The master race (German: die Herrenrasse, das Herrenvolk ) is a concept in Nazi ideology, which holds that the Germanic and Nordic people represent an ideal and "pure race". The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German An ideology is a set of beliefs aims and Ideas especially in politics The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European -speaking peoples originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic The Nordic race was one of the racial categories into which the Europeans were divided by anthropologists in the first half of the twentieth century The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets It derives from 19th century racial theory, which posited a hierarchy of "races" placing African Bushmen and Indigenous Australians at the bottom of the hierarchywhile Northern Europeans (namely the Nordic peoples in particular) at the top. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets @@@ main@@@ - title Hierarchy@@@ keywords structure; sociology; information@@@ review@@@ - The Bushmen, San, Sho, Basarwa, ǃKung or Khwe are indigenous people of southern Africa that spans most areas of South Africa Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. Hardly any modern geneticists give credence to the hierarchical model of race on which the policies of racial hygiene are built, but this concept still exists today mainly among white supremacists. A geneticist is a scientist who studies Genetics, the science of Heredity and variation of Organisms A geneticist can be employed as a researcher Racial hygiene (often labeled a form of " Scientific racism " is the selection by a government of the putatively most physical intellectual and moral persons to raise White supremacy is a racist ideology based on the assertion that White people are superior to other racial groups.
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Nordicism
The origins of the Nazi version of the theory of the master race were in 19th century racial theories of Count Arthur de Gobineau, who argued that cultures degenerate when distinct races mix. The Nordic race was one of the racial categories into which the Europeans were divided by anthropologists in the first half of the twentieth century The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Joseph Arthur Comte de Gobineau ( July 14, 1816 — October 13, 1882) was a French Aristocrat, novelist and man of It was believed at this time that Southern European and Eastern European peoples were racially mixed with non-European Moors from across the Mediterranean Sea, while Northern Europeans remained pure. The term Southern Europe can have four definitions geographical political climatic phytogeographic Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent Northern Europe is a term for the northern part of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as (Finland Proponents of Nordic theory further argued that Nordic peoples had developed innate toughness and determination due to the harsh, challenging climate in which they evolved. Thus the racial ideal of these theorists was the tall, blond and blue-eyed Nordic individual. Blond (also spelled blonde, see below) or fair-haired is a Hair color characterized by low levels of the dark Pigment eumelanin Eye color is a Polygenic trait and is determined by the amount and type of Pigments in the Eye 's iris.
The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer was one of the earliest proponents of the theory presenting a hierarchical racial model of history, attributing civilisational primacy to the "white races" who gained their sensitivity and intelligence by refinement in the rigourous North.
The highest civilisation and culture, apart from the ancient Indians and Egyptians, are found exclusively among the white races; and even with many dark peoples, the ruling caste or race is fairer in colour than the rest and has, therefore, evidently immigrated, for example, the Brahmans, the Incas, and the rulers of the South Sea Islands. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Brahman ( bráhman-, Nominative bráhma sa ब्रह्म is a concept of Hinduism. All this is due to the fact that necessity is the mother of invention because those tribes that emigrated early to the north, and there gradually became white, had to develop all their intellectual powers and invent and perfect all the arts in their struggle with need, want and misery, which in their many forms were brought about by the climate. This they had to do in order to make up for the parsimony of nature and out of it all came their high civilisation. [1]
Nevertheless, such theorists usually accepted that considerable variety of hair and eye colour existed even within the racial categories they recognised. Contrary to a popular myth, the Nazis themselves did not discriminate against Germans who were not blonde or blue-eyed, or had only one of these features. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Adolf Hitler and most Nazi officials had dark hair and were considered to be "Aryans. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Aryan is an English word derived from the Sanskrit " Ārya " meaning "noble" or "honorable" "
