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Taquile is an island which sits on the Peruvian side of Lake Titicaca 45 km offshore from the city of Puno. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Lake Lanao or Ranaw is a large Lake in the Philippines, located in Lanao del Sur province in the country's southern island of South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The căluşari (/kəlu'ʃarʲ/ is the Romanian word for participants in a traditional Folk dance, the căluş, nowadays mainly found in Southern Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Senegal (le Sénégal officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country south of the Sénégal River in western Africa. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million The fujara is a large folk Shepherd 's Fipple Flute of unique design originating from Slovakia. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Patum de Berga, or simply " La Patum " is a popular and traditional festival that is celebrated each year in the Catalan city of Berga during Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Space of Gong Culture in the Central Highlands of Vietnam ( Vietnamese: Không gian văn hóa Cồng Chiêng Tây Nguyên) was recognized by UNESCO as The Republic of Zambia (ˈzæmbɪə is a Landlocked country in Southern Africa. See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election |
| Brazil | Brazil's 2004 candidate was samba music . Samba ( is one of the most popular forms of music in Brazil. It is widely viewed as Brazil's national musical style |
| People's Republic of China | China's official 2005 nominees are the muqam tradition of the Uyghur people and Chinese traditional medicine . A muqam is the Melody type used in Uyghur music, that is a Musical mode and set of melodic formulas used to guide Improvisation and composition The Uyghur (also spelled Uygur, Uighur, Uigur, Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر) are a Turkic people of Central Asia. The term traditional medicine ( Indigenous medicine or folk medicine) describes medical knowledge systems which developed over centuries within various societies Other possible candidates included the Xian drum music of Shaanxi , the Dragon Boat Festival , Tibetan opera , Tai Chi and Shaolin kung fu . ( Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a north-central province of the People's Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess Tai chi chuan (is an internal Chinese martial art often practiced for Health reasons Shaolin Kung Fu refers to a collection of Chinese martial arts that claim affiliation with the Shaolin Monastery. The 2002 "shortlist" for China included the traditions of paper-cutting, the Ragoin form of Tibetan religious art, Sichuan opera and the Yunjin brocade from Nanjing . Papercutting is the art of cutting Paper designs The art has evolved uniquely all over the world to adopt to different cultural styles Sichuan opera or Chuanju (Chinese 川剧 Pinyin: chuānjù Jyutping: cyun1 kek6 is a type of Chinese opera originating in China ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles The paper-cutting tradition had also been considered in 2000 . |
| Iran | Iran's 2007 nominees will be Iranian traditional music . |
| Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Turkey, India | These countries jointly submitted the Norouz Persian New Year's festival for 2005 |
| Iran, Tajikistan, India, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka | These countries jointly submitted "Asha: The Law of Harmony, A Study of Environmental Consciousness in Zoroastrian Rituals" for 2003 . Nowrūz ( /noruz/ ↔, (English New Day various local pronunciations and spellings) is the traditional Iranian New year Holiday celebrated |
| Japan | Japan's 2004 nominee was kabuki . is a form of traditional Japanese theatre. Kabuki theatre is known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate Make-up worn by some of its performers |
| Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyzstan's 2004 nominees were Aken balladry and the Manas epic tale . |
| Republic of Macedonia | Macedonia's 2003 nominees were Teskoto and the Galicnik wedding . Galičnik (Галичник is a mountain Village in the Republic of Macedonia. |
| Malawi | Malawi has nominated the nyau dance and society . |
| Netherlands | The Netherlands may have submitted Sinterklaas for the 2003 list |
| Palau | Palau's 2005 candidate may have been airai bai . Sinterklaas (also called Sint-Nicolaas in Dutch Nikolaas2ogg}} and Saint Nicolas in French is a traditional holiday figure in the Netherlands, |
| Russia | Russia's 2007 nominees may be Sabantuy . Sabantuy is a Tatar and Idel-Uralian summer Festival, that dates back to the Volga Bulgarian epoch |
| South Korea | South Korea's 2005 nominee was the Gangneung Danoje Festival. |
| Venezuela | Venezuela's 2003 nominees was the Dancing Devils celebration . The Dancing Devils of Yare ( Diablos Danzantes del Yare) is the name of a religious festivity celebrated in San Francisco de Yare, Miranda state |
| Vietnam | Vietnam's 2005 nominees were Space of Gong Culture in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The Space of Gong Culture in the Central Highlands of Vietnam ( Vietnamese: Không gian văn hóa Cồng Chiêng Tây Nguyên) was recognized by UNESCO as 2007 candidates include Quan họ singing style and the Ca trù tradition . Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Quan họ singing is a Vietnamese Folk music style characterized both by its Antiphonal nature with alternating groups of Female and Male Ca trù (also known as hát ả đào or hát nói) is an ancient genre of chamber music featuring |
| Zimbabwe | Zimbabwe has previously nominated the Jerusalema/Mbende dance . |
References
- ^ Belarusian National Culture. Belarusian Embassy in the United States. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Brazil will postulate samba as World Intangible Heritage. Regional Office for Culture in Latin America and the Caribbean. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Traditional Uygur Music Form Intended for UNESCO Heritage List. China. org. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Traditional Chinese medicine to apply for world heritage. China View. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ The Revival Road of Xi'an Drum Music. womenofchina. org. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Shaolin Kungfu Up for World Cultural Heritage Status. Crienglish. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Why treasure when losing: Dragon Boat Festival. Chinadaily. com. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Qoinda's Village Tibetan Opera Troupe. Embassy of the People's Republic of China in India. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Chen-style Tai Chi to apply for title of oral and intangible heritage. People's Daily Online. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ China Set to Preserve Intangible Heritage. China. org. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Paper-cutting Art on Display in Wenzhou. China. com. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Kabuki to be nominated for UNESCO heritage list. Japan Times. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Macedonian Nominees for the List of the Humankind's Spiritual Heritage - "Teskoto" Also Competes for the UNESCO List. Republic of Macedonia. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Process of registration of Iranian traditional music on UNESCO list continues. Mehrnews. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Nowrouz Vital Meeting to be Held in Tehran. Payvand. com. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. UNESCO Parsi Zoroastrian Project. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Sinterklaas prime candidate for �Heritage of Humanity� li. Godutch. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Report from the ICTM Study Group on the Music of Oceania. Ethnomusic. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Mintimer Shaimiev: Sabantuy is people's spirit and strength. Intertat. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Venezuela. ICOMOS. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ VN’s UNESCO bid strong, but some face eroding authenticity. Vietnamnet. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Sub-regional Training Workshop on Proclamation of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. UNESCO Harare Cluster Office. Retrieved on September 23, 2005. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
External links
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