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Grand Turk
The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical pole which supports the sails. The Grand Turk is a replica of a three-masted Sixth-rate Frigate, well known for depicting HMS ''Indefatigable'' in the TV series A sail is any type of surface intended to generate Thrust by being placed in a Wind &mdashin essence a vertically-oriented Wing. Larger ships have several masts, with the size and configuration depending on the style of ship.
Until the 20th century, a ship's masts would be wooden spars, originally constructed from a single straight tree trunk. In Sailing, a spar is also know as a round pole of wood or Metal used on a Sailing ship. As ship sizes increased, taller masts were constructed by lashing up to three spars together.
A ship's masts are named from bow to stern (front to back):
- Fore-mast - the first mast, or the mast fore of the main-mast. A full rigged ship or fully rigged ship is a sailing vessel with three or more masts all of them Square rigged A full rigged ship is said to have a ship
- Sections: Fore-mast lower — Fore topmast — Fore topgallant mast
- Main-mast - the tallest mast, usually located near the center of the ship.
- Sections: Main-mast lower — Main topmast — Main topgallant mast — royal mast (if fitted)
- Mizzen-mast - the third mast, or the mast immediately aft of the main-mast. Typically shorter than the fore-mast.
- Sections: Mizzen-mast lower — Mizzen topmast — Mizzen topgallant mast
- Bonaventure mizzen - the fourth mast on larger Sixteenth Century galleons, typically lateen-rigged and shorter than the main mizzen. A lateen (from a la trina, meaning triangular or latin-rig is a triangular Sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast
- Jigger-mast - the fourth mast or the aft-most mast where it is smallest on vessels of less than four masts.
- Sections: Jigger-mast lower — Jigger topmast — Jigger topgallant mast
Mast names for other vessels generally follow this naming.
Many ships would also have a bowsprit at an angle closer to the horizontal extending forward of the prow. The bowsprit, or boltsprit, of a Sailing vessel is a pole extending forward from the vessel's prow The prow is the very most forward part of a Ship 's Bow that cuts through the water
Most types of ships with two masts would have a main-mast and a smaller mizzen-mast, although both brigs and two masted schooners instead carry a fore-mast and main-mast. History The Balclutha was built in 1886 by Charles Connell & Co In nautical terms, a brig is a vessel with two square-rigged masts A schooner (ˈskuːnɚ is a type of sailing vessel characterized by the use of fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts Schooners were first used by the On a two-masted vessel with the mainmast forward and a much smaller second mast, such as a ketch, or particularly a yawl, the terms mizzen and jigger are synonymous. A ketch is a Sailing Craft with two masts: a main mast and a shorter Mizzen mast abaft (rearward of the main mast YAWL (Yet Another Workflow Language is a Workflow language based on the Workflow patterns.
Some two-masted schooners have masts of identical size, but the aftmost is still referred to as the main-mast, and normally has the larger course. In Sailing, a course sail is the principal sail on a mast This term is used predominantly on Square rigged vessels referring to the largest and lowest sail on Schooners have been built with up to seven masts in all, with several six-masted examples.
On square rigged vessels, each mast carries several horizontal yards from which the individual sails are hung, see also rigging. Square rig is a generic type of sail and rigging arrangement in which the primary driving sails are carried on horizontal Spars which are perpendicular or square A yard is a Spar on a mast from which Sails are set It may be constructed of timber steel or from more modern materials like Aluminum or A sail is any type of surface intended to generate Thrust by being placed in a Wind &mdashin essence a vertically-oriented Wing. Rigging (from Anglo-Saxon wrigan or wringing, "to clothe" is on Sailboats and Sailing ships the collection of
Modern masts
Although sailing ships had been superseded by engine powered ships in the 19th century, recreational sailing ships and yachts continue to be designed and constructed. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar In the 1930s aluminium masts were introduced on large J-class yachts. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. During the 1930s J-class yachts were built to race in the America's Cup. Aluminium has considerable advantages over wooden masts, being lighter, stronger and impervious to rot. Also, an aluminium mast can be extruded as a single piece for the entire height as the mast.
After the Second World War, extruded aluminium masts became common on all dinghies and smaller yachts. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A dinghy is a type of small Boat, often carried or towed by a larger vessel Higher performance yachts would use tapered aluminium masts, constructed by removing a triangular strip of aluminium along the length of the mast and then closing and welding the gap.
From the mid 1990s racing yachts introduced the use of carbon fibre and other composite materials to construct masts with even better strength to weight ratios. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 Composite materials (or composites for short are engineered Materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical Carbon fibre masts could also be constructed with more precisely engineered aerodynamic profiles.
Modern masts form the leading edge of a sail's airfoil and tend to have a teardrop-shaped cross-section. An airfoil (in American English) or aerofoil (in British English) is the shape of a Wing or blade (of a Propeller, rotor On smaller racing yachts and catamarans, the mast rotates to the optimum angle for the sail's airfoil. If the mast has a long, thin cross-section and makes up a significant area of the airfoil, it is called a wing-mast; boats using these have a smaller sail area to compensate for the larger mast area.
On modern warships, the mast still exists but does not serve the purpose of holding sails, since all modern warships are engine-powered. Instead, the mast serves as a mounting point for radar and telecommunication antennas. Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships
See also
References
- http://www.bluewatersailing.com/shipclass.php
- http://www.hms-trincomalee.co.uk/virtual/rigging/sailsrev.htm
- http://tallships.sailtraining.org/sailrigs.htm
- http://boatdesign.net/articles/mast-materials/
- UCLA MAC Dinghy Sailing OverviewPDF (4. Sailing ship is now used to refer to any large Wind -powered Vessel. Rigging (from Anglo-Saxon wrigan or wringing, "to clothe" is on Sailboats and Sailing ships the collection of A sail-plan is a set of drawings usually prepared by a naval architect. 24 MiB)
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