The postulated superiority of these people was said to make them born leaders, or a "master race". Supremacism is the belief that a particular race, Religion, Gender, belief system or Culture is superior to others and entitles Other authors included Guido von List (and his associate Lanz von Liebenfels) and the British racial theorist Houston Stewart Chamberlain, all of whom felt that the white race and Germanic peoples were superior to others, and that given the purification of the white race and German people from the races who were "polluting" it, a new Millenarian age of Aryan god-men would arrive. Guido Karl Anton List, better known as Guido von List ( October 5, 1848, in Vienna, &ndash May 17, 1919, in Adolf Josef Lanz (aka Jörg Lanz) who called himself Lanz von Liebenfels ( July 19 1874 - April 22, 1954) was an Austrian The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Houston Stewart Chamberlain ( September 9, 1855 - January 9, 1927) was a British -born author of books on political philosophy natural List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that Millenarianism (sometimes spelled millenarism or millennarism) is the belief by a religious social or political group or movement in a coming major transformation
Aryanism
The term Aryan derives from the ancient peoples who lived in Iran (see also Iranian peoples) and the Indus Valley. The " Aryan race " is a concept in European culture that was influential in the period of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Aryan is an English word derived from the Sanskrit " Ārya " meaning "noble" or "honorable" For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Iranian people are a collection of Ethnic groups defined along linguistic lines as speaking Iranian languages. The Indus River { Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: urd {{Nastaliq سندھ}} Sindh; Sindhi: snd Following the ideas of Gobineau and others, the Nazi theorist Alfred Rosenberg claimed that these were a dynamic warrior people who originated in northern climates, from which they migrated south, eventually reaching India. (12 January 1893 16 October 1946 was an early and intellectually influential member of the Nazi Party. The Nordic race was one of the racial categories into which the Europeans were divided by anthropologists in the first half of the twentieth century India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country They were supposed to be the ancestors of the ancient Germanic tribes, who shared their warrior values. The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European -speaking peoples originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic Building from Nietzsche, who stated "it is quite in order that we possess no religion of oppressed Aryan races, for that is a contradiction: a master race is either on top or it is destroyed" (The Will to Power, 145), Rosenberg claimed that Christianity was an alien Semitic slave-morality inappropriate to the warrior Aryan master race and thus supported a melange of aspects of Vedic and Zoroastrian teachings, along with pre-Christian European paganism, which he considered to be distinctively Aryan in character. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15 1844 August 25 1900 ( was a nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings In Linguistics and Ethnology, Semitic (from the Biblical " Shem " Hebrew שם translated as "name" Arabic: ساميّ This article discusses the historical religious practices in the Vedic time period see Hinduism and Indian religions for details Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world
In Nazi Germany, marriage of an "Aryan" with an "Untermensch" was forbidden. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Untermensch ( German for under man, sub-man, sub-human; plural Untermenschen is a term from Nazi racial Ideology To maintain the purity of the Germanic master race, eugenics was practiced. Eugenics is a social Philosophy which advocates the improvement of Human Hereditary traits through various forms of intervention In order to eliminate "defective" citizens, the T-4 Euthanasia Program was administered by Karl Brandt to rid the country of the mentally retarded or those born with genetic deficiencies, as well as those deemed to be racially inferior. Action T4 (Aktion T4 was a program in Nazi Germany spanning October 1939 until August 1941 during which physicians killed 70273 peoplespecified in Hitler's Karl Brandt may refer to Karl Brandt (economist Karl Brandt (Nazi physician Mental retardation is a generalized triarchic disorder characterized by subaverage cognitive functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors with onset before the age A genetic disorder is a condition caused by abnormalities in Genes or Chromosomes While some diseases such as Cancer, are due to genetic abnormalities acquired Additionally, a programme of compulsory sterilisation was undertaken and resulted in the forced operations of hundreds of thousands of individuals (Note that there were similar programmes in the United States, Sweden, and other Western countries at that time). Compulsory sterilization programs are government policies which attempt to force people to undergo surgical sterilization. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Many of these policies are generally seen as being related to what eventually became known as the Holocaust. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as
From the view of modern science, the concepts involved in this theory of Germanic superiority have no real basis.
Fictional representations
Aryan master race ideology was common throughout the educated and literate strata of the Western world until after World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Such theories are commonplace in early 20th century fantasy literature. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Fantasy literature is Fantasy in written form Historically speaking the majority of fantasy works have been literature For example, the idea of Aryan humanity as the "master race" underlies much of the work of writers such as H. P. Lovecraft and Robert E. Howard. Howard Phillips Lovecraft ( August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author of horror, fantasy Robert Ervin Howard ( January 22 1906 &ndash June 11 1936) was an American pulp writer of Fantasy, Howard's most famous creation, Conan the Barbarian, is supposed to have lived between the fall of Atlantis and the "rise of the sons of Arya" (i. Conan the Barbarian (also known as Conan the Cimmerian, from the name of his homeland Cimmeria) is a Fictional character often associated with Atlantis (in Greek,, "island of Atlas " is the name of a Legendary Island, first mentioned in Plato 's dialogues e. the Aryans). In his story Wings In The Night, Howard also wrote,
The ancient empires fall, the dark-skinned peoples fade and even the demons of antiquity gasp their last, but over all stands the Aryan barbarian, white-skinned, cold-eyed, dominant, the supreme fighting man of the earth.
In other cases, while the phrase "master race" itself is seldom used, the inhumane and barbaric treatment of those not belonging to the "master race" in the fictional fascisms seems to imply that such an ideology is present. S.M. Stirling's Domination of the Draka is a fictional empire which is explicitly based on the "master race" concept. Stephen Michael Stirling is a French -born Canadian - American Science fiction and Fantasy author The Domination is a Dystopian alternate history series by S M After World War I in the Draka universe, the Draka citizens adopt an ideology which calls for all non-Drakan humanity to be reduced to chattel slavery. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another The Chosen, from Stirling's previous General series (which no doubt inspired the Draka) portrays perhaps a more realistic look at the "master race" concept, including the consequences of such a policy on a society. The General (also known as the Raj Whitehall series after the lead character is a set of Military science fiction books written by S The Chosen, who treat other peoples with contempt, calling them "animals", are eventually destroyed by their own slaves, the lowest of the low, despite the Chosen's superior weapons, training, and centuries of eugenic breeding. The fictional fascist "Freedom Party" that rules the Confederate States of America in Harry Turtledove's American Empire series of novels also echoes the concept. In fictuitous Harry Turtledove 's American Empire and Settling Accounts series of Novels the Freedom Party The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14 1949) is an American historian and novelist who has written Historical fiction, Fantasy, and
The James Bond film Moonraker is another fictionalised account of a master race - the Adolf Hitler-like megalomanic villain Sir Hugo Drax pre-selected a diverse group of astronaut trainees to become the progenitors of a master race that will repopulate Earth after the planet has been nerve-gassed. James Bond 007 is a Fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve Novels and two Short story Moonraker, released in 1979, is the eleventh film in the James Bond series and the fourth to star Roger Moore as the fictional Sir Hugo Drax is a fictional character created by author Ian Fleming for the James Bond novel Moonraker. An astronaut or cosmonaut (космона́вт) is a person trained
Similar ideas are explored in science fiction. An episode of The X-Files is entitled Herrenvolk. The X-Files is a Peabody, Golden Globe and Emmy Award -winning American Science fiction television series created by Chris Carter Herrenvolk is the season four premiere of The X-Files. While Mulder and Jeremiah Smith attempt to uncover the truth the Syndicate It presents the story of Nazi scientists saved by Americans after the war - during the Operation Paperclip - and their connections with aliens, which led them to successfully create a superior race of alien/men hybrids. Operation Paperclip (also Project Paperclip) was the code name for the O Likewise, in The Other Side, an episode of Stargate SG-1, the Eurondans are portrayed as white supremacists who have created a purified Nordic-like population, planning to annihilate other peoples, who they refer to as "Breeders" because of their indiscriminate breeding, in rejection of eugenics. Season four of Stargate SG-1, an American - Canadian Television series, began airing on June 30, 2000 on
References
- ^ Parerga and Paralipomena, Volume II, Section 92
See also
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